3种水生植物的不同组合对富营养水体的净化效果研究
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摘要
为研究水生植物对富营养化水体的净化效果,选择风车草(Cyperus involucratus,A)、狐尾藻(Myriophylium spicatum,B)和黑三棱(Sparganium stoloniferum,C) 3种水生植物,对其单一、2种和3种不同组合进行水培试验,通过实验室模拟富营养化水体,对总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和化学需氧量(COD) 3个水体富营养化指标进行检测。结果显示,随着处理时间的增加,各组对富营养化水体中TN、TP和COD的去除率呈递增趋势;至36 d试验结束时,各组对富营养化水体中TN、TP和COD的去除率,ABC组显著大于AB、AC和BC各组,AB、AC和BC各组显著大于A、B和C各组,ABC组合对富营养化水体中TN、TP和COD的去除率分别达到98.64%、98.36%和95.49%。AB和BC与AC组之间TN单位去除能力和COD单位去除能力存在显著差异。说明在种植密度相同的条件下,3种不同水生植物组合去除富营养化水体总氮、总磷和化学需氧量的效果高于2种不同水生植物组合,而2种不同水生植物组合比1种水生植物的净化效果更优。结果为水生植物净化营养化水体中富营养成分提供理论参考和应用指导。
In order to study the purification effect of aquatic plants on eutrophic water body,three aquatic plants,including Cyperus involucratus( A),Myriophylium spicatum( B),and Sparganium stoloniferum( C),were selected.Plant combinations of single,2 or 3 species were used by simulating eutrophication water body in laboratory. The eutrophication indexes of total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP) and chemical oxygen demand( COD) were measured. The results showed that the removal rates of ABC combination on TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water were 98.64%,98.36% and 95.49%,respectively. With the increase of treatment time,the removal rates of TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water increased. With the increase of treatment time,the removal rates of TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water increased. At 36 d,the removal rates of TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water were significantly higher in ABC combination than those in AB,AC and BC combinations,and the later were significantly higher than those in A,B and C combinations. There were significant differences between AB,BC and AC groups in TN unit removal ability and COD unit removal ability. The results showed that under the same planting density,the removal of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in eutrophic water by three different aquatic plant combinations was higher than that of two different aquatic plant combinations. The purification effect of two different aquatic plant combinations was better than that of single aquatic plant. The results provided theoretical reference and application guidance for eutrophication purification of aquatic plants.
In order to study the purification effect of aquatic plants on eutrophic water body,three aquatic plants,including Cyperus involucratus( A),Myriophylium spicatum( B),and Sparganium stoloniferum( C),were selected.Plant combinations of single,2 or 3 species were used by simulating eutrophication water body in laboratory. The eutrophication indexes of total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP) and chemical oxygen demand( COD) were measured. The results showed that the removal rates of ABC combination on TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water were 98.64%,98.36% and 95.49%,respectively. With the increase of treatment time,the removal rates of TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water increased. With the increase of treatment time,the removal rates of TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water increased. At 36 d,the removal rates of TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water were significantly higher in ABC combination than those in AB,AC and BC combinations,and the later were significantly higher than those in A,B and C combinations. There were significant differences between AB,BC and AC groups in TN unit removal ability and COD unit removal ability. The results showed that under the same planting density,the removal of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in eutrophic water by three different aquatic plant combinations was higher than that of two different aquatic plant combinations. The purification effect of two different aquatic plant combinations was better than that of single aquatic plant. The results provided theoretical reference and application guidance for eutrophication purification of aquatic plants.
引文
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[2]吴雅丽,许海,杨桂军,等.太湖水体氮素污染状况研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(1):19-28.Wu Y L,Xu H,Yang G J,et al..Progress in nitrogen pollution research in Lake Taihu[J].J.Lake Sci.,2014,26(1):19-28.
[3]姜建华.水生植物用于水体富营养化防治的技术分析[J].绿色科技,2019,2(4):96-97.Jiang J H.Technical analysis of aquatic plants used in water eutrophication control[J].J.Green Sci.Technol.,2019,2(4):96-97.
[4]胡凯泉,许振成,曾东.8种水生生物对富营养化水体的净化效果[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(3):328-332.Hu K Q,Xu Z C,Zeng D.Purification the effect of eight kinds of aquatic organisms on the purification on eutrophic water[J].Jiangsu Agric.Sci.,2016,44(3):328-332.
[5]戴汕,李庆卫.8种植物对2种质量浓度富营养化水体的净化效果[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(7):80-83.Dai S,Li Q W.Removal efficiency of eight plants in two different eutrophic water[J].J.Northeast Fore.Univ.,2016,44(7):80-83.
[6]魏东慧,张江汀,魏学智.4种水生植物对富营养化水体氮磷去除效果的研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2012,31(5):12-17.Wei D H,Zhang J T,Wei X Z,et al..N and P removal from eutrophicated water with four hydrophytes[J].Chin.Wild Plant Res.,2012,31(5):12-17.
[7]国家环保局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002,243-257.State Environmental Protection Agency.Methods for Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastewater[M].4thEdn.Beijing:China Environmental Science Publishing House,2002,243-257.
[8]Pereira A,Tassin B,Jorgensen S E.A model for decomposition of the drown vegetation in an Amazoian Reservoir[J].Ecol.Model.,1994,75(3):447-458.
[9]Sun G Z,Zhao Y Q,Allen S.Enhanced removal of organic matter and ammonia cal-nitrogen in a column experiment of tidal flow constructed wetland system[J].J.Biotechnol.,2005,115(2):189-197.
[10]Dong C S,Ju S C,Hong J L,et al..Phosphorus retention capacity of filter media for estimating the longevity of constructed wetland[J].Water Res.,2005,39(11):2445-2457.
[11]李林锋,年跃刚,蒋高明.植物吸收在人工湿地脱氮除磷中的贡献[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(3):337-342.Li L F,Nian Y G,Jiang G M.Contribution of macrophytes assimilation in constructed wetlands to nitrogen and phosphorous removal[J].Res.Environ.Sci.,2009,22(3):337-342.
[12]曾小梅,刘鹏,张晓斌.水生观赏植物对城市污水的修复研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(5):349-353.Zeng X M,Liu P,Zhang X B.Phytoremediation of urban wastewater by ornamental hydrophytes[J].Res.Soil Water Conserv.,2015,22(5):349-353.
[13]王荣,贺锋,徐栋,等.人工湿地基质除磷机理及影响因素研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(6E):12-18.Wang R,He F,Xu D,et al..The study on the mechanisms and influencing factors of substrates in constructed wetlands removing phosphorus[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,2010,33(6E):12-18.
[14]王春景,杨海军,刘国经,等.菰和菖蒲对富营养化水体净化效率的比较[J].植物资源与环境学报,2007,16(1):40-44.Wang C J,Yang H J,Liu G J,et al..Comparative studies on purification efficiency of Zizania latifolia and Acourus calamus in eutrophic water[J].J.Plant Res.Environ.,2007,16(1):40-44.
[15]李科德,胡正嘉.芦苇床系统净化污水的机理[J].中国环境科学,1995,15(2):140-144.Li K D,Hu Z J.Mechanisms of sewage purification by reed bed system[J].Chin.Environ.Sci.,1995,15(2):140-144.
[16]殷春雨,关保华,陈梦琪,等.漂浮和沉水植物降解过程中氮磷的释放规律[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(21):275-277.Yin C Y,Guan B H,Chen M Q,et al..Release of nitrogen and phosphorus release during decomposition floating and submerged macrophtes[J].Jiangsu Agric.Sci.,2017,45(21):275-277.
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