长江口及邻近海域凤鲚4个不同地理群体的形态差异
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摘要
为研究长江口及其邻近海域凤鲚(Coilia mystus)群体的形态差异,分别采集江苏吕四(吕四群体)、上海崇明(崇明群体)、浙江舟山(舟山群体)和浙江温州(温州群体)近岸海域的凤鲚共160尾,测量获得了11个传统形态可量性状和19个框架结构数据,将其转化为29个形态比例指标,并进行了多元统计分析。非参数检验分析表明:除吻长/体长以外,凤鲚4个群体其它性状比例均存在显著性差异(P <0. 05);主成分分析构建了7个反映形态特征信息的主成分,其中主成分1、主成分2和主成分3的贡献率分别为44. 27%、16. 31%和8. 36%,累计贡献率为68. 94%,结果显示,影响4个群体形态差异的主要因素是凤鲚躯干部和尾部。判别分析利用贡献率最大的8个参数构建了4个群体的判别方程,温州群体的判别准确率最高,达90. 0%,其次是吕四群体(87. 5%)、崇明群体(67. 5%)和舟山群体(60. 0%),综合判别准确率为76. 3%。聚类分析发现,崇明群体和舟山群体距离最近,最先聚为一组,后与吕四群体汇为一大组,而温州群体单独聚成一组。研究认为:崇明群体形态与舟山群体最为接近,与吕四和温州群体有显著差异(P <0. 05)且差异性逐渐增大。
In order to study morphological differences of C. mystus distributed in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters,a total of 160 samples of C. mystus were collected from Lvsi( Ls population),Chongming Island of Shanghai( Cm population),Zhoushan( Zs population) and Wenzhou( Wz population).Eleven traditional morphological morphometric characters and nineteen frame structures were measured,and analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. Non-parametric test analysis showed that there were significant differences( P < 0. 05) in the proportion and other characters of four populations except SL/BL. Principal component analysis constructed seven principal components reflecting morphological characteristics information,among which principal component 1,principal component 2 and principal component 3 played the main roles,and their contribution rates were 44. 27%,16. 31% and 8. 36% respectively and the cumulative contribution rate was 68. 94%. The results showed that STL and TL were the main factors affecting the morphological differences of four populations. The discriminant equations of four populations were constructed by using eight parameters that had the largest contribution rate. The discriminant accuracy rates were Ls population( 87. 5%),Cm population( 67. 5%),Zs population( 60. 0%) and Wz population( 90. 0%) respectively. The comprehensive discriminant accuracy rate was 76. 3%. Cluster analysis showed that Cm and Zs populations were the closest to each other,which first clustered into a group,then clustered into a large group with Ls population,while Wz population clustered into a single group. It showed that the morphology of Cm population was the closest to that of Zhoushan population,which was significantly different( P <0. 05) from Ls population and Wz population,and the difference increased gradually.
In order to study morphological differences of C. mystus distributed in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters,a total of 160 samples of C. mystus were collected from Lvsi( Ls population),Chongming Island of Shanghai( Cm population),Zhoushan( Zs population) and Wenzhou( Wz population).Eleven traditional morphological morphometric characters and nineteen frame structures were measured,and analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. Non-parametric test analysis showed that there were significant differences( P < 0. 05) in the proportion and other characters of four populations except SL/BL. Principal component analysis constructed seven principal components reflecting morphological characteristics information,among which principal component 1,principal component 2 and principal component 3 played the main roles,and their contribution rates were 44. 27%,16. 31% and 8. 36% respectively and the cumulative contribution rate was 68. 94%. The results showed that STL and TL were the main factors affecting the morphological differences of four populations. The discriminant equations of four populations were constructed by using eight parameters that had the largest contribution rate. The discriminant accuracy rates were Ls population( 87. 5%),Cm population( 67. 5%),Zs population( 60. 0%) and Wz population( 90. 0%) respectively. The comprehensive discriminant accuracy rate was 76. 3%. Cluster analysis showed that Cm and Zs populations were the closest to each other,which first clustered into a group,then clustered into a large group with Ls population,while Wz population clustered into a single group. It showed that the morphology of Cm population was the closest to that of Zhoushan population,which was significantly different( P <0. 05) from Ls population and Wz population,and the difference increased gradually.
引文
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[20]朱玉蓉,刘焕章.大鳍鱊基于细胞色素b基因序列的遗传变异及生物地理过程[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(2):134-140.ZHU Y R, LIU H Z. Genetic diversity and biogeographic process of Acheilognathus macropterus revealed by sequence variations of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene[J]. Acta Hydro Biological Sinica,2006,30(2):134-140.
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[22]袁传宓,林金榜,秦安舲,等.关于我国鲚属鱼类分类的历史和现状———兼谈改造旧鱼类分类学的几点体会[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),1976(2):1-5.YUAN C M,LIN J B,QIN A L,et al. On the classification of the anchovies,Coilia,from the lower Yangtze River and the southeast coast of China[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science),1976(2):1-5.
[23]程起群,马春艳,庄平,等.基于线粒体cytb基因标记探讨凤鲚3群体遗传结构和进化特征[J].水产学报,2008,32(1):1-7.CHENG Q Q,MA C Y,ZHUANG P,et al. Genetic structure and evolution characters in three populations of Coilia mystus based on cytochrome b gene segment sequence of mitochondrial DNA[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2008,32(1):1-7.
[24] CHENG Q Q,MA C Y,CHENG H P,et al.Mitochondrial DNA diversity of Coilia mystus(Clupeiformes:Engraulidae)in three Chinese estuaries[J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes,2008,83(3):277-282.
[25]刘文斌.中国鲚属4种鱼的生化和形态比较及其系统发育的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):558-565.LIU W B. Biochemical and morphological comparison and interspecific relationships of four species of the genus of Coiliain China[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(5):558-565.
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[2]李明德,张洪杰.渤海鱼类生物学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1991:21-22.LI M D,ZHANG H J. Fish biology of Bohai Sea[M]:Beijing:Science and Technology in China Press,1991:21-22.
[3]张国祥,华家栋.长江口凤鲚资源的变动及其最大持续产量的估算[J].水产科技情报,1990,17(5):130-134.ZHANG G X,HUA J D. Estimates on resource change and MSY of Coilia mystus in the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Fisheries Science and Technology,1990,17(5):130-134.
[4]刘凯,徐东坡,段金荣,等.三峡蓄水后长江口凤鲚汛期生物学特征及捕捞量变动[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(10):1282-1288.LIU K,XU D P,DUAN J R,et al. Fluctuation of biological characteristics and yield of Coilia mystus in fishing season after impoundment of the three gorges dam in Yangtze River estuary[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(10):1282-1288.
[5]刘凯,张敏莹,徐东坡,等.长江口凤鲚资源变动及最大持续产量研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2004,13(4):298-303.LIU K,ZHANG M Y,XU D P,et al. Studies on resource change and MSY of Coilia mystus in the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2004,13(4):298-303.
[6]熊瑛,郑元甲,汤建华,等.海洋鱼类种群划分的研究方法及其在小黄鱼上的应用进展[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(1):117-128.XIONG Y, ZHENG Y J, TANG J H, et al.Advances in survey methods for population identification in marine fishes and their application to small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(1):117-128.
[7] RUIZ C G,CAMARENA R F,VARELA R A,et al. Morphometric variation of wild trout populations from northwestern Mexico(Pisces:Salmonidae)[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,2003,13(1):91-110.
[8] ASTHOLM F,NYMAN Y. Morphometric variation in theAlonsoameridionaliscomplex(Scrophulariaceae)[J]. Plant Systematics&Evolution,1994,193(1-4):53-68.
[9]谢仲桂,谢从新,张鄂.我国华鳊属鱼类形态差异及其物种有效性的研究[J].动物学研究,2003,24(5):321-330.XIE Z G,XIE C X,ZHANG E. Morphological variations among the Chinese species of Sinibrama(Pisces:Teleostei:Cyprinidae),with comments on their species validities[J]. Zoological Research,2003,24(5):321-330.
[10]郭宪光,张耀光,何舜平.中国石爬鮡属鱼类的形态变异及物种有效性研究[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(3):260-268.GUO X G,ZHANG Y G,HE S P. Morphological variation and species validity of genus Euchiloglanis(Siluriformes:Sisoridae)in China[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2004,28(3):260-268.
[11]海萨,李家乐,冯建彬,等.基于多变量形态度量学和线粒体Cytb序列的鲈属鱼类分类探讨[J].动物学研究,2008,29(2):113-120.HAI S,LI J L,FENG J B,et al. Systematics of Perca species based on multivariate morphometrics and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene variation analysis[J]. Zoological Research,2008,29(2):113-120.
[12]黄镇宇,章群,卢丽锋,等.基于形态测量和DNA条形码的中国鲻科鱼类分类研究[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(1):1-9.HUANG Z Y, ZHANG Q, LU L F, et al.Morphological measurements and DNA barcoding of Mugilidae in coastal waters of China[J]. Marine Fisheries,2018,40(1):1-9.
[13]王丹婷,杨健,姜涛,等.不同水域刀鲚形态的分析比较[J].水产学报,2012,36(1):78-90.WANG D T, YANG J, JIANG T, et al. A comparative study of the morphology of different geographical populations of Coilia nasus[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(1):78-90.
[14]马爱军,王新安,孙志宾,等.红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)三个不同群体的形态差异分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):166-172.MA A J, WANG X A, SUN Z B, et al.Morphological variations among three different populations of Takifugu rubripes[J]. Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(1):166-172.
[15]杨阳,庄平,张涛,等.多鳞四指马鲅4个地理群体的形态差异[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(6):849-854.YANG Y, ZHUANG P, ZHANG T, et al.Morphological variation of Eleutheronema rhadinum in four geographical population along China Coast[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2013,22(6):849-854.
[16]丁金强,刘萍,李健,等.中国沿海日本蟳4个地理群体的形态差异比较分析[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(4):604-610.DING J Q, LIU P, LI J, et al. Analysis of morphological variation among four wild population of Charybdis japonic from coastal waters of China[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(4):604-610.
[17]郭慧,陈立侨,杨国梁,等.不同罗氏沼虾种群形态差异的比较研究[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(4):530-535.GUO H, CHEN L Q, YANG G L, et al.Morphological variations analysis among eight populations of cultivated and wild and hybridized in Macrobrachium rosenbergii[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(4):530-535.
[18] LI S F,WANG C H,CHENG Q Q. Morphological variations and phylogenesis of four strains in Cyprinus carpio[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2005,29(5):606-611.
[19] LI S F,ZHAO Y,FAN W J,et al. Possible genetic reproductive isolation between two tilapiine genera and species:Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron[J]. Zoological Research,2011,32(5):521-527.
[20]朱玉蓉,刘焕章.大鳍鱊基于细胞色素b基因序列的遗传变异及生物地理过程[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(2):134-140.ZHU Y R, LIU H Z. Genetic diversity and biogeographic process of Acheilognathus macropterus revealed by sequence variations of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene[J]. Acta Hydro Biological Sinica,2006,30(2):134-140.
[21]阎雪岚,唐文乔,杨金权.基于线粒体控制区的序列变异分析中国东南部沿海凤鲚种群遗传结构[J].生物多样性,2009,17(2):143-150.YAN X L,TANG W Q,YANG J Q. Population genetic structure of tapertail anchovy(Coilia mystus)in coastal waters of southeast China based on mt DNA control region sequences[J]. Biodiversity Science,2009,17(2):143-150.
[22]袁传宓,林金榜,秦安舲,等.关于我国鲚属鱼类分类的历史和现状———兼谈改造旧鱼类分类学的几点体会[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),1976(2):1-5.YUAN C M,LIN J B,QIN A L,et al. On the classification of the anchovies,Coilia,from the lower Yangtze River and the southeast coast of China[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science),1976(2):1-5.
[23]程起群,马春艳,庄平,等.基于线粒体cytb基因标记探讨凤鲚3群体遗传结构和进化特征[J].水产学报,2008,32(1):1-7.CHENG Q Q,MA C Y,ZHUANG P,et al. Genetic structure and evolution characters in three populations of Coilia mystus based on cytochrome b gene segment sequence of mitochondrial DNA[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2008,32(1):1-7.
[24] CHENG Q Q,MA C Y,CHENG H P,et al.Mitochondrial DNA diversity of Coilia mystus(Clupeiformes:Engraulidae)in three Chinese estuaries[J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes,2008,83(3):277-282.
[25]刘文斌.中国鲚属4种鱼的生化和形态比较及其系统发育的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):558-565.LIU W B. Biochemical and morphological comparison and interspecific relationships of four species of the genus of Coiliain China[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(5):558-565.
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