石羊河下游青土湖白刺灌丛水分来源及其对生态输水的响应
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摘要
通过测定人工湖面不同距离白刺灌丛生长季降水、土壤水、地下水、植物水的稳定氢氧同位素变化特征,结合IsoSource模型,定量分析了白刺灌丛生长季的水分利用策略。结果表明:随样地与人工湖面距离的增加,0-200m水平范围白刺灌丛各土层平均土壤水分逐渐减小,其中0m样地最高为10.02%,200m样地最小为5.24%,对250m-600m样地各土层平均土壤水分的影响不大。受蒸发及降水季节变化的影响,白刺灌丛0-70cm土壤水及其δ~(18)O变化剧烈。土壤水的δ~(18)O介于-8.78‰～16.39‰,平均值为0.14‰。地下水的δ~(18)O介于-4.19‰～-3.55‰,平均值为-3.89‰。降水的δ~(18)O介于-17.31‰～3.37‰,平均值为-6.36‰。湖水的δ~(18)O介于-1.84‰～11.66‰,平均值为3.02‰。木质部水的δ~(18)O介于-5.98‰～2.74‰,平均值为-3.59‰,各样地不同土层土壤水分δ~(18)O差异显著(P<0.05)。随样地与人工湖面距离的增加,白刺灌丛逐渐利用更深层次的土壤水及地下水。
Through measuring the characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope of precipitation, soil water, groundwater and plant water at different distances from the artificial lake surface, and combining with the IsoSource model, the water utilization strategy of N. tangutorum nebkhas in the growth season was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of the distance between the sample and the artificial lake surface, the soil moisture of the N. tangutorum nebkhas in the range of 0-200 m gradually decreases. The average soil moisture of the 0 m sample reaches the highest as 10.02%, and the 200 m sample is the lowest as 5.24%, meanwhile response of soil moisture in sample ranges 250-600 m is not obvious. Affected by seasonal change of evaporation and precipitation, soil water and its δ~(18)O ranges between 0-70 cm of N. tangutorum nebkhas change dramatically. The δ~(18)O of soil water ranges from-8.78‰ to 16.39‰, with an average of 0.14‰. The δ~(18)O of groundwater ranges from-4.19‰ to-3.55‰, with an average of-3.89‰. The δ~(18)O of precipitation ranges from-17.31‰ to 3.37‰, with an average of-6.36‰. The δ~(18)O of lake water ranges from-1.84‰ to 11.66‰, with an average of 3.02‰. The δ~(18)O of xylem water ranges from-5.98‰ to-2.74‰, with an average of-3.59‰. There are significant differences in soil moisture δ~(18)O among different soil layers(P<0.05). With the increase of distance between sample plot and artificial lake surface, N. tangutorum nebkhas gradually utilize deeper soil water and groundwater.
Through measuring the characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope of precipitation, soil water, groundwater and plant water at different distances from the artificial lake surface, and combining with the IsoSource model, the water utilization strategy of N. tangutorum nebkhas in the growth season was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of the distance between the sample and the artificial lake surface, the soil moisture of the N. tangutorum nebkhas in the range of 0-200 m gradually decreases. The average soil moisture of the 0 m sample reaches the highest as 10.02%, and the 200 m sample is the lowest as 5.24%, meanwhile response of soil moisture in sample ranges 250-600 m is not obvious. Affected by seasonal change of evaporation and precipitation, soil water and its δ~(18)O ranges between 0-70 cm of N. tangutorum nebkhas change dramatically. The δ~(18)O of soil water ranges from-8.78‰ to 16.39‰, with an average of 0.14‰. The δ~(18)O of groundwater ranges from-4.19‰ to-3.55‰, with an average of-3.89‰. The δ~(18)O of precipitation ranges from-17.31‰ to 3.37‰, with an average of-6.36‰. The δ~(18)O of lake water ranges from-1.84‰ to 11.66‰, with an average of 3.02‰. The δ~(18)O of xylem water ranges from-5.98‰ to-2.74‰, with an average of-3.59‰. There are significant differences in soil moisture δ~(18)O among different soil layers(P<0.05). With the increase of distance between sample plot and artificial lake surface, N. tangutorum nebkhas gradually utilize deeper soil water and groundwater.
引文
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[23] 李昌龙,李茂哉,汪杰,等.绿洲边缘白刺林退化植被恢复与重建技术研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(1):167-171.
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[25] 刘保清,刘志民,钱建强,等.科尔沁沙地南缘主要固沙植物旱季水分来源[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2093-2101.
[26] 王文,蒋文兰,谢忠奎,等.黄土丘陵地区唐古特白刺根际土壤水分与根系分布研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):20-28.
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[29] 郭京衡,李尝君,曾凡江,等.2种荒漠植物根系生物量分布与土壤水分、养分的关系[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):166-171.
[30] 邢星,陈辉,朱建佳,等.柴达木盆地诺木洪地区5种优势荒漠植物水分来源[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6277-6286.
[2] 戴岳,郑新军,唐立松,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭水分利用动态[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(11):1214-1225.
[3] 陈定帅,董正武,高磊,等.不同降水条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿和盐蒿的水分利用动态[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(12):1262-1272.
[4] 李嘉竹,刘贤赵.氢氧稳定同位素在SPAC水分循环中的应用研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):787-794.
[5] 孙双峰,黄建辉,林光辉,等.稳定同位素技术在植物水分利用研究中的应用[J].生态学报,2005,25(9):2362-2371.
[6] Ellsworth P Z,Williams D G.Hydrogen isotope fractionation during water uptake by woody xerophytes[J].Plant and Soil,2007,291(1):93-107.
[7] Schachtschneider K,February E C.The relationship between fog,floods,groundwater and tree growth along the lower Kuiseb River in the hyperarid Namib[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2010,74(12):1632-1637.
[8] Phillips D L,Gregg J W.Source partitioning using stable isotopes:coping with too many sources[J].Oecologia,2003,136(2):261-269.
[9] Phillips D L,Newsome S D,Gregg J W.Combining sources in stable isotope mixing models:alternative methods[J].Oecologia,2005,144(4):520-527.
[10] Lin G H,Da S L,Sternberg L.Utilization of surface water by red mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle L.):An isotopic study[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,54:94-102.
[11] 张江,李桂芳,贺亚玲,等.基于稳定同位素技术的塔里木河下游不同林龄胡杨的水分利用来源[J].生物多样性,2018,26(6):564-571.
[12] 李均力,包安明,胡汝骥,等.亚洲中部干旱区湖泊的地域分异性研究[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(6):941-950.
[13] 马龙,吴敬禄,吉力力·阿不都外力.30多年来柴窝堡湖演化特征及其环境效应[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(4):649-653.
[14] 吴敬禄,马龙.新疆干旱区湖泊演化及其气候水文特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(2):135-143.
[15] 任昱,高永,虞毅,等.乌兰布和沙漠湖泊变化与气候关系[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(1):168-174.
[16] 蔡燕凤,张虎才,王强,等.近7ka以来甘肃民勤青土湖沉积中的介形类及环境演化[J].微体古生物学报,2013,30(3):263-274.
[17] 张晓丽,陶海璇.浅谈民勤县青土湖湿地演变及保护对策[J].甘肃科技,2011,27(7):7-9.
[18] 吴敬禄,马龙,吉力力·阿不都外力.中亚干旱区咸海的湖面变化及其环境效应[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(3):418-422.
[19] 刘淑娟,袁宏波,李发明,等.青土湖水面形成区土壤颗粒组成与化学特性变化[J].草业科学,2015,32(12):1953-1959.
[20] 董志玲,徐先英,金红喜,等.生态输水对石羊河尾闾湖区植被的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(7):101-106.
[21] 刘淑娟,马剑平,刘世增,等.青土湖水面形成过程对荒漠植物多样性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):27-32.
[22] 陈政融,刘世增,刘淑娟,等.芦苇和白刺空间格局对青土湖生态输水的响应[J].草业科学,2015,32(12):1960-1968.
[23] 李昌龙,李茂哉,汪杰,等.绿洲边缘白刺林退化植被恢复与重建技术研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(1):167-171.
[24] 王月,李程,李爱德,等.白刺沙堆退化与土壤水分的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1407-1421.
[25] 刘保清,刘志民,钱建强,等.科尔沁沙地南缘主要固沙植物旱季水分来源[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2093-2101.
[26] 王文,蒋文兰,谢忠奎,等.黄土丘陵地区唐古特白刺根际土壤水分与根系分布研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):20-28.
[27] 孙祥,于卓.白刺根系的研究[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(4):53-57.
[28] 杜建会,严平,俄有浩,等.强降雨事件对不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤水分的影响[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(6):20-24.
[29] 郭京衡,李尝君,曾凡江,等.2种荒漠植物根系生物量分布与土壤水分、养分的关系[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):166-171.
[30] 邢星,陈辉,朱建佳,等.柴达木盆地诺木洪地区5种优势荒漠植物水分来源[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6277-6286.
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