不同深度秸秆还田对黄棕壤氮素和微生物生物量碳氮的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究不同深度秸秆还田对土壤氮素和微生物生物量碳、氮含量变化的影响,为提高还田秸秆利用效率提供科学依据。[方法]采用田间小区试验的方法,共设5个不同处理:对照CK(不添加秸秆),T_0(表面覆盖),T_(10)(10 cm还田),T_(20)(20 cm还田),T_(30)(30 cm还田)处理。[结果]①与对照相比,秸秆还田处理中土壤有机质、全氮和硝态氮含量分别增加了3.98%～29.36%,2.72%～45.52%,10.48%～56.64%,铵态氮降低了7.75%～39.20%;②秸秆还田处理对土壤微生物生物量有显著影响,与对照相比,秸秆还田处理中土壤微生物生物量碳和氮分别增加了5.01%～35.78%和9.69%～52.56%;③运用主成分分析方法评估了秸秆还田各处理土壤质量状况,综合得分次序为:CK改良土壤性状,在秸秆还田深度为10和20 cm效果较好,尤其10 cm秸秆还田对土壤中氮素和微生物生物量碳氮的影响最为显著。
[Objective] This paper studied the effects of straw returning on soil nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in different soil depths to provide scientific basis for improving the efficiency of returning straw. [Methods] Five different treatments were labeled as control CK(no straw), T_0(surface coverage), T_(10)(10 cm returning field), T_(20)(20 cm returning field), T_(30)(30 cm returning to the field). [Results] ① Compared with the control, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in straw returning treatments increased 3.98%～29.36%, 2.72%～45.52%, 10.48%～56.64%, respectively. The contents of ammonium nitrogen decreased about 7.75%～39.20%. ② The straw returning treatment had a significant effect on soil microbial biomass. Compared with the control, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased 5.01% ～35.78%, 9.69%～52.56%, respectively. ③ Principal component analysis method was used to evaluate the soil quality with different straw returning treatments. The comprehensive score order was CK
[Objective] This paper studied the effects of straw returning on soil nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in different soil depths to provide scientific basis for improving the efficiency of returning straw. [Methods] Five different treatments were labeled as control CK(no straw), T_0(surface coverage), T_(10)(10 cm returning field), T_(20)(20 cm returning field), T_(30)(30 cm returning to the field). [Results] ① Compared with the control, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in straw returning treatments increased 3.98%～29.36%, 2.72%～45.52%, 10.48%～56.64%, respectively. The contents of ammonium nitrogen decreased about 7.75%～39.20%. ② The straw returning treatment had a significant effect on soil microbial biomass. Compared with the control, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased 5.01% ～35.78%, 9.69%～52.56%, respectively. ③ Principal component analysis method was used to evaluate the soil quality with different straw returning treatments. The comprehensive score order was CK
引文
[1] 潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环,等.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):526-535.
[2] 胡宏祥,程燕,马友华,等.油菜秸秆还田腐解变化特征及其培肥土壤的作用[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):297-302.
[3] 赵家煦.东北黑土区秸秆还田深度对土壤水分动态及土壤酶、微生物C,N的影响[D].黑龙江哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
[4] 王倩倩.秸秆配施氮肥冬季还田对水稻土微生物学性质和碳库组成的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[5] 矫丽娜,李志洪,殷程程,等.高量秸秆不同深度还田对黑土有机质组成和酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):665-672.
[6] Conteh A ,Blair G J ,Macleod D A ,et al.Soil organic carbon changes in cracking clay soils under cotton production as studied by carbon fractionation.[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1997,48(7):1049-1058.
[7] Brookes P C,Landman A,Pruden G,et al.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil.[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1985,17(6):837-842.
[8] Duval M E,Galantini J A,Iglesias J O,et al.Analysis of organic fractions as indicators of soil quality under natural and cultivated systems[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2013,131(7):11-19.
[9] 黄金花,刘军,杨志兰,等.秸秆还田下长期连作棉田土壤有机碳活性组分的变化特征[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):387-395.
[10] 段华平,牛永志,卞新民.耕作方式和秸秆还田对直播稻田土壤有机碳及水稻产量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):23-27.
[11] 张丽,张中东,郭正宇,等.深松耕作和秸秆还田对农田土壤物理特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(1):102-106,11.
[12] 于寒,梁烜赫,张玉秋,等.不同秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(3):305-311.
[13] 杨敏芳,朱利群,韩新忠,等.耕作措施与秸秆还田对稻麦两熟制农田土壤养分、微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):272-275,28.
[14] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[15] Malhi S S,Nyborg M,Solberg E D,et al.Improving crop yield and N uptake with long-term straw retention in two contrasting soil types[J].Field Crops Research,2011,124(3):378-391.
[16] 张亚丽,吕家珑,金继运,等.施肥和秸秆还田对土壤肥力质量及春小麦品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):307-314.
[17] Lou Yilai,Xu Minggang,Wang Wei,et al.Return rate of straw residue affects soil organic C sequestration by chemical fertilization[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2011,113(1):70-73.
[18] 李新举,张志国,李贻学.土壤深度对还田秸秆腐解速度的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):135-138.
[19] 徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,等.秸秆还田与氮肥管理对水稻养分吸收的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):191-195.
[20] 闫翠萍,裴雪霞,王姣爱,等.秸秆还田与施氮对冬小麦生长发育及水肥利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):271-275.
[21] 于占源,曾德慧,艾桂艳,等.添加氮素对沙质草地土壤氮素有效性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(11):1894-1897.
[22] 李贵桐,赵紫娟,黄元仿,等.秸秆还田对土壤氮素转化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):162-167.
[23] 盛浩,周萍,袁红,等.亚热带不同稻田土壤微生物生物量碳的剖面分布特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1576-1582.
[2] 胡宏祥,程燕,马友华,等.油菜秸秆还田腐解变化特征及其培肥土壤的作用[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):297-302.
[3] 赵家煦.东北黑土区秸秆还田深度对土壤水分动态及土壤酶、微生物C,N的影响[D].黑龙江哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
[4] 王倩倩.秸秆配施氮肥冬季还田对水稻土微生物学性质和碳库组成的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[5] 矫丽娜,李志洪,殷程程,等.高量秸秆不同深度还田对黑土有机质组成和酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):665-672.
[6] Conteh A ,Blair G J ,Macleod D A ,et al.Soil organic carbon changes in cracking clay soils under cotton production as studied by carbon fractionation.[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1997,48(7):1049-1058.
[7] Brookes P C,Landman A,Pruden G,et al.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil.[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1985,17(6):837-842.
[8] Duval M E,Galantini J A,Iglesias J O,et al.Analysis of organic fractions as indicators of soil quality under natural and cultivated systems[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2013,131(7):11-19.
[9] 黄金花,刘军,杨志兰,等.秸秆还田下长期连作棉田土壤有机碳活性组分的变化特征[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):387-395.
[10] 段华平,牛永志,卞新民.耕作方式和秸秆还田对直播稻田土壤有机碳及水稻产量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):23-27.
[11] 张丽,张中东,郭正宇,等.深松耕作和秸秆还田对农田土壤物理特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(1):102-106,11.
[12] 于寒,梁烜赫,张玉秋,等.不同秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(3):305-311.
[13] 杨敏芳,朱利群,韩新忠,等.耕作措施与秸秆还田对稻麦两熟制农田土壤养分、微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):272-275,28.
[14] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[15] Malhi S S,Nyborg M,Solberg E D,et al.Improving crop yield and N uptake with long-term straw retention in two contrasting soil types[J].Field Crops Research,2011,124(3):378-391.
[16] 张亚丽,吕家珑,金继运,等.施肥和秸秆还田对土壤肥力质量及春小麦品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):307-314.
[17] Lou Yilai,Xu Minggang,Wang Wei,et al.Return rate of straw residue affects soil organic C sequestration by chemical fertilization[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2011,113(1):70-73.
[18] 李新举,张志国,李贻学.土壤深度对还田秸秆腐解速度的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):135-138.
[19] 徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,等.秸秆还田与氮肥管理对水稻养分吸收的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):191-195.
[20] 闫翠萍,裴雪霞,王姣爱,等.秸秆还田与施氮对冬小麦生长发育及水肥利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):271-275.
[21] 于占源,曾德慧,艾桂艳,等.添加氮素对沙质草地土壤氮素有效性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(11):1894-1897.
[22] 李贵桐,赵紫娟,黄元仿,等.秸秆还田对土壤氮素转化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):162-167.
[23] 盛浩,周萍,袁红,等.亚热带不同稻田土壤微生物生物量碳的剖面分布特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1576-1582.
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