BSL-4实验室废弃物处理与风险评估
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摘要
BSL-4实验室,即四级生物安全实验室,又被称为P4实验室,是目前国际上最高级别的生物安全实验室。从某种程度上来说,BSL-4实验室的建立和运行标志着一个国家防控传染病的能力和生物科技发展的水平。而废弃物处理对保证高级别生物安全实验室人员及环境的安全至关重要。本文通过对BSL-4实验室废弃物处理环节中废弃物主要类别、处理方法、分类处理及风险评估等方面的综合分析。明确了废弃物处理相关设备要求和处理方法,提出了符合我国国情的BSL-4实验室废弃物处理的几点建议。
BSL-4, which is short for Biosafety level-4. The BSL-4 laboratory is the highest level biological safety laboratory worldwide. To some extent, establishment and operation of a BSL-4 laboratory stand for the great ability of disease control and high level of biology science of a country. Biological waste disposal in a high level biosafety laboratory is crucial for the safety of the lab, staff and environment. This paper discusses classification, method and technology, and safety risk assessment of biological waste disposal in the BSL-4 laboratory. Requirements are summaraized about method and equipment for chemical waste proposal in the BSL-4 laboratory, and suggestions for BSL-4 waste management and disposal are made based on the current situation in China.
BSL-4, which is short for Biosafety level-4. The BSL-4 laboratory is the highest level biological safety laboratory worldwide. To some extent, establishment and operation of a BSL-4 laboratory stand for the great ability of disease control and high level of biology science of a country. Biological waste disposal in a high level biosafety laboratory is crucial for the safety of the lab, staff and environment. This paper discusses classification, method and technology, and safety risk assessment of biological waste disposal in the BSL-4 laboratory. Requirements are summaraized about method and equipment for chemical waste proposal in the BSL-4 laboratory, and suggestions for BSL-4 waste management and disposal are made based on the current situation in China.
引文
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[5] Lackemeyer M G,Kok-Mercado Fd,Wada J,et al.ABSL-4 aerobiology biosafety and technology at the NIH/NIAID integrated research facility at Fort Detrick[J].Viruses,2014,6(1):137-150.
[6] Roy C J,Reed D S,Hutt J A.Aerobiology and inhalation exposure to biological select agents and toxins[J].Vet Pathol,2010,47(5):779-789.
[7] Orloff K,Falk H.An international perspective on hazardous waste practices[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2003,206(4/5):291-302.
[8] Saini D,Hopkins G W,Chen C J,et al.Sampling port for real-time analysis of bioaerosol in whole body exposure system for animal aerosol model development[J].J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods,2011,63(2):143-149.
[9] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 19489-2008.实验室生物安全通用要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
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[12] Yasuda K,Tanaka M.Report on hazardous household waste generation in Japan[J].Waste Manag Res,2006,24(4):397-401.
[13] 张亦静,吴新洲.高级别大动物生物安全实验室的废水废物处理[J].给水排水,2008(2):79-83.
[14] Mani P P,Langevin P,Abraham G,et al.Veterinary containment facilities design and construction handbook[M].Bremgarten,Switzerland:International Veterinary Biosafety Working Group,2006.
[15] Skvorc C,Wilson D E.Developing a behavioral health screening program for BSL-4 laboratory workers at the National Institutes of Health[J].Biosecur Bioterror,2011,9(1):23-29.
[16] 赵德,魏凤,袁志明,等.中国与欧盟生物废弃物处理标准化管理研究[J].实验技术与管理,2014(2):186-190.
[17] 中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 50346-2004.生物安全实验室建筑技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[18] 程水生,王泰健,夏业才,等.美国、加拿大生物安全三级动物实验室考察报告[J].中国兽药杂志,2007(10):47-49.
[2] 由继红.实验室生物安全问题的研究[J].实验技术与管理,2011(10):169-171.
[3] WHO.Laboratory biosafety manual[M].3rded.Atlanta:CDC,2004.
[4] 魏凤,陈宗胜,胡逸红,等.中法生物安全实验室标准应用体系对比分析[J].军事医学,2013(1):39-42.
[5] Lackemeyer M G,Kok-Mercado Fd,Wada J,et al.ABSL-4 aerobiology biosafety and technology at the NIH/NIAID integrated research facility at Fort Detrick[J].Viruses,2014,6(1):137-150.
[6] Roy C J,Reed D S,Hutt J A.Aerobiology and inhalation exposure to biological select agents and toxins[J].Vet Pathol,2010,47(5):779-789.
[7] Orloff K,Falk H.An international perspective on hazardous waste practices[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2003,206(4/5):291-302.
[8] Saini D,Hopkins G W,Chen C J,et al.Sampling port for real-time analysis of bioaerosol in whole body exposure system for animal aerosol model development[J].J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods,2011,63(2):143-149.
[9] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 19489-2008.实验室生物安全通用要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[10] 中华人民共和国环境保护部.GB 18484-2001危险废物焚烧污染控制标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[11] Casadevall A,Imperiale M J.Destruction of microbial collections in response to select agent and toxin list regulations[J].Biosecur Bioterror,2010,8(2):151-154.
[12] Yasuda K,Tanaka M.Report on hazardous household waste generation in Japan[J].Waste Manag Res,2006,24(4):397-401.
[13] 张亦静,吴新洲.高级别大动物生物安全实验室的废水废物处理[J].给水排水,2008(2):79-83.
[14] Mani P P,Langevin P,Abraham G,et al.Veterinary containment facilities design and construction handbook[M].Bremgarten,Switzerland:International Veterinary Biosafety Working Group,2006.
[15] Skvorc C,Wilson D E.Developing a behavioral health screening program for BSL-4 laboratory workers at the National Institutes of Health[J].Biosecur Bioterror,2011,9(1):23-29.
[16] 赵德,魏凤,袁志明,等.中国与欧盟生物废弃物处理标准化管理研究[J].实验技术与管理,2014(2):186-190.
[17] 中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 50346-2004.生物安全实验室建筑技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[18] 程水生,王泰健,夏业才,等.美国、加拿大生物安全三级动物实验室考察报告[J].中国兽药杂志,2007(10):47-49.
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