生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化体重金属动态浸出规律
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摘要
为研究实际生活垃圾卫生填埋场中渗滤液长期作用于飞灰固化体的浸出行为,分别采用pH值为5.5的醋酸-醋酸钠溶液和pH值为7.0的去离子水作为初始浸提液,建立飞灰固化体的动态浸出试验.初始浸提液pH值的差异会影响飞灰固化体的结构完整性和固化体表面晶体的生成情况,当初始浸提液为醋酸-醋酸钠溶液时,实验过程中飞灰固化体会破碎;当初始浸提液为去离子水时,飞灰固化体表面生成的CaCO_3晶体可能会抑制重金属浸出.当实验进行至约120d时,2组实验浸出液的pH值和重金属浓度基本稳定,且pH值相差不大;但采用去离子水浸提时,Pb、Cr的累计浸出量明显更高,且Pb的浸出浓度(0.29mg/L)甚至一度超过填埋场入场限值,其潜在风险应受到关注.
A dynamic leaching experiment was established using CH_3COOH-CH_3COONa solution with a pH of 5.5 and deionized water with a pH of 7.0 as initial leach liquor,aiming at studying the long-term leaching behavior of fly ash solidified body in the domestic waste sanitary landfill site.The difference in pH of the initial leach liquor would affect the structural integrity and the formation of crystal on the surface of fly ash solidified body.When CH_3COOH-CH_3COONa solution was used,the fly ash solidified body would be broken during the experiment.While deionized water was used,CaCO_3 crystals formed on the surface of fly ash solidified body would inhibit the leaching of heavy metals.Both pH value and heavy metal concentration of the two groups’leachate tended to be stable until the experiment lasted about 120 days,and the final pH value of them were close to each other.However,in the group of deionized water,the amount of cumulative leaching of Pb and Cr were significantly higher than that of CH_3COOH-CH_3COONa solution,and the leaching concentration of Pb(0.29mg/L)even once exceeded the landfill entry limit,which should be concerned for the potential risk.
A dynamic leaching experiment was established using CH_3COOH-CH_3COONa solution with a pH of 5.5 and deionized water with a pH of 7.0 as initial leach liquor,aiming at studying the long-term leaching behavior of fly ash solidified body in the domestic waste sanitary landfill site.The difference in pH of the initial leach liquor would affect the structural integrity and the formation of crystal on the surface of fly ash solidified body.When CH_3COOH-CH_3COONa solution was used,the fly ash solidified body would be broken during the experiment.While deionized water was used,CaCO_3 crystals formed on the surface of fly ash solidified body would inhibit the leaching of heavy metals.Both pH value and heavy metal concentration of the two groups’leachate tended to be stable until the experiment lasted about 120 days,and the final pH value of them were close to each other.However,in the group of deionized water,the amount of cumulative leaching of Pb and Cr were significantly higher than that of CH_3COOH-CH_3COONa solution,and the leaching concentration of Pb(0.29mg/L)even once exceeded the landfill entry limit,which should be concerned for the potential risk.
引文
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[8]Ecke H,Sakanakura H,Matsuto T,et al.State-of-the-art treatment processes for municipal solid waste incineration residues in Japan[J].Waste Management and Research,2000,18(1):41-51.
[9]彭华平,彭佳,熊祖鸿,等.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化处理研究[J].山东工业技术,2015,4(78):271-272.Peng Huaping,Peng Jia,Xiong Zuhong,et al.Solidification treatment of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration[J].Shandong Industrial Technology,2015,4(78):271-272.
[10]Rémond S,Pimienta P,Bentz D P.Effects of the incorporation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in cement pastes and mortars I Experimental study[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(2):303-311.
[11]Rémond S,Bentz D P,Pimienta P.Effects of the incorporation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in cement pastes and mortars II:Modeling[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(4):565-576.
[12]Aubert J E,Husson B,Sarramone N.Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash in blended cement:Part 2.Mechanical strength of mortars and environmental impact[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,146(1/2):12-19.
[13]Weibel G,Eggenberger U,Schlumberger S,et al.Chemical associations and mobilization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration[J].Waste Management,2017,62:147-159.
[14]HJ/T 300-2007固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法[S].HJ/T 300-2007Solid waste-Extraction procedure for leching toxicityAcetic acid buffer solution method[S].
[15]US Environmental Protection Agency.SW-846,Method 1311toxicity characteristics leaching procedure(TCLP)[S].
[16]尚宁,王海洋,吴华南,等.垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥固化体的抗压强度和浸出性研究[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):3207-3214.Shang Ning,Wang Haiyang,Wu Huanan,et al.Study of compressive strength and leachability of cement mortars containing municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(6):3207-3214.
[17]陈林.焚烧飞灰用于沥青路面中面层污染物溶出规律及风险评估[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2016:22-23.Chen Lin.Fly ash used in asphalt pavement surface contaminants dissolution law and risk assessment[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2016:22-23.
[18]Hassan M M,Khalid H.Mechanical and environmental characteristics of bituminous mixtures with incinerator bottom ash aggregates[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2010,11(2):83-94.
[19]何品晶,吴长淋,章骅,等.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰及其稳定化产物的长期浸出行为[J].环境化学,2008,27(6):786-790.He Pinjing,Wu Changlin,Zhang Hua,et al.Long-term leaching behavior of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration and its stabilized products[J].Environmental Chemistry,2008,27(6):786-790.
[20]Hyks J,Astrup T,Christensen T H.Long-term leaching from MSWIair-pollution-control residues:Leaching characterization and modeling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,162(1):80-91.21.
[21]GB5086.1-1997固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法--翻转法[S].GB5086.1-1997 Test method standard for leaching toxicity of solid wastes--Roll over leaching procedure[S].
[22]章骅,何品晶,刘星,等.静态浸出测试评价飞灰及其处理产物的局限性[J].上海交通大学学报,2008,42(9):1474-1478.Zhang Hua,He Pinjing,Liu Xing,et al.Limitation of static leaching test for evaluating leaching toxicity of the raw and treated air pollution control residues[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2008,42(9):1474-1478.
[23]肖峰.浅谈垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺和方式[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(8):187-191.Xiao Feng.Preliminary discussion on the treatment arts and method of landfill leachate[J].Environmental Science and Management,2008,33(8):187-191.
[24]GB7023-1986放射性废物固化体长期浸出实验[S].GB7023-1986 Long-term leach testing of solidified radioactive waste forms[S].
[25]Lombardi F,Mangialardi T,Piga L,et al.Mechanical and leaching properties of cement solid wasted hospital solid waste incinerator fly ash[J].Waste Management,1998,18:99-106.
[26]陈启.高碱性废液工业尾气曝气过程中重金属沉淀特性[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2016:21-25.Chen Qi.Precipitation characteristics of heavy metals in highly alkaline wastewater by industrial exhaust gas bubbling[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Aerospace University,2016:21-25.
[27]李建陶,曾鸣,杜兵,等.垃圾焚烧飞灰药剂稳定化矿物学特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4188-4194.Li Jiantao,Zeng Ming,Du Bing,et al.Mineralogical characteristics of MSWI fly ash stabilized by chemical reagents[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(11):4188-4194.
[28]袁胜.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属的淋滤实验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013:31-43.Yuan Sheng.Study on the leaching of heavy metals of solid waste incineration fly ash[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013:31-43.
[29]Cartledge F K,Butler L G,Chalasani D,et al.Immobilization mechanisms in solidifiction/stabilization of cadmium and lead salts using Portland cement fixing agents[J].Environ Sci Technol,1990,24(6):867-873.
[30]Komonweeraket K,Cetin B,Benson C H,et al.Leaching characteristics of toxic constituents from coal fly ash mixed soils under the influence of pH[J].Waste Management,2015,38(1):174-184.
[31]赵友杰,孙英杰,范新秀,等.渗滤液浸沥下稳定化飞灰中重金属的浸出行为[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(4):1411-1416.Zhao Youjie,Sun Yingjie,Fan Xinxiu,et al.Leaching characteristics of heavy metals by landfill leachate from stabilized MSWI fly ash[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(4):1411-1416.
[32]Weibel G,Eggenberger U,Schlumberger S,et al.Chemical associations and mobilization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration[J].Waste Management,2017,62:147-159.
[2]徐颖,陈玉,冯岳阳.重金属螯合剂处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术[J].化工学报,2013,64(5):1833-1839.Xu Ying,Chen Yu,Feng Yueyang.Stabilization technology in treating municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using heavy metal chelating agent[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(5):1833-1839.
[3]解强,沈吉敏,张宪生,等.模化城市生活垃圾衍生燃料制备及热解特性的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2003,31(5):471-475.Xie Qiang,Shen Jimin,Zhang Xiansheng,et al.Reparation and pyrolysis characteristics of fuel derived from municipal solid waste(MSW)[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2003,31(5):471-475.
[4]Zhang H Y,Zhao Y C,Qi J Y.Characterization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators in Shanghai[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2010,88(2):114-124.
[5]阮煜,宗达,陈志良,等.水热法协同处置不同垃圾焚烧炉飞灰及其机理[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(7):2602-2608.Ruan Yu,Zong Da,Chen Zhiliang,et al.Co-hydrothermal processing for stabilize of different waste incinerator fly ash and its mechanism[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(7):2602-2608.
[6]GB 16889-2008生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准[S].GB 16889-2008Standard for pollution control an the landfill site of municipal solid waste[S].
[7]徐林智,孙青,张俭,等.垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化与资源化现状及发展趋势[J].环境保护前沿,2017,7(5):414-422.Xu Linzhi,Sun Qing,Zhang Jian,et al.Status and development trend of harmless and resourceful disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J].Advances in Environmental Protection,2017,7(5):414-422.
[8]Ecke H,Sakanakura H,Matsuto T,et al.State-of-the-art treatment processes for municipal solid waste incineration residues in Japan[J].Waste Management and Research,2000,18(1):41-51.
[9]彭华平,彭佳,熊祖鸿,等.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化处理研究[J].山东工业技术,2015,4(78):271-272.Peng Huaping,Peng Jia,Xiong Zuhong,et al.Solidification treatment of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration[J].Shandong Industrial Technology,2015,4(78):271-272.
[10]Rémond S,Pimienta P,Bentz D P.Effects of the incorporation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in cement pastes and mortars I Experimental study[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(2):303-311.
[11]Rémond S,Bentz D P,Pimienta P.Effects of the incorporation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in cement pastes and mortars II:Modeling[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(4):565-576.
[12]Aubert J E,Husson B,Sarramone N.Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash in blended cement:Part 2.Mechanical strength of mortars and environmental impact[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,146(1/2):12-19.
[13]Weibel G,Eggenberger U,Schlumberger S,et al.Chemical associations and mobilization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration[J].Waste Management,2017,62:147-159.
[14]HJ/T 300-2007固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法[S].HJ/T 300-2007Solid waste-Extraction procedure for leching toxicityAcetic acid buffer solution method[S].
[15]US Environmental Protection Agency.SW-846,Method 1311toxicity characteristics leaching procedure(TCLP)[S].
[16]尚宁,王海洋,吴华南,等.垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥固化体的抗压强度和浸出性研究[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):3207-3214.Shang Ning,Wang Haiyang,Wu Huanan,et al.Study of compressive strength and leachability of cement mortars containing municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(6):3207-3214.
[17]陈林.焚烧飞灰用于沥青路面中面层污染物溶出规律及风险评估[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2016:22-23.Chen Lin.Fly ash used in asphalt pavement surface contaminants dissolution law and risk assessment[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2016:22-23.
[18]Hassan M M,Khalid H.Mechanical and environmental characteristics of bituminous mixtures with incinerator bottom ash aggregates[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2010,11(2):83-94.
[19]何品晶,吴长淋,章骅,等.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰及其稳定化产物的长期浸出行为[J].环境化学,2008,27(6):786-790.He Pinjing,Wu Changlin,Zhang Hua,et al.Long-term leaching behavior of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration and its stabilized products[J].Environmental Chemistry,2008,27(6):786-790.
[20]Hyks J,Astrup T,Christensen T H.Long-term leaching from MSWIair-pollution-control residues:Leaching characterization and modeling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,162(1):80-91.21.
[21]GB5086.1-1997固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法--翻转法[S].GB5086.1-1997 Test method standard for leaching toxicity of solid wastes--Roll over leaching procedure[S].
[22]章骅,何品晶,刘星,等.静态浸出测试评价飞灰及其处理产物的局限性[J].上海交通大学学报,2008,42(9):1474-1478.Zhang Hua,He Pinjing,Liu Xing,et al.Limitation of static leaching test for evaluating leaching toxicity of the raw and treated air pollution control residues[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2008,42(9):1474-1478.
[23]肖峰.浅谈垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺和方式[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(8):187-191.Xiao Feng.Preliminary discussion on the treatment arts and method of landfill leachate[J].Environmental Science and Management,2008,33(8):187-191.
[24]GB7023-1986放射性废物固化体长期浸出实验[S].GB7023-1986 Long-term leach testing of solidified radioactive waste forms[S].
[25]Lombardi F,Mangialardi T,Piga L,et al.Mechanical and leaching properties of cement solid wasted hospital solid waste incinerator fly ash[J].Waste Management,1998,18:99-106.
[26]陈启.高碱性废液工业尾气曝气过程中重金属沉淀特性[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2016:21-25.Chen Qi.Precipitation characteristics of heavy metals in highly alkaline wastewater by industrial exhaust gas bubbling[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Aerospace University,2016:21-25.
[27]李建陶,曾鸣,杜兵,等.垃圾焚烧飞灰药剂稳定化矿物学特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4188-4194.Li Jiantao,Zeng Ming,Du Bing,et al.Mineralogical characteristics of MSWI fly ash stabilized by chemical reagents[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(11):4188-4194.
[28]袁胜.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属的淋滤实验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013:31-43.Yuan Sheng.Study on the leaching of heavy metals of solid waste incineration fly ash[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013:31-43.
[29]Cartledge F K,Butler L G,Chalasani D,et al.Immobilization mechanisms in solidifiction/stabilization of cadmium and lead salts using Portland cement fixing agents[J].Environ Sci Technol,1990,24(6):867-873.
[30]Komonweeraket K,Cetin B,Benson C H,et al.Leaching characteristics of toxic constituents from coal fly ash mixed soils under the influence of pH[J].Waste Management,2015,38(1):174-184.
[31]赵友杰,孙英杰,范新秀,等.渗滤液浸沥下稳定化飞灰中重金属的浸出行为[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(4):1411-1416.Zhao Youjie,Sun Yingjie,Fan Xinxiu,et al.Leaching characteristics of heavy metals by landfill leachate from stabilized MSWI fly ash[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(4):1411-1416.
[32]Weibel G,Eggenberger U,Schlumberger S,et al.Chemical associations and mobilization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration[J].Waste Management,2017,62:147-159.
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