1985年以来我国重大水体突发污染事件及在线生物监测的必要性分析
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摘要
通过查阅和检索公开报道的期刊、报纸和网络,统计分析我国1985以来水体突发污染事件。1985—2015年间,我国水体突发污染事件年均发生数量总体变化呈现先动态增长后逐渐下降的趋势,其中2006年为水体突发性污染事件发生频次的转折点。导致水体突发性污染的主要原因包括企业违规排放、企业事故性泄漏、交通事故、自然因素和人为投毒等,污染方式多样。水体突发性污染的污染物种类包括化学品、污水(工业废水和生活污水)、油类、农药、重金属、生物污染物和其他不明污染物。鉴于水体突发性污染事件污染方式的多样性和污染物的复杂性,采用在线生物监测技术可实现对水体突发性污染事件在线监测与分析预警,已成为当前监测和评价水体突发污染事件有效手段。
The water pollution incidents from 1985 in China were statistically analyzed according to the public reports of journals, newspapers and networks. The average annual amounts of the water pollution incidents showed the trend of gradual decrease after dynamic growth from 1985 to 2015, and the year 2006 was the turning point.The main reasons for the water pollution incidents included illegal discharge, enterprise accident leakage, traffic ac-cident, natural factors and human factors, etc. The pollutants that caused the water pollution incidents included chemicals, sewage(industrial wastewater and domestic sewage), oil, pesticides, heavy metals, biological pollutants and other unknown contaminants. Therefore, on-line biomonitoring technology has become an effective method to monitor and evaluate water pollution incidents due to the diversity of pollution patterns and the complexity of pollutants.
The water pollution incidents from 1985 in China were statistically analyzed according to the public reports of journals, newspapers and networks. The average annual amounts of the water pollution incidents showed the trend of gradual decrease after dynamic growth from 1985 to 2015, and the year 2006 was the turning point.The main reasons for the water pollution incidents included illegal discharge, enterprise accident leakage, traffic ac-cident, natural factors and human factors, etc. The pollutants that caused the water pollution incidents included chemicals, sewage(industrial wastewater and domestic sewage), oil, pesticides, heavy metals, biological pollutants and other unknown contaminants. Therefore, on-line biomonitoring technology has become an effective method to monitor and evaluate water pollution incidents due to the diversity of pollution patterns and the complexity of pollutants.
引文
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[18]郭向楠,张勇.2007-2008年中国城乡饮用水源突发污染事件统计及分析[J].安全与环境学报,2009,9(3):185-194Guo X N,Zhang Y.Statistical analysis on the drinkingwater supply system pollution incidents in China during the period of 2007-2008[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2009,9(3):185-194(in Chinese)
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[22]欧芳兰,谭庆梅.那蒙江水污染事件应急监测的启示[J].城市建设理论研究:电子版,2013(20):1-4
[23]中国环保网.灭火与环保:熊掌与鱼能否兼得?[EB/OL].(2008-12-19)[2017-12-18].http://www.chinaenvironment.com/view/viewnews.aspx?k=20081219110932580
[24]王萍.水源保护区高速公路路面径流处理技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010:2Wang P.Study on treatment technology of expressway runoff in water source protection area[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2010:2(in Chinese)
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[26]常州晚报.苯乙烯泄漏污染长江水,第一水厂停产6小时[EB/OL].(2011-03-16)[2017-12-19].http://news.cz001.com.cn/2011-03/16/content_1487316.htm
[27]Hou Y,Zhang T Z.Evaluation of major polluting accidents in China-Results and perspectives[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,168(2-3):670-673
[28]刘砚华,魏复盛.关于突发性环境污染事故应急监测[J].中国环境监测,1995(5):59-62
[29]任玉辉,肖羽堂.浅谈突发性水污染事故应急体系的建设[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(12):10-13Ren Y H,Xiao Y T.Construction of emergency system for sudden water pollution accident[J].Environmental Science and Management,2007,32(12):10-13(in Chinese)
[30]Meel A,ONeill L M,Levin J H,et al.Operational risk assessment of chemical industries by exploiting accident databases[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2007,20(2):113-127
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