不同形态氮肥及其用量对强筋小麦氮素转运、产量和品质的影响
|
摘要
[目的]研究强筋小麦产量品质形成的适宜氮肥形态和施氮量,对增加小麦产量、提高籽粒品质及减少农田氮污染有重要意义,同时为合理精确运筹施氮提供理论依据。[方法]田间试验采用二因素裂区设计,氮肥形态为主区(硝态氮肥、铵态氮肥、酰铵态氮肥),氮肥用量为副区(低氮75 kg/hm~2、中氮150 kg/hm~2、高氮225 kg/hm~2)。分析小麦的氮转运量和产量、品质。[结果]1)在同一形态氮肥下,小麦成熟期氮累积量、籽粒产量和收获指数均在中氮(150 kg/hm~2)处理达到最大值,中氮(150 kg/hm~2)处理能通过显著增加花前氮转运量和花后氮积累量进而提高籽粒含氮量。生物产量、籽粒蛋白质组分含量(除醇溶蛋白)、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均随施氮量增加而提高。2)在同一施氮量下,硝态氮肥和酰胺态氮肥处理的小麦各时期植株含氮量、生物产量和籽粒产量均显著高于铵态氮肥(P<0.05),硝态氮肥和酰胺态氮肥的籽粒产量处理无显著差异(除低氮处理)。铵态氮肥处理的品质最差,酰胺态氮肥处理更有利于增加蛋白质和淀粉含量,改善籽粒品质,酰胺态氮肥处理的氮素吸收效率和氮素生产效率最高。3)不同形态氮肥显著影响穗数,施氮量显著影响千粒重。产量和品质达到最优所需的氮肥用量不同,中氮(150 kg/hm~2)时产量最高,高氮(225 kg/hm~2)时品质最优。4)方差分析表明,不同形态氮肥和施氮量对冬小麦各生育阶段氮素积累量及所占比例有极显著的影响(P<0.01),且二者存在极显著的互作效应。通径分析表明,叶片花前氮转运量对产量的直接影响最大,直接通径系数为0.614。[结论]酰胺态氮肥是适合该地区的氮肥种类,酰胺态氮肥在中氮(150 kg/hm~2)条件下能显著提高强筋小麦产量和籽粒含氮量,在高氮(225 kg/hm~2)条件下能显著改善强筋小麦品质,因此在实际小麦生产中要根据产量品质要求合理运筹氮肥。
[Objectives]Nitrogen sources and application amount is not always reasonable in wheat production.This paper was to select the optimal nitrogen source and amount to increase of grain yield and quality of wheat,decrease field pollution, and at the same time found theoretical basis for reasonable and precise nitrogen application in forms and rates.[Methods ]A two-factor splitting plot experiment was conducted,with N form as the main factor(NO_3~--N,NH_4~+-N and CONH_2-N),and nitrogen levels of low(75 kg/hm~2),medium(150 kg/hm2)and high(225 kg/hm2) as subplots. The N translocation,yield and quality of wheat were investigated.[Results]1)For all the three N supplying forms, the medium N rate of 150 kg/hm2 showed the maximal nitrogen accumulation,the highest grain yield and harvest index at the wheat harvest stage. The medium N treatment also increased preanthesis N translocation and post-anthesis N accumulation. The biomass yields, all the grain protein fraction contents(except gliadin), protein contents, wet gluten contents, gluten indices, total starch, amylose, amylopectin,soluble sugar and sucrose contents were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rates. 2) Under the same N rate, the plant N content, biomass and grain yield of wheat with NO_3~--N and CONH_2-N treatments were significantly higher than those with NH4_4~+-N treatment(P < 0.05), there were no significant differences between NO_3~--N and CONH_2-N at medium and high N levels. As for quality of wheat, CONH_2-N was more benefit for increasing protein and gluten contents, and thus producing high grain quality; supplying of CONH_2-N was also promote N uptake and nitrogen production efficiencies, the NH_4~+-N treatment, on the contrary, was the worst.3) Nitrogen form affected spike number and nitrogen rate influenced the 1000-grain weight significantly. The highest yield was obtained with the medium N level(150 kg/hm2), and the best quality was obtained with the high nitrogen(225 kg/hm2). 4) Variance analysis showed that supplement of different forms and rates of nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced N accumulation and its proportion at different growth stages of winter wheat(P <0.01), and there was a highly significant interaction between N form and rate. Path analysis showed that the leaf N-translocation before anthesis directly affected yield with the direct path coefficient as 0.614.[Conclusions ]Amide nitrogen is found most suitable nitrogen form for wheat growth in the tested area.CONH_2-N in medium rate(150 kg/hm~2) is suitable for increasing grain yield and nitrogen content, while in high rate(255 kg/hm2) is good for achieving high gluten grain. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization rate should be managed according to the yield and quality requirements in actual wheat production.
[Objectives]Nitrogen sources and application amount is not always reasonable in wheat production.This paper was to select the optimal nitrogen source and amount to increase of grain yield and quality of wheat,decrease field pollution, and at the same time found theoretical basis for reasonable and precise nitrogen application in forms and rates.[Methods ]A two-factor splitting plot experiment was conducted,with N form as the main factor(NO_3~--N,NH_4~+-N and CONH_2-N),and nitrogen levels of low(75 kg/hm~2),medium(150 kg/hm2)and high(225 kg/hm2) as subplots. The N translocation,yield and quality of wheat were investigated.[Results]1)For all the three N supplying forms, the medium N rate of 150 kg/hm2 showed the maximal nitrogen accumulation,the highest grain yield and harvest index at the wheat harvest stage. The medium N treatment also increased preanthesis N translocation and post-anthesis N accumulation. The biomass yields, all the grain protein fraction contents(except gliadin), protein contents, wet gluten contents, gluten indices, total starch, amylose, amylopectin,soluble sugar and sucrose contents were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rates. 2) Under the same N rate, the plant N content, biomass and grain yield of wheat with NO_3~--N and CONH_2-N treatments were significantly higher than those with NH4_4~+-N treatment(P < 0.05), there were no significant differences between NO_3~--N and CONH_2-N at medium and high N levels. As for quality of wheat, CONH_2-N was more benefit for increasing protein and gluten contents, and thus producing high grain quality; supplying of CONH_2-N was also promote N uptake and nitrogen production efficiencies, the NH_4~+-N treatment, on the contrary, was the worst.3) Nitrogen form affected spike number and nitrogen rate influenced the 1000-grain weight significantly. The highest yield was obtained with the medium N level(150 kg/hm2), and the best quality was obtained with the high nitrogen(225 kg/hm2). 4) Variance analysis showed that supplement of different forms and rates of nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced N accumulation and its proportion at different growth stages of winter wheat(P <0.01), and there was a highly significant interaction between N form and rate. Path analysis showed that the leaf N-translocation before anthesis directly affected yield with the direct path coefficient as 0.614.[Conclusions ]Amide nitrogen is found most suitable nitrogen form for wheat growth in the tested area.CONH_2-N in medium rate(150 kg/hm~2) is suitable for increasing grain yield and nitrogen content, while in high rate(255 kg/hm2) is good for achieving high gluten grain. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization rate should be managed according to the yield and quality requirements in actual wheat production.
引文
[1]巨晓棠,谷保静.我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):783-795.Ju X T, Gu B J. Status-quo, problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2014,20(4):783-795.
[2]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,(5):915-924.Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, et al. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in china and measures for improvement[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,(5):915-924.
[3]姜丽娜,刘佩,齐冰玉,等.不同施氮量及种植密度对小麦开花期氮素积累转运的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016, 4(2):131-141.Jiang L N, Liu P, Qi B Y, et al. Effects of different nitrogen application amounts and seedling densities on nitrogen accumulation and transport in winter wheat at anthesis stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 4(2):131-141.
[4]郭明明,赵广才,郭文善,等.施氮量与行距对冬小麦品质性状的调控效应[J].中国生态农业学报,2015, 23(6):668-675.Guo M M, Zhao G C, Guo W S, et al. Effects of nitrogen rate and row spacing on winter wheat grain quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(6):668-675.
[5]彭永欣.小麦栽培与生理[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1992.127-144.Peng Y X. Wheat cultivation and physiology[M]. Nanjing:Southeast University Press, 1992. 127-144.
[6] Shewry P R. Improving the protein content and composition of cereal grain[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2007, 46(3):239-250.
[7]Basso B, Cammarano D, Fiorentino C, et al. Wheat yield response to spatially variable nitrogen fertilizer in Mediterranean environment[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2013, 51:65-70.
[8]杨铁钢,戴廷波,姜东,等.不同施氮水平下两种品质类型小麦植株氮素形态的变化特征[J].作物学报,2007,(11):1763-1770.Yang T G, Dai T B, Jiang D, et al. Characterizing nitrogen form variations in different organs of two wheat genotypes under threenitrogen rates[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007,(11):1763-1770.
[9]罗来超,苗艳芳,李生秀,等.氮素形态对小麦幼苗生长及根系生理特性的影响[J].河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013, 34(4):81-84.Luo L C, Miao Y F, Li S X, et al. N forms and the root physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings[J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science), 2013, 34(4):81-84.
[10]左力翔,赵丽敏,李秧秧,等.氮素水平和形态对小麦幼苗叶最小导度的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012, 35(5):82-87.Zuo L X, Zhao L M, Li Y Y, et al. Effect of nitrogen concentration and form on leaf minimum conductance of winter wheat seedlings[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2012, 35(5):82-87.
[11]马宗斌,熊淑萍,何建国,等.氮素形态对专用小麦中后期根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,(4):1544-1551.Ma Z B, Xiong S P, He J G, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzyme activity under cultivation of contrasting wheat cultivars during booting and grain filling period[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,(4):1544-1551.
[12]尹飞,陈明灿,刘君瑞.氮素形态对小麦花后干物质积累与分配的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(13):78-81.Yin F, Chen M C, Liu J R. Effects of nitrogen forms on wheat dry matter accumulation and distribution after blooming[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(13):78-81.
[13]熊淑萍,王小纯,马新明,等.氮素形态对冬小麦旗叶GS及其同工酶活性和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(4):683-688.Xiong S P, Wang X C, Ma X M, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on the activities of GS, GS is ozyme in flag leaf and protein content of kernel in winter wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2011, 31(4):683-688.
[14]王小纯,程振云,何建国,等.不同氮素形态对专用小麦苗期氨同化关键酶活性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2008, 25(5):836-840.Wang X C, Cheng Z Y, He J G, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on the activities of key enzymes for NH4+assimilation at seedling stage of different wheat cultivars with special-end use[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2008, 25(5):836-840.
[15]吕伟仙,葛滢,吴建之,等.植物中硝态氮、氨态氮、总氮测定方法的比较研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2004, 24(2):204-206.Lv W X, Ge Y, Wu J Z, et al. Study on the method for the determination of nitric nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in plant[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2004,24(2):204-206.
[16]赵俊晔,于振文.高产条件下施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收分配利用的影响[J].作物学报,2006, 32(4):484-490.Zhao J Y, Yu Z W. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on uptake,distribution and utilization of nitrogen in winter wheat under high yielding cultivated condition[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2006,32(4):484-490.
[17]邓妙,魏益民.蛋白质组分的连续累进提取分析法[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1989,(1):110-113.Deng M, Wei Y M. Successive extraction and analysis of protein fractions[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition), 1989,(1):110-113.
[18]金玉红,张开利,张兴春,等.双波长法测定小麦及小麦芽中直链、支链淀粉含量[J].中国粮油学报,2009, 24(1):137-140.Jing Y H, Zhang K L, Zhang X C, et al. Determination of amylose and amylopectin in wheat and wheat malt by dual-wavelength spectrophotometry[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2009, 24(1):137-140.
[19]刘海英,王华华,崔长海,等.可溶性糖含量测定(蒽酮法)实验的改进[J].实验室科学,2013, 16(2):19-20.Liu H Y, Wang H H, Cui C H, et al. Experiment improvement of the soluble sugar content determination by enthrone colorimetric method[J].Laboratory Science, 2013, 16(2):19-20.
[20]同延安,赵营,赵护兵,等.施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007, 13(1):64-69.Tong Y A, Zhao Y, Zhao H B, et al. Effect of N rates on N uptake,transformation and the yield of winter wheat[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2007, 13(1):64-69.
[21]石玉,于振文.施氮量及底追比例对小麦产量、土壤硝态氮含量和氮平衡的影响[J].生态学报,2006,(11):3661-3669.Shi Y, Yu Z W. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of base and topdressing on yield of wheat, content of soil nitrate and nitrogen balance[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006,(11):3661-3669.
[22]蒋会利,温晓霞,廖允成.施氮量对冬小麦产量的影响及土壤硝态氮运转特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010, 16(1):237-241.Jiang H L, Wen X X, Liao Y C. Effects of nitrogen application on winter wheat yield and translation of soil NO3--N[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(1):237-241.
[23]曹承富,孔令聪,汪建来,等.施氮量对强筋和中筋小麦产量和品质及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005, 11(1):46-50.Cao C F, Kong L C, Wang J L, et al. Effects of nitrogen on yield,quality and nutritive absorption of middle and strong gluten wheat[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2005, 11(1):46-50.
[24]扶艳艳.氮素形态对小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响[D].郑州:河南科技大学硕士学位论文,2012.Fu Y Y. N forms effects on wheat yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency[D]. Zhengzhou:MS Thesis of Henan University of Science and Technology, 2012.
[25]薛延丰,汪敬恒,李恒.不同氮素形态对小麦体内氮磷钾分布及群体结构和产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014, 27(6):2444-2448.Xue Y F, Wang J H, Li H, et al. Effect of different n form on distribution of N, P and K, group structure and yield in wheat[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 27(6):2444-2448.
[26]李娜,王朝辉,苗艳芳,等.氮素形态对小麦的增产效果及干物质积累的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013, 42(6):73-76.Li N, Wang Z H, Miao Y F, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on wheat yield and dry matter accumulation[J]. Henan Agricultural Sciences,2013, 42(6):73-76.
[27]王小纯,熊淑萍,马新明,等.不同形态氮素对专用型小麦花后氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].生态学报,2005, 25(4):802-807.Wang X C, Xiong S P, Ma X M, et al. Effects of different nitrogen forms on key enzyme activity involved in nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content in special wheat cultivars[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(4):802-807.
[2]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,(5):915-924.Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, et al. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in china and measures for improvement[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,(5):915-924.
[3]姜丽娜,刘佩,齐冰玉,等.不同施氮量及种植密度对小麦开花期氮素积累转运的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016, 4(2):131-141.Jiang L N, Liu P, Qi B Y, et al. Effects of different nitrogen application amounts and seedling densities on nitrogen accumulation and transport in winter wheat at anthesis stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 4(2):131-141.
[4]郭明明,赵广才,郭文善,等.施氮量与行距对冬小麦品质性状的调控效应[J].中国生态农业学报,2015, 23(6):668-675.Guo M M, Zhao G C, Guo W S, et al. Effects of nitrogen rate and row spacing on winter wheat grain quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(6):668-675.
[5]彭永欣.小麦栽培与生理[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1992.127-144.Peng Y X. Wheat cultivation and physiology[M]. Nanjing:Southeast University Press, 1992. 127-144.
[6] Shewry P R. Improving the protein content and composition of cereal grain[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2007, 46(3):239-250.
[7]Basso B, Cammarano D, Fiorentino C, et al. Wheat yield response to spatially variable nitrogen fertilizer in Mediterranean environment[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2013, 51:65-70.
[8]杨铁钢,戴廷波,姜东,等.不同施氮水平下两种品质类型小麦植株氮素形态的变化特征[J].作物学报,2007,(11):1763-1770.Yang T G, Dai T B, Jiang D, et al. Characterizing nitrogen form variations in different organs of two wheat genotypes under threenitrogen rates[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007,(11):1763-1770.
[9]罗来超,苗艳芳,李生秀,等.氮素形态对小麦幼苗生长及根系生理特性的影响[J].河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013, 34(4):81-84.Luo L C, Miao Y F, Li S X, et al. N forms and the root physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings[J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science), 2013, 34(4):81-84.
[10]左力翔,赵丽敏,李秧秧,等.氮素水平和形态对小麦幼苗叶最小导度的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012, 35(5):82-87.Zuo L X, Zhao L M, Li Y Y, et al. Effect of nitrogen concentration and form on leaf minimum conductance of winter wheat seedlings[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2012, 35(5):82-87.
[11]马宗斌,熊淑萍,何建国,等.氮素形态对专用小麦中后期根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,(4):1544-1551.Ma Z B, Xiong S P, He J G, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzyme activity under cultivation of contrasting wheat cultivars during booting and grain filling period[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,(4):1544-1551.
[12]尹飞,陈明灿,刘君瑞.氮素形态对小麦花后干物质积累与分配的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(13):78-81.Yin F, Chen M C, Liu J R. Effects of nitrogen forms on wheat dry matter accumulation and distribution after blooming[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(13):78-81.
[13]熊淑萍,王小纯,马新明,等.氮素形态对冬小麦旗叶GS及其同工酶活性和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(4):683-688.Xiong S P, Wang X C, Ma X M, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on the activities of GS, GS is ozyme in flag leaf and protein content of kernel in winter wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2011, 31(4):683-688.
[14]王小纯,程振云,何建国,等.不同氮素形态对专用小麦苗期氨同化关键酶活性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2008, 25(5):836-840.Wang X C, Cheng Z Y, He J G, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on the activities of key enzymes for NH4+assimilation at seedling stage of different wheat cultivars with special-end use[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2008, 25(5):836-840.
[15]吕伟仙,葛滢,吴建之,等.植物中硝态氮、氨态氮、总氮测定方法的比较研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2004, 24(2):204-206.Lv W X, Ge Y, Wu J Z, et al. Study on the method for the determination of nitric nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in plant[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2004,24(2):204-206.
[16]赵俊晔,于振文.高产条件下施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收分配利用的影响[J].作物学报,2006, 32(4):484-490.Zhao J Y, Yu Z W. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on uptake,distribution and utilization of nitrogen in winter wheat under high yielding cultivated condition[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2006,32(4):484-490.
[17]邓妙,魏益民.蛋白质组分的连续累进提取分析法[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1989,(1):110-113.Deng M, Wei Y M. Successive extraction and analysis of protein fractions[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition), 1989,(1):110-113.
[18]金玉红,张开利,张兴春,等.双波长法测定小麦及小麦芽中直链、支链淀粉含量[J].中国粮油学报,2009, 24(1):137-140.Jing Y H, Zhang K L, Zhang X C, et al. Determination of amylose and amylopectin in wheat and wheat malt by dual-wavelength spectrophotometry[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2009, 24(1):137-140.
[19]刘海英,王华华,崔长海,等.可溶性糖含量测定(蒽酮法)实验的改进[J].实验室科学,2013, 16(2):19-20.Liu H Y, Wang H H, Cui C H, et al. Experiment improvement of the soluble sugar content determination by enthrone colorimetric method[J].Laboratory Science, 2013, 16(2):19-20.
[20]同延安,赵营,赵护兵,等.施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007, 13(1):64-69.Tong Y A, Zhao Y, Zhao H B, et al. Effect of N rates on N uptake,transformation and the yield of winter wheat[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2007, 13(1):64-69.
[21]石玉,于振文.施氮量及底追比例对小麦产量、土壤硝态氮含量和氮平衡的影响[J].生态学报,2006,(11):3661-3669.Shi Y, Yu Z W. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of base and topdressing on yield of wheat, content of soil nitrate and nitrogen balance[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006,(11):3661-3669.
[22]蒋会利,温晓霞,廖允成.施氮量对冬小麦产量的影响及土壤硝态氮运转特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010, 16(1):237-241.Jiang H L, Wen X X, Liao Y C. Effects of nitrogen application on winter wheat yield and translation of soil NO3--N[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(1):237-241.
[23]曹承富,孔令聪,汪建来,等.施氮量对强筋和中筋小麦产量和品质及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005, 11(1):46-50.Cao C F, Kong L C, Wang J L, et al. Effects of nitrogen on yield,quality and nutritive absorption of middle and strong gluten wheat[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2005, 11(1):46-50.
[24]扶艳艳.氮素形态对小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响[D].郑州:河南科技大学硕士学位论文,2012.Fu Y Y. N forms effects on wheat yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency[D]. Zhengzhou:MS Thesis of Henan University of Science and Technology, 2012.
[25]薛延丰,汪敬恒,李恒.不同氮素形态对小麦体内氮磷钾分布及群体结构和产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014, 27(6):2444-2448.Xue Y F, Wang J H, Li H, et al. Effect of different n form on distribution of N, P and K, group structure and yield in wheat[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 27(6):2444-2448.
[26]李娜,王朝辉,苗艳芳,等.氮素形态对小麦的增产效果及干物质积累的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013, 42(6):73-76.Li N, Wang Z H, Miao Y F, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on wheat yield and dry matter accumulation[J]. Henan Agricultural Sciences,2013, 42(6):73-76.
[27]王小纯,熊淑萍,马新明,等.不同形态氮素对专用型小麦花后氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].生态学报,2005, 25(4):802-807.Wang X C, Xiong S P, Ma X M, et al. Effects of different nitrogen forms on key enzyme activity involved in nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content in special wheat cultivars[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(4):802-807.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |