油菜秆热解过程中重金属形态研究
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摘要
采用BCR连续提取法研究修复植物油菜秆和生物炭中重金属形态,并利用风险评估指数对重金属的环境污染风险进行评估。研究结果表明:随热解温度的升高,各重金属残渣态质量分数增大,Cd,Cu,Mn和Pb的稳定性增强,生物有效性降低,而Zn由于酸溶态质量分数增大,稳定性减弱;随热解时间的延长,Cd和Cu的可氧化态质量分数减小,残渣态质量分数增大,Zn的可还原态质量分数减小,可氧化态与残渣态总质量分数增大,Mn和Pb的各形态质量分数保持相对稳定;热解可有效降低重金属的污染风险。
BCR sequential extraction was performed to analyze the morphology of heavy metals(HMs) in rape straw and biochar prepared under different pyrolysis temperature and time, and the environmental potential risk of HMs was evaluated by risk assessment code. The results show that a significant portion of HMs is embodied in the residue with the rising temperature, and the stability of Cd, Cu, Mn and Pb is enhanced, which indicates lower bioavailability. However, with the increase of temperature, the stability of Zn is weakened due to the increase of acid soluble fraction. With the prolongation of pyrolysis time, the proportion of oxidizable fraction of Cd and Cu decreases, while residual fraction increases. The percentage of reducible fraction of Zn decreases, but the total percentages of oxidizable and residual fraction increase. However, there was no remarkable change in the speciation of Mn and Pb. According to risk assessment code, the environmental potential risk of HMs is markedly mitigated.
BCR sequential extraction was performed to analyze the morphology of heavy metals(HMs) in rape straw and biochar prepared under different pyrolysis temperature and time, and the environmental potential risk of HMs was evaluated by risk assessment code. The results show that a significant portion of HMs is embodied in the residue with the rising temperature, and the stability of Cd, Cu, Mn and Pb is enhanced, which indicates lower bioavailability. However, with the increase of temperature, the stability of Zn is weakened due to the increase of acid soluble fraction. With the prolongation of pyrolysis time, the proportion of oxidizable fraction of Cd and Cu decreases, while residual fraction increases. The percentage of reducible fraction of Zn decreases, but the total percentages of oxidizable and residual fraction increase. However, there was no remarkable change in the speciation of Mn and Pb. According to risk assessment code, the environmental potential risk of HMs is markedly mitigated.
引文
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[11]刘晶晶,杨兴,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭对土壤重金属形态转化及其有效性的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2015, 35(11):3679-3687.LIU Jingjing, YANG Xing, LU Kouping, et al. Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(11):3679-3687.
[12] LI Lei, XU Z R, ZHANG Chunlei, et al. Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals in solid residues from sub-and super-critical water gasification of sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology, 2012, 121:169-175.
[13] HUANG Huajun, YUAN Xingzhong, ZENG Guangming, et al.Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals’pollution hazards in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(22):10346-10351.
[14] YUAN Xingzhong, HUANG Huajun, ZENG Guangming,et al. Total concentrations and chemical speciation of heavy metals in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(5):4104-4110.
[15] SHAO Jianguang, YUAN Xingzhong, LENG Lijian, et al.The comparison of the migration and transformation behavior of heavy metals during pyrolysis and liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge, paper mill sludge, and slaughterhouse sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015,198:16-22.
[16]王君,陈娴,桂丕,等.污泥炭化温度和时间对重金属形态及作物累积的影响[J].华南农业大学学报, 2015, 36(5):54-60.WANG Jun, CHEN Xian, GUI Pi, et al. Effects of pyrolysis temperature and time on the speciation and bioaccumulation of heavy metals derived from sludge[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2015, 36(5):54-60.
[2] DILKS R T, MONETTE F, GLAUS M. The major parameters on biomass pyrolysis for hyper accumulative plants:a review[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 146:385-395.
[3] DELPLANQUE M, COLLET S, DEL GRATTA F, et al.Combustion of Salix used for phytoextraction:the fate of metals and viability of the processes[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2013, 49:160-170.
[4]邢前国,潘伟斌.富含Cd、Pb植物焚烧处理方法的探讨[J].生态环境, 2004, 13(4):585-586, 600.XING Qianguo, PAN Weibin. On incineration of plants with high concentration of cadmium and lead[J]. 2004, 13(4):585-586, 600.
[5] STALS M, THIJSSEN E, VANGRONSVELD J, et al. Flash pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass from phytoremediation:influence of temperature, entrained flow and wood/leaves blended pyrolysis on the behaviour of heavy metals[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2010, 87(1):1-7.
[6] LIEVENS C, CARLEER R, CORNELISSEN T, et al. Fast pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated willow:influence of the plant part[J]. Fuel, 2009, 88(8):1417-1425.
[7]孙军,邓四化,徐俊,等.土壤重金属形态分析方法及其与环境风险的关系[J].上海电气技术, 2017, 10(2):50-54.SUN Jun, DENG Sihua, XU Jun, et al. Morphological analysis of heavy metals in soil and its relationship with environmental risk[J]. Journal of Shanghai Electric Technology, 2017, 10(2):50-54.
[8]赵述华,陈志良,张太平,等.稳定化处理对矿渣中重金属迁移转化的影响研究[J].环境科学, 2014, 35(4):1548-1554.ZHAO Shuhua, CHEN Zhiliang, ZHANG Taiping, et al.Effects of stabilization treatment on migration and transformation of heavy metals in mineral waste residues[J].Environmental Science, 2014, 35(4):1548-1554.
[9] RAURET G, LóPEZ-SáNCHEZ J F, SAHUQUILLO A, et al.Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 1999, 1(1):57-61.
[10]夏娟娟,赵增立,李海滨,等.修复植物热解半焦中重金属形态分布研究[J].环境污染与防治, 2011, 33(1):57-60.XIA Juanjuan, ZHAO Zengli, LI Haibin, et al. Study on heavy metal speciation in char from pyrolysis of phytoremediating plants[J]. Environmental Pollution&Control, 2011, 33(1):57-60.
[11]刘晶晶,杨兴,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭对土壤重金属形态转化及其有效性的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2015, 35(11):3679-3687.LIU Jingjing, YANG Xing, LU Kouping, et al. Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(11):3679-3687.
[12] LI Lei, XU Z R, ZHANG Chunlei, et al. Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals in solid residues from sub-and super-critical water gasification of sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology, 2012, 121:169-175.
[13] HUANG Huajun, YUAN Xingzhong, ZENG Guangming, et al.Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals’pollution hazards in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(22):10346-10351.
[14] YUAN Xingzhong, HUANG Huajun, ZENG Guangming,et al. Total concentrations and chemical speciation of heavy metals in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(5):4104-4110.
[15] SHAO Jianguang, YUAN Xingzhong, LENG Lijian, et al.The comparison of the migration and transformation behavior of heavy metals during pyrolysis and liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge, paper mill sludge, and slaughterhouse sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015,198:16-22.
[16]王君,陈娴,桂丕,等.污泥炭化温度和时间对重金属形态及作物累积的影响[J].华南农业大学学报, 2015, 36(5):54-60.WANG Jun, CHEN Xian, GUI Pi, et al. Effects of pyrolysis temperature and time on the speciation and bioaccumulation of heavy metals derived from sludge[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2015, 36(5):54-60.
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