生物有机肥对芦笋土壤酶活性及细菌群落的影响
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摘要
以芦笋种植土壤为试材,应用巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)和荧光假单孢菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)等比混合的复合菌剂加入蚯蚓粪制备成生物有机肥,采用完全随机设计,探究了生物有机肥对土壤酶活性及土壤细菌群落结构的影响。试验设生物有机肥处理4个(A、B、C、D)、复合肥处理1个(E)、以不施肥为对照(CK)。结果表明:处理90d施用生物有机肥对土壤酶活性影响明显,其中800g·m~(-2)生物有机肥处理土壤脲酶与纤维素酶活性较CK增幅最大,600g·m~(-2)生物有机肥处理蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性较CK增幅最大,同时发现PCR-DGGE结果中800g·m~(-2)生物有机肥处理在各阶段细菌多样性表现最好,其中90dShannon-Wiener指数相对CK和复合肥处理分别增加26.05%、93.87%,丰富度指数增加24.92%和56.99%。并发现施用生物有机肥后土壤中巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的含量提高,抑制了有害细菌繁殖。90d测定土壤肥力,指标显示600g·m~(-2)生物有机肥处理影响土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量最明显,分别比复合肥处理增加6.34%、37.31%、70.49%;而800g·m~(-2)生物有机肥处理影响土壤全磷、全钾、有机质含量最明显,分别比复合肥提高了1.43%、5.82%、18.82%。综上所述,施用生物有机肥能增加功能性有益细菌的含量,明显提高土壤细菌群落多样性与丰富度,从而提升土壤酶活性和土壤肥力。
Asparagus planting soil was the test material and the experiment was a completely randomized controlled study.We mixed 4 strains(Bacillus megaterium,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus coagulans and Pseudomonas fluorescens)and wormcast to manufacture bio-organic fertilizer.The study investigated the effects of different bio-organic fertilization amount on soil fertility factors and soil bacterial community structure.The experiment consisted of 4 bio-organic fertilizer treatments(A,B,C,D),1 compound fertilizer(E),and no fertilization(CK).The results showed that the enzyme activities of urease and cellulase in the soil treated with 800 g·m~(-2) bio-organic fertilizer treatment for90 days increased the most,the activity of sucrase and catalase increased the most in the 600 g·m~(-2) bio-organic fertilizer treatment and 800 g·m~(-2) bio-organic fertilizer treatment had the best bacterial diversity in all stages through the PCR-DGGE results.The Shannon-Wiener index increased by26.05%and 93.87% with respect to CK and compound fertilizer treatment at 90 days,respectively.And the Margalef′s index increased by 24.92% and 56.99%,respectively.The Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis content increased and the harmful bacteria decreased after used bio-organic fertilizer.The soil fertility indicators showed that the 600 g·m~(-2) bio-organic fertilizer treatment significantly affected soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,which were6.34%,37.31%and 70.49%higher than those of the compound fertilizer treatment,respectively.And the 800 g·m~(-2) treatment significantly affected soil total phosphorus,total potassium and organic matter,which were 1.43%,5.82% and 18.82% higher than those of the compound fertilizer treatment,respectively.Bio-organic fertilizer could increase the content of functionally beneficial bacteria,increase the diversity and richness of soil bacterial community,thus enhance soil enzyme activity and soil fertility.
Asparagus planting soil was the test material and the experiment was a completely randomized controlled study.We mixed 4 strains(Bacillus megaterium,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus coagulans and Pseudomonas fluorescens)and wormcast to manufacture bio-organic fertilizer.The study investigated the effects of different bio-organic fertilization amount on soil fertility factors and soil bacterial community structure.The experiment consisted of 4 bio-organic fertilizer treatments(A,B,C,D),1 compound fertilizer(E),and no fertilization(CK).The results showed that the enzyme activities of urease and cellulase in the soil treated with 800 g·m~(-2) bio-organic fertilizer treatment for90 days increased the most,the activity of sucrase and catalase increased the most in the 600 g·m~(-2) bio-organic fertilizer treatment and 800 g·m~(-2) bio-organic fertilizer treatment had the best bacterial diversity in all stages through the PCR-DGGE results.The Shannon-Wiener index increased by26.05%and 93.87% with respect to CK and compound fertilizer treatment at 90 days,respectively.And the Margalef′s index increased by 24.92% and 56.99%,respectively.The Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis content increased and the harmful bacteria decreased after used bio-organic fertilizer.The soil fertility indicators showed that the 600 g·m~(-2) bio-organic fertilizer treatment significantly affected soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,which were6.34%,37.31%and 70.49%higher than those of the compound fertilizer treatment,respectively.And the 800 g·m~(-2) treatment significantly affected soil total phosphorus,total potassium and organic matter,which were 1.43%,5.82% and 18.82% higher than those of the compound fertilizer treatment,respectively.Bio-organic fertilizer could increase the content of functionally beneficial bacteria,increase the diversity and richness of soil bacterial community,thus enhance soil enzyme activity and soil fertility.
引文
[1]陈河龙,马振川,杨克军,等.芦笋种质资源营养品质分析及评价[J].热带作物学报,2018(6):1061-1066.
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[6]DAS S,ADHYA T K.Effect of combine application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a tropical flooded soil planted to rice[J].Geoderma,2014,213(1):185-192.
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[9]叶协锋,杨超,李正,等.绿肥对植烟土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):445-454.
[10]关松萌.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-339.
[11]王亚男,李睿玉,朱晓换,等.土荆芥挥发油化感胁迫对土壤胞外酶活性和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017(13):4318-4326.
[12]陈法霖,张凯,郑华,等.PCR-DGG技术解析针叶和阔叶凋落物混合分解对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(2):145-150.
[13]王利民,李卫华,范平,等.长期培肥下红黄壤区茶园土壤酶活性的变化[J].茶叶科学,2012,32(4):347-352.
[14]樊军,郝明德.旱地农田土壤脲酶与碱性磷酸酶动力学特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):35-37.
[15]史吉平,张夫道,林葆.长期施肥对土壤有机质及生物学特性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,1998(3):7-11.
[16]徐华勤,肖润林,向佐湘,等.稻草覆盖、间作三叶草茶园土壤酶活性与养分的关系[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1537-1543.
[17]MARSCHNER P,KANDELER E,MARSCHNER B.Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a longterm fertilizer experiment[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2003,35(3):453-461.
[18]SUN H Y,DENG S P,RUAN W R.Bacterial community structure and diversity in a century-old manure-treated agroecosystem[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(10):5868-5874.
[19]KANCHIKERIMATH M,SINGH D.Soil organic matter and biological properties after 26years of maize-wheat-cowpea cropping as affected by manure and fertilization in a Cambisol in semiarid region of India[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2001,86(2):155-162.
[20]KUMAR V C,GAJANANA G N,BASAVARAJ B.Influence of sources of organic manures on availability of micronutrients to finger millet(Eleusine coracana,Gaertn)in Alfisal[J].Mapana-Journal of Sciences,2004(2):8-13.
[21]LIANG B,ZHAO W,YANG X,et al.Fate of nitrogen-15as influenced by soil and nutrient management history in a 19-year wheat-maize experiment[J].Field Crops Research,2013,144:126-134.
[2]彭柳林,余艳锋,周开洪.我国芦笋产业布局优化分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(1):123-127.
[3]李绪良,宋绍明,朱占林.川西北地区绿芦笋生长异常及应对措施[J].中国蔬菜,2015,1(9):87.
[4]LARKIN R P,GRIFFIN T S.Control of soilborne potato diseases using Brassica green manures[J].Crop Protection,2007,26(7):1067-1077.
[5]胡可,李华兴,卢维盛,等.生物有机肥对土壤微生物活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):303-306.
[6]DAS S,ADHYA T K.Effect of combine application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a tropical flooded soil planted to rice[J].Geoderma,2014,213(1):185-192.
[7]RASHMI K,SHNAKAR M A,NARAYANASWAMY TK,et al.Role of introduced organics and biofertilizers on soil fertility status and microflora of S36 mulberry garden[J].Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2009,43(4):646-649.
[8]孙运杰,马海林,刘方春,等.生物肥对蓝莓根际土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):167-171.
[9]叶协锋,杨超,李正,等.绿肥对植烟土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):445-454.
[10]关松萌.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-339.
[11]王亚男,李睿玉,朱晓换,等.土荆芥挥发油化感胁迫对土壤胞外酶活性和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017(13):4318-4326.
[12]陈法霖,张凯,郑华,等.PCR-DGG技术解析针叶和阔叶凋落物混合分解对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(2):145-150.
[13]王利民,李卫华,范平,等.长期培肥下红黄壤区茶园土壤酶活性的变化[J].茶叶科学,2012,32(4):347-352.
[14]樊军,郝明德.旱地农田土壤脲酶与碱性磷酸酶动力学特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):35-37.
[15]史吉平,张夫道,林葆.长期施肥对土壤有机质及生物学特性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,1998(3):7-11.
[16]徐华勤,肖润林,向佐湘,等.稻草覆盖、间作三叶草茶园土壤酶活性与养分的关系[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1537-1543.
[17]MARSCHNER P,KANDELER E,MARSCHNER B.Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a longterm fertilizer experiment[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2003,35(3):453-461.
[18]SUN H Y,DENG S P,RUAN W R.Bacterial community structure and diversity in a century-old manure-treated agroecosystem[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(10):5868-5874.
[19]KANCHIKERIMATH M,SINGH D.Soil organic matter and biological properties after 26years of maize-wheat-cowpea cropping as affected by manure and fertilization in a Cambisol in semiarid region of India[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2001,86(2):155-162.
[20]KUMAR V C,GAJANANA G N,BASAVARAJ B.Influence of sources of organic manures on availability of micronutrients to finger millet(Eleusine coracana,Gaertn)in Alfisal[J].Mapana-Journal of Sciences,2004(2):8-13.
[21]LIANG B,ZHAO W,YANG X,et al.Fate of nitrogen-15as influenced by soil and nutrient management history in a 19-year wheat-maize experiment[J].Field Crops Research,2013,144:126-134.
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