洛河组含水层垂向差异性研究及保水采煤意义
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摘要
为查明彬长矿区白垩系洛河组地层的水文地质条件,从保水采煤角度提出了洛河组精细化勘探概念,给出了可用于承压含水层垂向富水性评价的综合富水性指数法,依据垂向富水性变化规律对洛河组进行分层,并研究洛河组垂向水文地质条件与特征、自然状态和采煤扰动时洛河组垂向各含水层段之间的水力联系、以及洛河组下段存在的保水采煤意义等。给出了富水性指数计算方法:对地层岩性、厚度、孔隙度3个指标分别赋值、分别赋权重为0.3,0.4,0.3,之后将赋值与权重累积得到单个含水层段的富水性指数(f_i),利用F_i=0.5f_i+0.15f_(i-1)+0.1f_(i-2)+0.15f_(i+1)+0.1f_(i+2)计算各地层的综合富水性指数。给出了洛河组含水层垂向富水性分级标准:F<0.003 289为隔水层,0.003 289≤F<0.012 339为弱富水,0.012 339≤F<0.015 504为中等富水,F≥0.015 504为强富水。依据综合富水性指数将高家堡井田T1,T2钻孔洛河组垂向上划分为上、中、下3段。研究结果表明:(1)采用综合富水性指数法可以对承压含水层垂向富水性进行精细化评价,可操作性强;(2)局部地区洛河组内部发育有泥岩地层,但尚未构成区域上的隔水层;(3)洛河组下段地层既可以减缓和阻止煤层顶板导水裂隙带继续向上发育防止对具有供水意义的中上段地层结构的破坏,又可以阻隔中上段含水层水进入矿井,对保水采煤有利;(4)高家堡矿井首采面回采期间洛河组中上段地下水位下降26.71～43.06 m。通过含水层水量、水位、水质等指标分析,采用控制煤层采高等技术实现了对洛河组含水层结构保护条件下的深埋煤层开采。
In order to explore the hydrogeological conditions of the Cretaceous Luohe Formation in Binchang mining area,this paper proposed the Luohe Formation’s refined exploration concepts from the perspective of water-preserved coal mining,gave a comprehensive water-rich index method which can be used to evaluate the vertical water-richness of confined aquifers.The Luohe Formation was layered according to vertical water-richness.Luohe formation’s vertical hy-drogeological conditions and characteristics,hydraulic connection between the vertical aquifers of Luohe formation before and after mining,and the significance of water-preserved coal mining of the lower aquifer of Luohe formation were studied.Calculation method of water-rich index is given as follows:the indexes of lithology,thickness and porosity are assigned,and their weights are 0.3,0.4,and 0.3 respectively;the value of water-rich index(f_i)can be obtained by the cumulative multiplication of values of indexes and weights;then,the comprehensive water-rich index of each layer can be obtained using the following formula F_i=0.5f_i+0.15f_(i-1)+0.1f_(i-2)+0.15f_(i+1)+0.1f_(i+2).Grading standards of comprehensive water-rich index for aquifers in Luohe Formation are given:F<0.003 289 is aquiclude,0.003 289≤F<0.012 339 is weak water-rich,0.012 339≤F<0.015 504 is medium water-rich,and F≥0.015 504 is strong waterrich.According to the comprehensive water-rich index,the Luohe Formation of T1 and T2 drilling in Gaojiabu mine field were divided into the upper,the middle and the lower aquifers vertically.The results shows that:(1)the comprehensive water-rich index method could be used to evaluate the vertical water-richness of a confined aquifer,and it is simple and easy to use.(2)Mudstone formations were found in Luohe aquifer in some areas,but have not yet formed an aquiclude in the area.(3)The lower aquifer of Luohe formation could not only slow down the destruction of the upper and the middle aquifers structure from water flowing fractured zone,but also prevent the water inflow which was from the upper and the middle aquifers from entering working face.It is beneficial to protecting the groundwater of Luohe aquifer during coal mining;(4)During mining the first face of Gaojiabu mine,the controlling height of coal mining was used to protect the groundwater of Luohe aquifer,and the groundwater level in the middle and upper aquifers of the Luohe formation decreased by 26.71-43.06 m.Through the analysis of groundwater volume,water level,and water quality,it have achieved the goals of protecting the aquifer’s structure of Luohe formation and safely mining the deep coal seam.
In order to explore the hydrogeological conditions of the Cretaceous Luohe Formation in Binchang mining area,this paper proposed the Luohe Formation’s refined exploration concepts from the perspective of water-preserved coal mining,gave a comprehensive water-rich index method which can be used to evaluate the vertical water-richness of confined aquifers.The Luohe Formation was layered according to vertical water-richness.Luohe formation’s vertical hy-drogeological conditions and characteristics,hydraulic connection between the vertical aquifers of Luohe formation before and after mining,and the significance of water-preserved coal mining of the lower aquifer of Luohe formation were studied.Calculation method of water-rich index is given as follows:the indexes of lithology,thickness and porosity are assigned,and their weights are 0.3,0.4,and 0.3 respectively;the value of water-rich index(f_i)can be obtained by the cumulative multiplication of values of indexes and weights;then,the comprehensive water-rich index of each layer can be obtained using the following formula F_i=0.5f_i+0.15f_(i-1)+0.1f_(i-2)+0.15f_(i+1)+0.1f_(i+2).Grading standards of comprehensive water-rich index for aquifers in Luohe Formation are given:F<0.003 289 is aquiclude,0.003 289≤F<0.012 339 is weak water-rich,0.012 339≤F<0.015 504 is medium water-rich,and F≥0.015 504 is strong waterrich.According to the comprehensive water-rich index,the Luohe Formation of T1 and T2 drilling in Gaojiabu mine field were divided into the upper,the middle and the lower aquifers vertically.The results shows that:(1)the comprehensive water-rich index method could be used to evaluate the vertical water-richness of a confined aquifer,and it is simple and easy to use.(2)Mudstone formations were found in Luohe aquifer in some areas,but have not yet formed an aquiclude in the area.(3)The lower aquifer of Luohe formation could not only slow down the destruction of the upper and the middle aquifers structure from water flowing fractured zone,but also prevent the water inflow which was from the upper and the middle aquifers from entering working face.It is beneficial to protecting the groundwater of Luohe aquifer during coal mining;(4)During mining the first face of Gaojiabu mine,the controlling height of coal mining was used to protect the groundwater of Luohe aquifer,and the groundwater level in the middle and upper aquifers of the Luohe formation decreased by 26.71-43.06 m.Through the analysis of groundwater volume,water level,and water quality,it have achieved the goals of protecting the aquifer’s structure of Luohe formation and safely mining the deep coal seam.
引文
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[11]武强,李铎.“煤-水”双资源矿井建设与开发研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(3):32-35,62.WU Qiang,LI Duo.Research of“Coal-Water”doubleresources mine construction and development[J].Coal Geology of China,2009,21(3):32-35,62.
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[13]吕广罗,田刚军,张勇,等.巨厚砂砾岩含水层下特厚煤层保水采煤分区及实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):189-196.LGuangluo,TIAN Gangjun,ZHANG Yong,et al.Division and practice of water-preserved mining in ultra-thick coal seam under ultra thick sandy conglomerate aquifer[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):189-196.
[14]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿防治水细则[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2018.
[15]侯光才,张茂省.鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.
[16]李云峰,冯建国,王玮,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系含水层系统分析[J].西北地质,2004,37(1):90-96.LI Yunfeng,FENG Jianguo,WANG Wei,et al.The groundwater system analysis of cretaceous system of Ordos basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2004,37(1):90-96.
[17]李超峰,虎维岳.回采工作面顶板复合含水层涌水量时空组成及过程预测方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(3):1-13.LI Chaofeng,HU Weiyue.Prediction method of mine water inflow regime from a layered extra-thick aquifer[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(3):1-13.
[18]黄阳,吕广罗,康卫东,等.高家堡煤矿401、402盘区水文地质补充勘探报告[R].西安:陕西省煤田地质局一八六队,2010.HUANG Yang,LGuangluo,KANG Weidong,et al.Hydrogeological supplementary exploration report of 401 and 402 mining areas in Gaojiabu coal mine[R].Xi’an:No.186 Exploration Team,Shaanxi Bureau of Coal Geological Exploration,2010.
[19]李超峰,刘英锋,李抗抗.顶板导水裂隙带高度井下仰孔探测装置改进及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(5):166-172.LI Chaofeng,LIU Yingfeng,LI Kangkang.Equipment improvement and application on determining height of water flowing fractured zone in upward slant hole[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(5):166-172.
[20]李超峰,虎维岳,王云宏,等.煤层顶板导水裂缝带高度综合探查技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(1):101-107.LI Chaofeng,HU Weiyue,WANG Yunhong,et al.Comprehensive detection technique for coal seam roof water flowing fractured zone height[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2018,46(1):101-107.
[21]刘英锋,李超峰.陕西彬长胡家河矿业有限公司矿井首采区水文地质补充勘探报告[R].西安:中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司,2014.LIU Yingfeng,LI Chaofeng.Prospecting report on hydrogeology in the first mining area of Hujiahe coal mine[R].Xi’an:Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp,2014.
[22]李超峰.高家堡矿井首采区白垩系含水层精细探查研究成果报告[R].西安:中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司,2015.LI Chaofeng.Prospecting report on hydrogeology of Luo-he aquifer in the first mining area of Gaojiabu coal mine[R].Xi’an:Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp,2015.
[23]李超峰.彬长矿区巨厚洛河组含水层垂向差异性研究[J].煤炭技术,2018,37(4):131-133.LI Chaofeng.Vertical differences of thick Luohe Formaiton in Binchang mining area[J].Coal Technology,2018,37(4):131-133.
[2]钱鸣高.绿色开采的概念与技术体系[J].煤炭科技,2003(4):1-3.QIAN Minggao.Technological system and green mining concept[J].Coal Science&Technology Magazine,2003(4):1-3.
[3]钱鸣高.煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(4):529-534.QIAN Minggao.On sustainable coal mining in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(4):529-534.
[4]钱鸣高,许家林,王家臣.再论煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):1-13.QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,WANG Jiachen.Further on the sustainable mining of coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):1-13.
[5]范立民.保水采煤的科学内涵[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):27-35.FAN Limin.Scientific connotation of water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):27-35.
[6]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
[7]马雄德,范立民,严戈,等.植被对矿区地下水位变化响应研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):44-49.MA Xiongde,FAN Limin,YAN Ge,et al.Vegetation responses to groundwater level change in mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):44-49.
[8]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.The progress of research and engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[9]王双明,黄庆享,范立民,等.生态脆弱区煤炭开发与生态水位保护[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[10]赵春虎,虎维岳,靳德武.西部干旱矿区采煤引起潜水损失量的定量评价方法[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):169-174.ZHAO Chunhu,HU Weiyue,JIN Dewu.Method of quantitative evaluation on amount of groundwater loss from unconfined aquifer caused by mining disturbance in the arid area of western China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):169-174.
[11]武强,李铎.“煤-水”双资源矿井建设与开发研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(3):32-35,62.WU Qiang,LI Duo.Research of“Coal-Water”doubleresources mine construction and development[J].Coal Geology of China,2009,21(3):32-35,62.
[12]武强,申建军,王洋.“煤-水”双资源型矿井开采技术方法与工程应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):8-16.WU Qiang,SHEN Jianjun,WANG Yang.Mining techniques and engineering application for“Coal-Water”dual-resources mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):8-16.
[13]吕广罗,田刚军,张勇,等.巨厚砂砾岩含水层下特厚煤层保水采煤分区及实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):189-196.LGuangluo,TIAN Gangjun,ZHANG Yong,et al.Division and practice of water-preserved mining in ultra-thick coal seam under ultra thick sandy conglomerate aquifer[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):189-196.
[14]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿防治水细则[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2018.
[15]侯光才,张茂省.鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.
[16]李云峰,冯建国,王玮,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系含水层系统分析[J].西北地质,2004,37(1):90-96.LI Yunfeng,FENG Jianguo,WANG Wei,et al.The groundwater system analysis of cretaceous system of Ordos basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2004,37(1):90-96.
[17]李超峰,虎维岳.回采工作面顶板复合含水层涌水量时空组成及过程预测方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(3):1-13.LI Chaofeng,HU Weiyue.Prediction method of mine water inflow regime from a layered extra-thick aquifer[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(3):1-13.
[18]黄阳,吕广罗,康卫东,等.高家堡煤矿401、402盘区水文地质补充勘探报告[R].西安:陕西省煤田地质局一八六队,2010.HUANG Yang,LGuangluo,KANG Weidong,et al.Hydrogeological supplementary exploration report of 401 and 402 mining areas in Gaojiabu coal mine[R].Xi’an:No.186 Exploration Team,Shaanxi Bureau of Coal Geological Exploration,2010.
[19]李超峰,刘英锋,李抗抗.顶板导水裂隙带高度井下仰孔探测装置改进及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(5):166-172.LI Chaofeng,LIU Yingfeng,LI Kangkang.Equipment improvement and application on determining height of water flowing fractured zone in upward slant hole[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(5):166-172.
[20]李超峰,虎维岳,王云宏,等.煤层顶板导水裂缝带高度综合探查技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(1):101-107.LI Chaofeng,HU Weiyue,WANG Yunhong,et al.Comprehensive detection technique for coal seam roof water flowing fractured zone height[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2018,46(1):101-107.
[21]刘英锋,李超峰.陕西彬长胡家河矿业有限公司矿井首采区水文地质补充勘探报告[R].西安:中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司,2014.LIU Yingfeng,LI Chaofeng.Prospecting report on hydrogeology in the first mining area of Hujiahe coal mine[R].Xi’an:Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp,2014.
[22]李超峰.高家堡矿井首采区白垩系含水层精细探查研究成果报告[R].西安:中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司,2015.LI Chaofeng.Prospecting report on hydrogeology of Luo-he aquifer in the first mining area of Gaojiabu coal mine[R].Xi’an:Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp,2015.
[23]李超峰.彬长矿区巨厚洛河组含水层垂向差异性研究[J].煤炭技术,2018,37(4):131-133.LI Chaofeng.Vertical differences of thick Luohe Formaiton in Binchang mining area[J].Coal Technology,2018,37(4):131-133.
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