基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像的中国东部沿海地区城市扩展动态监测
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摘要
美国国防气象卫星搭载的业务性线性传感器(DMSP/OLS)所获取的夜间灯光影像数据,能够客观地反映人类对城市建成区的开发建设范围与强度,已广泛地应用于城市扩展的动态监测。本文利用不变目标区域法对长时间序列DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像进行辐射校正,基于校正后的影像对2001-2013年中国东部沿海地区的城市建成区范围进行提取,结果表明:①建成区面积从2001年的7550 km~2,增加到2013年的21 650 km~2,共扩展了14 100 km~2,虽然建成区面积呈逐年增加的趋势,但其扩展速率则在逐步减缓,城市重心逐渐向南转移;②在空间上形成了京津唐、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲3城市群,研究发现京津唐的中小城市面临难以获得发展资源的问题,导致了该地区发展的不平衡;③综合分析建成区扩展和经济统计数据,结果表明人口和经济是建成区扩展的主要驱动因子,但同时城市快速扩展也给东部沿海地区带来了一定程度的用地浪费问题;④由于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像受到自身空间分辨率的限制和灯光过饱和的影响,易造成城市建成区边缘细节部分的错提。新一代Suomi NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光影像在空间和光谱分辨率上均有较大提高,在后续的研究中应充分挖掘其数据优势,以期提供更加精准的城市扩展动态监测。
The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime light(NTL) imagery can objectively reflect the impacts of human activities on the scope and intensity of urban built-up areas. Therefore, the DMSP/OLS imagery have been widely used in monitoring urban expansion dynamics. In this paper, the invariant region method was used to calibrate the DMSP/OLS time series NTL imagery. Then, we used the calibrated DMSP/OLS imagery to extract the urban built-up areas in China's east coast from 2001 to 2013. The result shows that the built-up areas in China's east coast increased from 7550 km~2 in 2001 to 21 650 km~2 in 2013, with a net increase of 14 100 km~2. Although the built-up areas have increased year by year, the increase rate has slowed down. The gravity center of the built-up areas has gradually moved south. The Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta are the three major urban agglomerations in the east coast. The Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area was unbalanced in regional development, where the small and medium sized cities faced shortage of development resources. The relationship between urban expansion and economic growth was explored. We conclude that population and economy are the two main driving factors for the expansion of urban built-up areas in China's east coast. The rapid urban growth in China's east coast has caused land resource waste to a certain extent. Moreover, we also found that the edges of urban built-up areas were easily mis-extracted, due to the coarse spatial resolution and saturation problem in DMSP/OLS NTL imagery. The new generation of Suomi NPP/VIIRS NTL imagery has greatly improved in spatial and spectral resolutions. In future studies, the advantages of Suomi NPP/VIIRS should be fully explored to provide more accurate monitoring of urban expansion dynamics.
The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime light(NTL) imagery can objectively reflect the impacts of human activities on the scope and intensity of urban built-up areas. Therefore, the DMSP/OLS imagery have been widely used in monitoring urban expansion dynamics. In this paper, the invariant region method was used to calibrate the DMSP/OLS time series NTL imagery. Then, we used the calibrated DMSP/OLS imagery to extract the urban built-up areas in China's east coast from 2001 to 2013. The result shows that the built-up areas in China's east coast increased from 7550 km~2 in 2001 to 21 650 km~2 in 2013, with a net increase of 14 100 km~2. Although the built-up areas have increased year by year, the increase rate has slowed down. The gravity center of the built-up areas has gradually moved south. The Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta are the three major urban agglomerations in the east coast. The Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area was unbalanced in regional development, where the small and medium sized cities faced shortage of development resources. The relationship between urban expansion and economic growth was explored. We conclude that population and economy are the two main driving factors for the expansion of urban built-up areas in China's east coast. The rapid urban growth in China's east coast has caused land resource waste to a certain extent. Moreover, we also found that the edges of urban built-up areas were easily mis-extracted, due to the coarse spatial resolution and saturation problem in DMSP/OLS NTL imagery. The new generation of Suomi NPP/VIIRS NTL imagery has greatly improved in spatial and spectral resolutions. In future studies, the advantages of Suomi NPP/VIIRS should be fully explored to provide more accurate monitoring of urban expansion dynamics.
引文
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[16]Letu H,Hara M,Yagi H,et al.Estimating the energy consumption with nighttime city light from the DMSP/OLSimagery[J].Urban Remote Sensing Event,2009,1-3:1364-1370.
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[18]Wu J,He S,Peng J,et al.Intercalibration of DMSP-OLSnight-time light data by the invariant region method[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(20):7356-7368.
[19]Liu Z,He C,Zhang Q,et al.Extracting the dynamics of urban expansion in China using DMSP-OLS nighttime light data from 1992 to 2008[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2012,106(1):62-72.
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[21]何春阳,史培军,李景刚,等.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据和统计数据的中国大陆20世纪90年代城市化空间过程重建研究[J].科学通报,2006,51(7):856-861.
[22]Zhang Q,Seto K C.Mapping urbanization dynamics at regional and global scales using multi-temporal DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(9):2320-2329.
[23]赵敏,程维明.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的城市空间扩展研究综述[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2015(3):64-68.[Zhao M,Cheng W M.Overview of researches based on urban expansion via DMSP/OLS night-time light data[J].Geomatics and Spatial Information Technology,2015(3):64-68.]
[24]Imhoff M L,Lawrence W T,Stutzer D C,et al.A technique for using composite DMSP/OLS“City Lights”satellite data to map urban area[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,61(3):361-370.
[25]Milesi C,Elvidge C D,Nemani R R,et al.Assessing the impact of urban land development on net primary productivity in the Southeastern United States[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,86(3):401-410.
[26]Henderson M,Yeh E T,Gong P,et al.Validation of urban boundaries derived from global night-time satellite imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,24(3):595-609.
[27]Small C,Pozzi F,Elvidge C D.Spatial analysis of global urban extent from DMSP-OLS night lights[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,96(3-4):277-291.
[28]Cao X,Chen J,Imura H,et al.A SVM-based method to extract urban areas from DMSP-OLS and SPOT VGT data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(10):2205-2209.
[29]中华人民共和国国家统计局.分省年度数据[OL].http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103,2015.[National Bureau of Statistics.Annual by Province[OL].http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103,2015.]
[30]林中立,徐涵秋,陈弘.我国东部沿海三大城市群热岛变化及其与城市群发展的关系[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(10):1695-1704.[Lin Z L,Xu H Q,Chen H.Urban heat island change and its relationship to the urbanization of three major urban agglomerations in China's eastern coastal region[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(10):1695-1704.]
[31]Hu Y,Peng J,Liu Y,et al.Mapping development pattern in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(7):760.
[32]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/,2019.[National Bureau of Statistics.China Statistical Yearbook[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/,2019.]
[33]徐涵秋.近30a来福州盆地中心的城市扩展进程[J].地理科学,2011(3):351-357.[Xu H Q.Urban expansion process in the center of the Fuzhou basin southeast China in1976-2006[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011(3):351-357.]
[2]Schneider A,Friedl M A,Potere D.A new map of global urban extent from MODIS satellite data[J].Environmental Research Letters,2009,4(4):044003.
[3]施利锋,张增祥,刘芳,等.1973年-2013年经济特区城市空间扩展遥感监测[J].遥感学报,2015,19(6):1030-1039.[Shi L F,Zhang Z X,Liu F,et al.Spatial expansion remote sensing monitoring of special economic zones from1973 to 2013[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2015,19(6):1030-1039.]
[4]Kuang W,Liu J,Dong J,et al.The rapid and massive urban and industrial land expansions in China between1990 and 2010:A CLUD-based analysis of their trajectories,patterns,and drivers[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2016,145:21-33.
[5]Wen Q,Zhang Z,Shi L,et al.Extraction of basic trends of urban expansion in China over past 40 years from satellite images[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2016,26(2):129-142.
[6]Elvidge C D.Mapping city lights with nighttime data from the DMSP Operational Linescan System[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1997,63(6):727-734.
[7]Croft T A.Nighttime images of the Earth from space[J].Scientific American,1978,239(1):86-98.
[8]刘沁萍,杨永春,付冬暇,等.基于DMSP_OLS灯光数据的1992-2010年中国城市空间扩张研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):129-136.[Liu Q P,Yang Y C,Fu D X,et al.Urban spatial expansion based on DMSP_OLS nighttime light data in China in 1992-2010[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(2):129-136.]
[9]Wu J,Ma L,Li W,et al.Dynamics of urban density in China:Estimations based on DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2014,7(10):4266-4275.
[10]Zhou Y,Smith S J,Zhao K,et al.A global map of urban extent from nightlights[J].Environmental Research Letters,2015,10(5):054011.
[11]Gao B,Huang Q,He C,et al.How does sprawl differ across cities in China?A multi-scale investigation using nighttime light and census data[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2016,148(41):89-98.
[12]陈昕,彭建,刘焱序,等.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的京津冀地区城市空间扩展与空间关联测度[J].地理研究,2018,37(5):898-909.[Chen X,Peng J,Liu Y X,et al.Measuring spatial expansion and correlations of cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].Geographicla Research,2018,37(5):898-909.]
[13]Elvidge C D,Safran J,Tuttle B,et al.Potential for global mapping of development via a nightsat mission[J].Geojournal,2007,69(1-2):45-53.
[14]Elvidge C D,Ziskin D,Baugh K E,et al.A fifteen year record of global natural gas flaring derived from satellite data[J].Energies,2009,2(3):595-622.
[15]曹子阳,吴志峰,匡耀求,等.DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像中国区域的校正及应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(9):1092-1102.[Cao Z Y,Wu Z F,Kuang Y Q,et al.Correction of DMSP/OLS night-time light images and its application in China[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2015,17(9):1092-1102.]
[16]Letu H,Hara M,Yagi H,et al.Estimating the energy consumption with nighttime city light from the DMSP/OLSimagery[J].Urban Remote Sensing Event,2009,1-3:1364-1370.
[17]Raupach M R,Rayner P J,Paget M.Regional variations in spatial structure of nightlights,population density and fossil-fuel CO emissions[J].Energy Policy,2010,38(9):4756-4764.
[18]Wu J,He S,Peng J,et al.Intercalibration of DMSP-OLSnight-time light data by the invariant region method[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(20):7356-7368.
[19]Liu Z,He C,Zhang Q,et al.Extracting the dynamics of urban expansion in China using DMSP-OLS nighttime light data from 1992 to 2008[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2012,106(1):62-72.
[20]中国人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.[National Bureau of Statistics.China Statistical Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2018.]
[21]何春阳,史培军,李景刚,等.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据和统计数据的中国大陆20世纪90年代城市化空间过程重建研究[J].科学通报,2006,51(7):856-861.
[22]Zhang Q,Seto K C.Mapping urbanization dynamics at regional and global scales using multi-temporal DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(9):2320-2329.
[23]赵敏,程维明.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的城市空间扩展研究综述[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2015(3):64-68.[Zhao M,Cheng W M.Overview of researches based on urban expansion via DMSP/OLS night-time light data[J].Geomatics and Spatial Information Technology,2015(3):64-68.]
[24]Imhoff M L,Lawrence W T,Stutzer D C,et al.A technique for using composite DMSP/OLS“City Lights”satellite data to map urban area[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,61(3):361-370.
[25]Milesi C,Elvidge C D,Nemani R R,et al.Assessing the impact of urban land development on net primary productivity in the Southeastern United States[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,86(3):401-410.
[26]Henderson M,Yeh E T,Gong P,et al.Validation of urban boundaries derived from global night-time satellite imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,24(3):595-609.
[27]Small C,Pozzi F,Elvidge C D.Spatial analysis of global urban extent from DMSP-OLS night lights[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,96(3-4):277-291.
[28]Cao X,Chen J,Imura H,et al.A SVM-based method to extract urban areas from DMSP-OLS and SPOT VGT data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(10):2205-2209.
[29]中华人民共和国国家统计局.分省年度数据[OL].http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103,2015.[National Bureau of Statistics.Annual by Province[OL].http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103,2015.]
[30]林中立,徐涵秋,陈弘.我国东部沿海三大城市群热岛变化及其与城市群发展的关系[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(10):1695-1704.[Lin Z L,Xu H Q,Chen H.Urban heat island change and its relationship to the urbanization of three major urban agglomerations in China's eastern coastal region[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(10):1695-1704.]
[31]Hu Y,Peng J,Liu Y,et al.Mapping development pattern in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(7):760.
[32]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/,2019.[National Bureau of Statistics.China Statistical Yearbook[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/,2019.]
[33]徐涵秋.近30a来福州盆地中心的城市扩展进程[J].地理科学,2011(3):351-357.[Xu H Q.Urban expansion process in the center of the Fuzhou basin southeast China in1976-2006[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011(3):351-357.]
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