基于无人机倾斜摄影的强震区公路高位危岩崩塌形成机制及稳定性评价
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摘要
强震区公路高位危岩崩塌具有极高隐蔽性和危害性,传统的接触式勘察方法难以有效调查震后位于公路两侧高陡斜坡体上的危岩崩塌体。提出一种基于无人机的倾斜摄影测量技术,该技术采用无人机超低空采集高位危岩体的高清影像数据,构建三维空间模型,从而提取危岩体特征参数,为危岩体稳定性分析提供数据支撑。利用无人机对某高速公路危岩崩塌地质灾害路段进行调查,对无人机倾斜摄影测量成果进行分析,明确调查区19处危岩崩塌体特征和崩塌成因机制,在此基础上评价典型崩塌体稳定性。并且使用RocFall软件模拟分析典型危岩体崩落运动轨迹,研究高位危岩崩塌对公路的危险性。研究成果对强震区山区公路高位危岩崩塌勘察、稳定性评价工作具有重要的参考价值。
Rock collapses along highways in earthquake-prone areas are hazardous. Dangerous post-earthquake rockfalls on high-steep slopes on both sides of highways are difficult to investigate through the traditional contact survey method given their concealed nature. In this work, an oblique photogrammetry technology based on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) is proposed. The technology involves the deployment of a UAV at an ultralow altitude to collect the high-definition image data of high-risk rock masses. Then, it constructs a three-dimensional space model to extract the characteristic parameters of dangerous rock masses. These parameters can provide data support for the stability analysis of dangerous rock masses. The UAV is utilized to investigate a geologically hazardous section of a highway that had experienced a highly dangerous rock collapse. The oblique photogrammetry results of the UAV are then analyzed. The characteristics of dangerous rockfalls and the formation mechanism of rock collapses in the survey area are analyzed to evaluate the stability of typical dangerous rockfalls. Rockfall software is used to simulate and analyze the movement track of typical dangerous rockfall collapses, and the danger posed by rock collapses to highways is studied. The results of this work provide important references for the investigation and evaluation of high-level dangerous rock collapses along mountain highways in earthquake-prone areas.
Rock collapses along highways in earthquake-prone areas are hazardous. Dangerous post-earthquake rockfalls on high-steep slopes on both sides of highways are difficult to investigate through the traditional contact survey method given their concealed nature. In this work, an oblique photogrammetry technology based on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) is proposed. The technology involves the deployment of a UAV at an ultralow altitude to collect the high-definition image data of high-risk rock masses. Then, it constructs a three-dimensional space model to extract the characteristic parameters of dangerous rock masses. These parameters can provide data support for the stability analysis of dangerous rock masses. The UAV is utilized to investigate a geologically hazardous section of a highway that had experienced a highly dangerous rock collapse. The oblique photogrammetry results of the UAV are then analyzed. The characteristics of dangerous rockfalls and the formation mechanism of rock collapses in the survey area are analyzed to evaluate the stability of typical dangerous rockfalls. Rockfall software is used to simulate and analyze the movement track of typical dangerous rockfall collapses, and the danger posed by rock collapses to highways is studied. The results of this work provide important references for the investigation and evaluation of high-level dangerous rock collapses along mountain highways in earthquake-prone areas.
引文
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[2] 程强,董秀军,余建华,等.典型高陡边坡高位地质灾害调查及评估[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(增刊):289-294.CHENG Qiang,DONG Xiujun,YU Jianghua,et al.High Position Geological Disaster Investigation and Evaluation of Typical High-steep Slope[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(Supp):289-294.
[3] 刘海洋,王学良,李丽慧,等.无人机航空摄影测量技术在崩塌灾害调查中的应用[J].工程地质学报:2017,25(增刊):82-87.LIU Haiyang,WANG Xueliang,LI Lihui,et al.Application of UAV Aerial Photogrammetry for Rockfall Disaster Survey[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(Supp):82-87.
[4] 黄润秋,王运生,董秀军.2009年8.6四川汉源猴子岩崩滑的现场应急调查及危岩处理[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(4):445-448.HUANG Runqiu,WANG Yunsheng,DONG Xiujun.The 6th August 2009 Field Urgent Investigation on the Geohazard of the Rock Fall Dammingin in Houziyan,Shunhe,Hanyuan,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(4):445-448.
[5] 杨力龙.基于轻小型无人机的航空摄影测量技术在高陡边坡几何信息勘察中的应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.YANG Lilong.Application of Aerial Photogrammetry Based on Light and Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Geometric Information Survey of High and Steep Slope[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.
[6] 董秀军.三维空间影像技术在地质工程中的综合应用研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.DONG Xiujun.Research of Comprehensive Application of Three-Dimensional Image Technology in Geologic Engineering[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2015.
[7] 吴明,何文贵,张波,等.野马河—大雪山断裂肃北段晚第四纪活动特征研究[J].地震工程学报,2017,39(2):285-293.WU Ming,HE Wengui,ZHANG Bo,et al.Investigation of Late Quaternary Activity along Subei Fault[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2017,39(2):285-293.
[8] 尹恒,裴尼松,余梨.无人机技术在复杂公路中的应用研究[J].中外公路,2018,38(2):1-5.YIN Heng,PEI Nisong,YU Li.Application of UAV Aerial Survey Technology in Highway Engineering[J].Journal of China & Foreign Highway,2018,38(2):1-5.
[9] 朱志超,王勇,顾传焱.无人机技术在桥梁养护检测中的应用[C]//中国公路学会养护与管理分会第八届学术年会论文集,2018:28-35.ZHU Zhiyong,WANG Yong,GU Chuanyan.Application of UAV Technology in Bridge Maintenance and Detection[C]//Proceedings of the 8th Annual Meeting of Maintenance and Management Branch of China Highuay & Transportation Society.2018:28-35.
[10] 时盛春.地震灾后区域无人机GPS遥感定位技术研究[J].地震工程学报,2018,40(2):350-355.SHI Shengchun.GPS Remote Sensing Positioning Technology for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Post-earthquake Area[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2018,40(2):350-355.
[11] 常士骠,张苏民.工程地质手册[M].第四版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.CHANG Shiji,ZHANG Sumin:Handbook of Engineering Geology[M].Fourth Edition.Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press,2007.
[12] 公路工程地质勘察规范:JTG C20-2011[S].北京:中华人民共和国交通运输部,2011.Code for Highway Engineering Geological Investigation:JTG C20-2011[S].Beijing:Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China,2011.
[13] 地质灾害防治工程勘察规范:DB50/143-2018[S].重庆:重庆市质量技术监督局,2018.Code for Geological Disaster Prevention and Control Engineering Investigation:DB50/143-2018[S].Chongqing:Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision,2018.
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