液态有机肥对酚酸胁迫下马铃薯生长发育和土壤酶活性影响
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摘要
为明确液态有机肥对土壤酚酸导致马铃薯的连作障碍的缓解效应,采用盆栽试验,将阿魏酸与香草酸等量混合后按不同浓度(0,50,100,150 mg/kg)施加于马铃薯基质土壤中,模拟马铃薯连作分泌的有机酸自毒物质,并施加不同浓度梯度液态有机肥(0,225,450,675 kg/hm~2),探讨酚酸胁迫下液态有机肥对马铃薯生长发育以及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:单一施加外源酚酸对马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积以及干物质量皆有不同程度的抑制作用,随酚酸浓度增加,土壤中脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性相对对照分别降低2.74%～10.95%,11.11%～20.55%,5.29%～12.96%,过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性升高,FDA水解酶活性表现为低促进高抑制。施加液态有机肥后提高了马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积以及干物质量,土壤酶活性均有提高,脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、FDA水解酶活性相对对照处理最高分别提高了10.80%,21.40%,18.20%,29.60%,37.69%,12.31%,但是液态有机肥浓度过高降低了其对磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶的提升效果,抑制了FDA水解酶活性。因此合理施加液态有机肥可以促进马铃薯生长发育,提高土壤酶活性,增强马铃薯的抗逆性,从而缓解酚酸对马铃薯的胁迫作用。
A pot experiment was conducted to clarify the mitigation effect of liquid organic fertilizer on continuous cropping obstacle caused by phenolic acid in soil. Ferulic acid and vanillic acid were mixed equally and applied to potato substrate soil at different concentrations(0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) to simulate the autotoxin substances secreted by potato continuous cropping, and different concentration gradients liquid organic fertilizer(0, 225, 450 and 675 kg/hm~2) were applied to clarify the effects of liquid organic fertilizer on potato growth and soil enzyme activity under phenolic acid stress. The results showed that single exogenous phenolic acids reduced the potato plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight in different degree. With the increasing of phenolic acid concentration, the activity of urease, acid phosphatase and invertase in soil decreased by 2.74% ～ 10.95%, 11.11% ～ 20.55% and 5.29% ～ 12.96% compared with the control, respectively, the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase increased, while FDA hydrolase activity showed low promotion and high inhibition. Applying liquid organic fertilizer improved the potato plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight. Soil enzymes activities all increased, the activity of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and FDA hydrolase increased by 10.80%, 21.40%, 18.20%, 29.60%, 37.69% and 12.31% at most, respectively, compared with the control. But excessive concentration of liquid organic fertilizer decreased its enhancement of activity of phosphatase, urease and catalase, and inhibited the activity of FDA hydrolase. Therefore, reasonable application of liquid organic fertilizer could promote the growth and development of potato, improve soil enzyme activity and enhance the stress resistance of potato, thereby alleviating the phenolic acid stress on potato.
A pot experiment was conducted to clarify the mitigation effect of liquid organic fertilizer on continuous cropping obstacle caused by phenolic acid in soil. Ferulic acid and vanillic acid were mixed equally and applied to potato substrate soil at different concentrations(0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) to simulate the autotoxin substances secreted by potato continuous cropping, and different concentration gradients liquid organic fertilizer(0, 225, 450 and 675 kg/hm~2) were applied to clarify the effects of liquid organic fertilizer on potato growth and soil enzyme activity under phenolic acid stress. The results showed that single exogenous phenolic acids reduced the potato plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight in different degree. With the increasing of phenolic acid concentration, the activity of urease, acid phosphatase and invertase in soil decreased by 2.74% ～ 10.95%, 11.11% ～ 20.55% and 5.29% ～ 12.96% compared with the control, respectively, the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase increased, while FDA hydrolase activity showed low promotion and high inhibition. Applying liquid organic fertilizer improved the potato plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight. Soil enzymes activities all increased, the activity of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and FDA hydrolase increased by 10.80%, 21.40%, 18.20%, 29.60%, 37.69% and 12.31% at most, respectively, compared with the control. But excessive concentration of liquid organic fertilizer decreased its enhancement of activity of phosphatase, urease and catalase, and inhibited the activity of FDA hydrolase. Therefore, reasonable application of liquid organic fertilizer could promote the growth and development of potato, improve soil enzyme activity and enhance the stress resistance of potato, thereby alleviating the phenolic acid stress on potato.
引文
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[18] 李庆凯,刘苹,唐朝辉,等.两种酚酸类物质对花生根部土壤养分、酶活性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1189-1195.
[19] 方斯文,张爱华,贾明慧,等.化感作用对土壤酶影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):249-252.
[20] 荣丽,李守剑,李贤伟,等.华西雨屏区不同退耕模式细根(包括草根)分解过程中土壤酶动态[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(6):642-650.
[21] 王延平,倪桂萍,姜岳忠,等.酚酸对杨树人工林土壤养分有效性及酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(3):667-674.
[22] 母容,潘开文,王进闯,等.阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸及其混合液对土壤氮及相关微生物的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):793-800.
[23] 沙海宁,孙权,周明,等.氮素供应对土壤酶活性及设施番茄生理抗性和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(7):9-11.
[24] 曹银珠,赵同科,刘树庆,等.脲酶/硝化抑制剂双控过程中硝化抑制尿素分解效应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):143-147.
[25] 潘芳慧,张晓玮,王友保.施磷对吊兰修复镉污染土壤及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):346-351.
[2] 翟印礼,周博.农业可持续发展视角下的我国粮食安全形势判断[J].农业经济,2015(6):3-5.
[3] 徐雪风,回振龙,李自龙,等.马铃薯连作障碍与土壤环境因子变化相关研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):16-23.
[4] 林文雄.化感水稻抑草作用的根际生物学特性与研究展望[J].作物学报,2013,39(6):951-960.
[5] 李自龙,回振龙,张俊莲,等.外源酚酸类物质对马铃薯植株生长发育的影响及机制研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(6):147-152.
[6] 王明道,吴宗伟,原增艳,等.外源阿魏酸对水培地黄生长的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(1):25-29.
[7] 田给林.连作草莓土壤酚酸类物质的化感作用及其生物调控研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[8] 廖宗文,毛小云,刘可星.有机碳肥对养分平衡的作用初探:试析植物营养中的碳短板[J].土壤学报,2014,51(3):656-659.
[9] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[10] 刘海芳,马军辉,金辽,等.水稻土FDA水解酶活性的测定方法及应用[J].土壤学报,2009,46(2):365-367.
[11] 翟优雅,张立新,高梅,等.施用磷肥对烤烟烟叶氮磷钾养分以及酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(2):53-57.
[12] 曾庆宾,李涛,王昌全,等.微生物菌剂对烤烟根际土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(22):46-50.
[13] 李庆凯,刘苹,唐朝辉,等.两种酚酸类物质对花生根部土壤养分、酶活性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1189-1195.
[14] 石振,马凤鸣,李彩凤,等.外源酚酸类物质对大豆幼苗生长的影响[J].作物杂志,2008(3):40-43.
[15] 顾元,常志州,于建光,等.外源酚酸对水稻种子和幼苗的化感效应[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(2):240-246.
[16] 杨苞梅,李国良,姚丽贤,等.有机肥施用模式对蔬菜产量、品质及土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):70-76.
[17] 宋慧,高小丽,王晓曼,等.外源酚酸对小豆根际土壤酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响[J].农业科学与技术,2017(10):1935-1940.
[18] 李庆凯,刘苹,唐朝辉,等.两种酚酸类物质对花生根部土壤养分、酶活性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1189-1195.
[19] 方斯文,张爱华,贾明慧,等.化感作用对土壤酶影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):249-252.
[20] 荣丽,李守剑,李贤伟,等.华西雨屏区不同退耕模式细根(包括草根)分解过程中土壤酶动态[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(6):642-650.
[21] 王延平,倪桂萍,姜岳忠,等.酚酸对杨树人工林土壤养分有效性及酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(3):667-674.
[22] 母容,潘开文,王进闯,等.阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸及其混合液对土壤氮及相关微生物的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):793-800.
[23] 沙海宁,孙权,周明,等.氮素供应对土壤酶活性及设施番茄生理抗性和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(7):9-11.
[24] 曹银珠,赵同科,刘树庆,等.脲酶/硝化抑制剂双控过程中硝化抑制尿素分解效应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):143-147.
[25] 潘芳慧,张晓玮,王友保.施磷对吊兰修复镉污染土壤及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):346-351.
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