寒武纪早期澄江生物群小细丝海绵属新材料
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摘要
文章描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群小细丝海绵属一新种——螺旋小细丝海绵(Leptomitella spiralis sp. nov.)。新种具有横向骨针束围绕海绵体呈螺旋状排列的典型特征,明显区别于属内其他种;此外,在外部形态和骨针类型上与属内其他种也存在较大差异。新种的发现增加了Leptomitella种间形态结构的多样性,也为海绵动物的早期演化及寒武纪海绵动物辐射演化研究提供新的化石资料。
This paper presents descriptions of Leptomitella spiralis sp. nov. from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, Yunnan Province, China. The most typical character of L. spiralis sp. nov. is that the horizontal spicule bundles were spirally arranged around the sponge body. Additionally, there are obvious distinctions in the external morphology and the types of spicules between L. spiralis sp.nov. and other species within Leptomitella. New information obtained from L. spiralis sp. nov. increases the diversity of morphological structure of Leptomitella, and also provides new data for exploring the early evolution and radiation of sponges in the Cambrian period.
This paper presents descriptions of Leptomitella spiralis sp. nov. from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, Yunnan Province, China. The most typical character of L. spiralis sp. nov. is that the horizontal spicule bundles were spirally arranged around the sponge body. Additionally, there are obvious distinctions in the external morphology and the types of spicules between L. spiralis sp.nov. and other species within Leptomitella. New information obtained from L. spiralis sp. nov. increases the diversity of morphological structure of Leptomitella, and also provides new data for exploring the early evolution and radiation of sponges in the Cambrian period.
引文
陈均远,侯先光,路浩之.1989.云南澄江下寒武统细丝海绵化石[J].古生物学报,28(1):17-31.
陈均远,周桂琴,朱茂炎,等.1996.澄江生物群——寒武纪大爆发的见证[M].台北:国立自然科学博物馆.
陈均远.2004.动物世界的黎明[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社.
陈爱林.2015.云南澄江生物群多孔动物系统古生物学[D].昆明:云南大学:1-222.
侯先光,杨·伯格斯琼,王海峰,等.1999.澄江动物群——5.3亿年前的海洋动物[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.
胡世学,朱茂炎,罗惠麟,等.2013.关山生物群[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.
焦国祥,韩健.2013.云南下寒武统澄江生物群中细丝海绵新种类研究[J].地下水,35(2):176-179.
罗惠麟,胡世学,陈良忠,等.1999.昆明地区的早寒武世澄江动物群[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.
王圆,杨兴莲,赵元龙,等.2017.贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”海绵化石初步研究[J].古生物学报,56(2):176-188.
杨兴莲,赵元龙.2000.贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组生物群中的海绵化石[J].贵州工业大学学报,29(6):30-36.
杨兴莲,赵元龙,朱茂炎,等.2010.贵州丹寨寒武系牛蹄塘组海绵动物化石及其环境背景[J].古生物学报,49(3):348-359.
詹仁斌.1989.云南澄江早寒武世海绵化石的初步研究[D].南京:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所:1-153.
赵方臣,朱茂炎,胡世学.2010.云南寒武纪早期澄江动物群古群落分析[J].中国科学(D辑),40(9):1135-1153.
周传明,袁训来,薛耀松.1998.贵州瓮安上震旦统陡山沱组骨针状假化石[J].微体古生物学报,15(4):380-384.
武雯.2004.云南早寒武世澄江动物群中海绵化石研究[D].南京:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所:1-181.
Bengtson S,Conway Morris S,Cooper B J,et al.1990.Early Cambrian fossils from south Australia[M].Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists,9:1-364.
Botting J P,Muir L A,Xiao S H,et al.2012.Evidence for spicule homology in calcareous and siliceous sponges:biminerallic spicules in Lenica sp.from the Early Cambrian of South China[J].Lethaia,45(4):463-475.
Chen A L,Muller W E G,Hou X G,et al.2015.New articulated protospongiid sponges from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota[J].Palaeoworld,24(1):46-54.
Chang S, Feng Q L,Clausen S,et al.2017.Sponge spicules from the lower Cambrian in the Yanjiahe Formation,South China:The earliest biomineralizing sponge record[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoc:limatology,Palaeoecology,474:36-44.
Dohrmann M and Woheide G.2017.Dating early animal evolution usingphylogenomic data[J].Scientific Reports,7:3599.
Erwin D H,Laflamme M,Tweedt S M,et al.2011.The Cambrian conundrum:early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals[J].Science,334(6059):1091-1097.
Hou X G,David J S,Derek J S,et al.2017.The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang,China.The flowering of early animal life,Second Edition[M].Wiley Blackwell:1-316.
Li C W, Chen J Y and Hua T E.1998.Precambrian Sponges with Cellular Structures[J].Science,279(5352):879-882.
Love G D,Grosjean E,Stalvies C,et al.2009.Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the Cryogenian period[J].Nature,457:718-721.
Muscente A D,Michel F M,Dale J G,et al.2015.Assessing the veracity of Precambrian'sponge'fossils using in situ nanoscale analytical techniques[J].Precambrian Research,263:142-156.
Rigby J K.1983.Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Marjum limestone from the House Range and Drum Mountains of western Millard County,Utah[J].Journal of Paleontology,57(2):240-270.
Rigby J K.1986.Sponges of the Burgess Shale(Middle Cambrian),British Columbia[J].Palaeontographica Canadiana,2:1-105.
Rigby J K and Church S B.1990.A new Middle Cambrian Hexactinellid,Ratcliffespongia wheeleri,from western Utah,and skeletal structure of Ratcliffespongia[J].Journal of Paleontology,64(3):331-334.
Rigby J K and Hou X G.1995.Lower Cambrian demosponges and hexactinellid sponges from Yunnan,China[J].Journal of Paleontology,69(6):1009-1019.
Rigby J K and Collins D H.2004.Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations,British Columbia[M].Royal Ontario Museum Contributions in Science 1:1-156.
Rigby J K,Church S B and Anderson N K.2010.Middle Cambrian Sponges from the Drum Mountains and House Range in Western Utah[J].Journal of Paleontology,84(1):66-78.
Steiner M,Mehl D,Reitner J,et al.1993.Oldest entirely preserved sponges and other fossils from the Lowermost Cambrian and a new facies reconstruction of the Yangtze platform(China)[J].Berliner Geowissenshaftliche Abhandlungen,9:293-329.
Shu D G and the Team.2014.Ancestors from Cambrian Explosion[M].Northwe st University Press:1-505.
Sperling E A,Pisani D and Peterson K J.2007.Poriferan paraphyly and its implications for Precambrian palaeobiology[J].In The Rise and Fall of Ediacaran Biota.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,286:355-368.
Sperling E A,Robinson J M,Pisani D,et al.2010.Where's the glass?Biomarkers,molecular clock,and microRN As suggest a 200-Myr missing Precambrian fossil record of siliceous sponge spicules[J].Ceobiology,8:24-36.
Walcott C D.1920.Middle Cambrian Spongiae,Cambrian Geology and Paleontology[J].Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,67:261-264.
Wu W,Zhu M Y and Steiner M.2014.Composition and tiering of the Cambrian sponge communities[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,398:86-96.
Xiao S H,Ha J,Yuan X L,et al.2005.Articulated sponges from the LowerCambrian Hetang Formation in southern Anhui,South China:their age and implications for the early evolution of sponges[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,220:89-1 17.
Yang X L,Zhao Y L,Babcock L E,et al.2017.A new vauxiid sponge from the Kaili Biota(Cambrian Stage 5),Guizhou,South China[J].Geologic al Magazine,154(6):1334-1343.
Yuan X L,Xiao S H,Parsley R L,et al.2002.Towering sponges in an Early Cambrian Lagerstatte:Disparity between nonbilaterian and bilaterian epifaunal tierers at the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian transition[J].Geology,30:363-366.
Yin Z J,Zhu M Y,Davidson E H,et al.2015.Sponge grade body fossil with cellular resolution dating 60 Myr before the Cambrian[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,112(12):1453-1460.
Zhang X G and Pratt B R.1994.New and extraordinary Early Cambrian sponge spicule assemblage from China[J].Ge ology,22(1):43-46.
Zhao F C,Caron J B,Bottjer D J,et al.2014.Diversity and species abundance patterns of the early Cambrian(Series 2,Stage 3)Chengjiang Biota from China[J].Paleobiology,40(1):50-69.
Zumberge J A,Love G D,Cardenas P,et al.2018.Demosponge steroid biomarker 26-methylstigmastane provides evidence for Neoproterozoic animals[J].Nature Ecology and Evolution,2:1709-1714.
陈均远,周桂琴,朱茂炎,等.1996.澄江生物群——寒武纪大爆发的见证[M].台北:国立自然科学博物馆.
陈均远.2004.动物世界的黎明[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社.
陈爱林.2015.云南澄江生物群多孔动物系统古生物学[D].昆明:云南大学:1-222.
侯先光,杨·伯格斯琼,王海峰,等.1999.澄江动物群——5.3亿年前的海洋动物[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.
胡世学,朱茂炎,罗惠麟,等.2013.关山生物群[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.
焦国祥,韩健.2013.云南下寒武统澄江生物群中细丝海绵新种类研究[J].地下水,35(2):176-179.
罗惠麟,胡世学,陈良忠,等.1999.昆明地区的早寒武世澄江动物群[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.
王圆,杨兴莲,赵元龙,等.2017.贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”海绵化石初步研究[J].古生物学报,56(2):176-188.
杨兴莲,赵元龙.2000.贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组生物群中的海绵化石[J].贵州工业大学学报,29(6):30-36.
杨兴莲,赵元龙,朱茂炎,等.2010.贵州丹寨寒武系牛蹄塘组海绵动物化石及其环境背景[J].古生物学报,49(3):348-359.
詹仁斌.1989.云南澄江早寒武世海绵化石的初步研究[D].南京:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所:1-153.
赵方臣,朱茂炎,胡世学.2010.云南寒武纪早期澄江动物群古群落分析[J].中国科学(D辑),40(9):1135-1153.
周传明,袁训来,薛耀松.1998.贵州瓮安上震旦统陡山沱组骨针状假化石[J].微体古生物学报,15(4):380-384.
武雯.2004.云南早寒武世澄江动物群中海绵化石研究[D].南京:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所:1-181.
Bengtson S,Conway Morris S,Cooper B J,et al.1990.Early Cambrian fossils from south Australia[M].Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists,9:1-364.
Botting J P,Muir L A,Xiao S H,et al.2012.Evidence for spicule homology in calcareous and siliceous sponges:biminerallic spicules in Lenica sp.from the Early Cambrian of South China[J].Lethaia,45(4):463-475.
Chen A L,Muller W E G,Hou X G,et al.2015.New articulated protospongiid sponges from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota[J].Palaeoworld,24(1):46-54.
Chang S, Feng Q L,Clausen S,et al.2017.Sponge spicules from the lower Cambrian in the Yanjiahe Formation,South China:The earliest biomineralizing sponge record[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoc:limatology,Palaeoecology,474:36-44.
Dohrmann M and Woheide G.2017.Dating early animal evolution usingphylogenomic data[J].Scientific Reports,7:3599.
Erwin D H,Laflamme M,Tweedt S M,et al.2011.The Cambrian conundrum:early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals[J].Science,334(6059):1091-1097.
Hou X G,David J S,Derek J S,et al.2017.The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang,China.The flowering of early animal life,Second Edition[M].Wiley Blackwell:1-316.
Li C W, Chen J Y and Hua T E.1998.Precambrian Sponges with Cellular Structures[J].Science,279(5352):879-882.
Love G D,Grosjean E,Stalvies C,et al.2009.Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the Cryogenian period[J].Nature,457:718-721.
Muscente A D,Michel F M,Dale J G,et al.2015.Assessing the veracity of Precambrian'sponge'fossils using in situ nanoscale analytical techniques[J].Precambrian Research,263:142-156.
Rigby J K.1983.Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Marjum limestone from the House Range and Drum Mountains of western Millard County,Utah[J].Journal of Paleontology,57(2):240-270.
Rigby J K.1986.Sponges of the Burgess Shale(Middle Cambrian),British Columbia[J].Palaeontographica Canadiana,2:1-105.
Rigby J K and Church S B.1990.A new Middle Cambrian Hexactinellid,Ratcliffespongia wheeleri,from western Utah,and skeletal structure of Ratcliffespongia[J].Journal of Paleontology,64(3):331-334.
Rigby J K and Hou X G.1995.Lower Cambrian demosponges and hexactinellid sponges from Yunnan,China[J].Journal of Paleontology,69(6):1009-1019.
Rigby J K and Collins D H.2004.Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations,British Columbia[M].Royal Ontario Museum Contributions in Science 1:1-156.
Rigby J K,Church S B and Anderson N K.2010.Middle Cambrian Sponges from the Drum Mountains and House Range in Western Utah[J].Journal of Paleontology,84(1):66-78.
Steiner M,Mehl D,Reitner J,et al.1993.Oldest entirely preserved sponges and other fossils from the Lowermost Cambrian and a new facies reconstruction of the Yangtze platform(China)[J].Berliner Geowissenshaftliche Abhandlungen,9:293-329.
Shu D G and the Team.2014.Ancestors from Cambrian Explosion[M].Northwe st University Press:1-505.
Sperling E A,Pisani D and Peterson K J.2007.Poriferan paraphyly and its implications for Precambrian palaeobiology[J].In The Rise and Fall of Ediacaran Biota.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,286:355-368.
Sperling E A,Robinson J M,Pisani D,et al.2010.Where's the glass?Biomarkers,molecular clock,and microRN As suggest a 200-Myr missing Precambrian fossil record of siliceous sponge spicules[J].Ceobiology,8:24-36.
Walcott C D.1920.Middle Cambrian Spongiae,Cambrian Geology and Paleontology[J].Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,67:261-264.
Wu W,Zhu M Y and Steiner M.2014.Composition and tiering of the Cambrian sponge communities[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,398:86-96.
Xiao S H,Ha J,Yuan X L,et al.2005.Articulated sponges from the LowerCambrian Hetang Formation in southern Anhui,South China:their age and implications for the early evolution of sponges[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,220:89-1 17.
Yang X L,Zhao Y L,Babcock L E,et al.2017.A new vauxiid sponge from the Kaili Biota(Cambrian Stage 5),Guizhou,South China[J].Geologic al Magazine,154(6):1334-1343.
Yuan X L,Xiao S H,Parsley R L,et al.2002.Towering sponges in an Early Cambrian Lagerstatte:Disparity between nonbilaterian and bilaterian epifaunal tierers at the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian transition[J].Geology,30:363-366.
Yin Z J,Zhu M Y,Davidson E H,et al.2015.Sponge grade body fossil with cellular resolution dating 60 Myr before the Cambrian[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,112(12):1453-1460.
Zhang X G and Pratt B R.1994.New and extraordinary Early Cambrian sponge spicule assemblage from China[J].Ge ology,22(1):43-46.
Zhao F C,Caron J B,Bottjer D J,et al.2014.Diversity and species abundance patterns of the early Cambrian(Series 2,Stage 3)Chengjiang Biota from China[J].Paleobiology,40(1):50-69.
Zumberge J A,Love G D,Cardenas P,et al.2018.Demosponge steroid biomarker 26-methylstigmastane provides evidence for Neoproterozoic animals[J].Nature Ecology and Evolution,2:1709-1714.
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