深部地下巷道围岩结构监测信息化技术研究
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摘要
在地下矿山开采过程中,巷道围岩结构变化具有显著的非线性特征,易引发较大的煤岩动力灾害。现有深部地下巷道围岩监测技术基于单一物理量的数据采集,缺乏多物理量的联合监测与分析,无法准确判断围岩结构变形状态。针对上述问题,基于对钻屑法、岩饼法、应力测量法、围岩变形监测法、电磁辐射法、声发射法、微震监测法、震动层析成像法等现有深部地下巷道围岩监测技术的分析,提出了采用深部地下巷道围岩结构监测信息化技术构建多源、多场的深部地下巷道围岩结构监测体系的设想,从数据感知、采集、传输、分析等方面阐述了深部地下巷道围岩结构监测信息化关键技术,并讨论了深部地下巷道围岩结构监测信息化面临的受限环境下传感节点供能、异构传感设备统一交互、时延敏感网络数据传输等挑战。
In underground mining process,variety of roadway surrounding rock structure has obvious non-linearity characteristic,and larger coal-rock dynamic disasters are triggered easily. Existing monitoring technologies for roadway surrounding rock in deep underground are based on data collection of single physical quantity and lack joint monitoring and analysis of multi physical quantities,which are unable to correctly judge deformation state of surrounding rock structure.For above problems,existing monitoring technologies for roadway surrounding rock in deep underground were analyzed including drilling cuttings method,core disking method,stress measuring method,surrounding rock deformation monitoring method,electromagnetic radiation method,acoustic emission method,microseism monitoring method,seism tomography method,etc.A formulation of multi-source and multi-field monitoring system for roadway surrounding rock structure in deep underground was proposed,which was built by use of informatization technology for roadway surrounding rock structure monitoring in deep underground.Key technologies of the informatization technology were expounded form aspects of data perception,collection,transmission and analysis.What's more,some challenges of the informatization technology were discussed including energy supply of sensor nodes in limited environment,unified interaction of heterogeneous sensor and data transmission of time-delay sensitive network.
In underground mining process,variety of roadway surrounding rock structure has obvious non-linearity characteristic,and larger coal-rock dynamic disasters are triggered easily. Existing monitoring technologies for roadway surrounding rock in deep underground are based on data collection of single physical quantity and lack joint monitoring and analysis of multi physical quantities,which are unable to correctly judge deformation state of surrounding rock structure.For above problems,existing monitoring technologies for roadway surrounding rock in deep underground were analyzed including drilling cuttings method,core disking method,stress measuring method,surrounding rock deformation monitoring method,electromagnetic radiation method,acoustic emission method,microseism monitoring method,seism tomography method,etc.A formulation of multi-source and multi-field monitoring system for roadway surrounding rock structure in deep underground was proposed,which was built by use of informatization technology for roadway surrounding rock structure monitoring in deep underground.Key technologies of the informatization technology were expounded form aspects of data perception,collection,transmission and analysis.What's more,some challenges of the informatization technology were discussed including energy supply of sensor nodes in limited environment,unified interaction of heterogeneous sensor and data transmission of time-delay sensitive network.
引文
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[2]何满潮.深部软岩工程的研究进展与挑战[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1409-1417.HE Manchao.Progress and challenges of soft rock engineering in depth[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1409-1417.
[3]康红普.深部煤矿应力分布特征及巷道围岩控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(9):12-17.KANG Hongpu.Stress distribution characteristics and strata control technology for roadways in deep coal mines[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(9):12-17.
[4]孙继平,钱晓红.2004-2015年全国煤矿事故分析[J].工矿自动化,2016,42(11):1-5.SUN Jiping,QIAN Xiaohong.Analysis of coal mine accidents in China during 2004-2015[J].Industry and Mine Automation,2016,42(11):1-5.
[5]李树忱,李术才,徐帮树.隧道围岩稳定分析的最小安全系数法[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):549-554.LI Shuchen,LI Shucai,XU Bangshu.Minimum safety factor method for stability analysis of surrounding rockmass of tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):549-554.
[6]ZHANG Qiang,JIANG Binsong,WANG Shuilin,et al.Elasto-plastic analysis of a circular opening in strain-softening rock mass[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,50:38-46.
[7]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3010.XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3003-3010.
[8]PУППИНЕЙТK B.Некоторыевопросымеханикигорныхпород[M].Москва:Углетехиздат,1954.
[9]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[10]姜福兴,张兴民,杨淑华,等.长壁采场覆岩空间结构探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):979-984.JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,YANG Shuhua,et al.Discussion on overlying strata spatial structures of longwall in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):979-984.
[11]史红,王存文,孔令海,等.“S”型覆岩空间结构煤柱导致冲击失稳的力学机制探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊2):3508-3513.SHI Hong,WANG Cunwen,KONG Linghai,et al.Mechanism discussion on rock bursting caused by coal pillar of S-shaped overlying multi-strata spatial structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3508-3513.
[12]冯飞胜,成云海,孙振平,等.基于覆岩空间结构理论的矿压特征分析及应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(9):36-41.FENG Feisheng,CHENG Yunhai,SUN Zhenping,et al.Prediction and application of underground pressure feature based on overlying strata spatial structures theory[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(9):36-41.
[13]DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu,HE Hu,et al.Spatial structure evolution of overlying strata and inducing mechanism of rockburst in coal mine[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(4):1255-1261.
[14]曲效成,姜福兴,于正兴,等.基于当量钻屑法的冲击地压监测预警技术研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(11):2346-2351.QU Xiaocheng,JIANG Fuxing,YU Zhengxing,et al.Rockburst monitoring and precaution technology based on equivalent drilling research and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(11):2346-2351.
[15]刘金海,翟明华,郭信山,等.震动场、应力场联合监测冲击地压的理论与应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):353-363.LIU Jinhai,ZHAI Minghua,GUO Xinshan,et al.Theory of coal burst monitoring using technology of vibration field combined with stress field and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):353-363.
[16]徐奴文,唐春安,沙椿,等.锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡微震监测系统及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):915-925.XU Nuwen,TANG Chun'an,SHA Chun,et al.Microseismic monitoring system establishment and its engineering applications to left bank slope of Jinping Ihydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):915-925.
[17]LURKA A.Location of high seismic activity zones and seismic hazard assessment in Zabrze Bielszowice coal mine using passive tomography[J].China University of Mining&Technology,2008,18(2):177-181.
[18]李彦恒,谭可可,冯利.基于岩饼几何形态测量的原地应力测定方法[J].岩土力学,2012,33(增刊2):224-228.LI Yanheng,TAN Keke,FENG Li.Estimation of in situ geostress states from measuring shape of disked core[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(S2):224-228.
[19]张雄.视觉计算在煤矿巷道变形监测中的应用研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2015.
[20]王恩元,李忠辉,何学秋,等.煤与瓦斯突出电磁辐射预警技术及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(6):53-57.WANG Enyuan,LI Zhonghui,HE Xueqiu,et al.Application and pre-warning technology of coal and gas outburst by electromagnetic radiation[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(6):53-57.
[21]马超群,陆道儿,李天明,等.MTT-92型煤与瓦斯突出危险探测仪的研制及试验[J].煤炭工程师,1996(6):1-8.
[22]杨勇.煤岩电磁辐射机理及在冲击地压预测中的应用研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2007.
[23]陈世海.冲击地压电磁辐射前兆信息识别技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.
[24]汪玉凤,叶丹丹,李鑫,等.新型煤岩电磁辐射监测系统[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(3):272-277.WANG Yufeng,YE Dandan,LI Xin,et al.New electromagnetic radiation monitoring system of coal and rock[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2017,36(3):272-277.
[25]王恩元,何学秋,刘贞堂,等.煤体破裂声发射的频谱特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):289-292.WANG Enyuan,HE Xueqiu,LIU Zhentang,et al.Study on frequency spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission in coal or rock deformation and fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(3):289-292.
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