生物炭对杉木人工林土壤磷素吸附解吸特性的影响
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摘要
为了改善磷素吸附作用,提高磷在杉木人工林土壤中的利用率,又防止解吸过度引起土壤磷素淋溶造成资源浪费,以杉木树叶和树干为原料,分别在300℃和600℃下制备4种生物炭:300℃杉叶炭(BL300)、600℃杉叶炭(BL600)、300℃木屑炭(BW300)和600℃木屑炭(BW600),分别向土壤中加入0%、2%、4%、8%比例的生物炭,完成吸附解吸试验。结果表明,制备原料和温度对生物炭的成分和性质有决定性的作用,杉叶生物炭pH值、灰分含量、有效磷等的含量显著高于木屑生物炭,且高温炭大于低温炭,其中BL600生物炭pH值、灰分含量及有效磷含量最高;Langmuir模型能很好地拟合生物炭添加后红壤磷素的吸附过程,在低磷浓度时生物炭添加对土壤磷素吸附作用的影响不大,高磷浓度时则促进吸附作用;其中杉叶炭促进土壤磷素吸附的作用大于木屑炭,高温炭大于低温炭,2%和4%的生物炭添加量促进土壤磷素吸附,但8%的添加量会降低土壤对磷的吸附作用;生物炭添加在一定程度上降低了土壤磷素的解吸率,其中木屑炭降低的作用大于杉叶炭;因此建议在磷浓度较高的杉木林人工土壤中添加中低量的BL600,在磷浓度较低的杉木林人工土壤中添加大量的BL600,土壤富磷时能够增强吸附作用,减小土壤磷素淋溶风险,土壤缺磷时增加解吸率来提高土壤磷素利用率。
In order to alleviate the adsorption of phosphorus,increase the utilization rate of phosphorus in the soil of Chinese fir plantation,and prevent the waste of resources caused by the excessive desorption of phosphorus in the soil,in this study,the leaves and wood of Chinese fir were used as raw materials to prepare different types of biochar:BL300(prepared at the temperature of 300℃ with the fir leaves),BL600(600℃ with the fir leaves),BW300(300℃ with wood chips),BW 600(600℃ with wood chips).The adsorption and desorption experiments were completed by adding 0%,2%,4% and 8% biochar to the soil in turn.The study found that the preparation of raw materials and temperature had a decisive effect on the composition and properties of biochar.In terms of pH,ash content and available phosphorus content of Chinese fir leaf biochar were significantly higher than those of Chinese fir wood chip biochar,and high temperature biochar was higher than low temperature biochar,in which BL600 had the highest pH,ash content and available phosphorus content.Langmuir model could well fit the adsorption process of phosphorus in red soil after biochar was applied.The effect of biochar addition on phosphorus adsorption was not obvious at low phosphorus concentration,but it was promoted at high phosphorus concentration.The effect of Chinese fir leaf biochar on soil phosphorus adsorption was greater than that of Chinese fir wood chip biochar,high temperature biochar was higher than low temperature biochar,and 2% and 4% biochar addition promoted soil phosphorus adsorption,but 8% biochar addition will reduce the adsorption of phosphorus in the soil.The addition of biochar would reduce the desorption rate of soil phosphorus to a certain extent,and the effect of reduction of Chinese fir wood chip biochar was greater than that of Chinese fir leaf biochar.Therefore,it was suggested that low to medium amounts of BL600 be added to the soils of Chinese fir plantations with high phosphorus concentration and large amount of BL600 be added to the soils of Chinese fir plantations with lower phosphorus concentration.When the soil was rich in phosphorus,it could enhance the adsorption and reduce the risk of soil phosphorus leaching.When the soil was deficient in phosphorus,it could increase the desorption rate to improve the utilization rate of soil phosphorus.
In order to alleviate the adsorption of phosphorus,increase the utilization rate of phosphorus in the soil of Chinese fir plantation,and prevent the waste of resources caused by the excessive desorption of phosphorus in the soil,in this study,the leaves and wood of Chinese fir were used as raw materials to prepare different types of biochar:BL300(prepared at the temperature of 300℃ with the fir leaves),BL600(600℃ with the fir leaves),BW300(300℃ with wood chips),BW 600(600℃ with wood chips).The adsorption and desorption experiments were completed by adding 0%,2%,4% and 8% biochar to the soil in turn.The study found that the preparation of raw materials and temperature had a decisive effect on the composition and properties of biochar.In terms of pH,ash content and available phosphorus content of Chinese fir leaf biochar were significantly higher than those of Chinese fir wood chip biochar,and high temperature biochar was higher than low temperature biochar,in which BL600 had the highest pH,ash content and available phosphorus content.Langmuir model could well fit the adsorption process of phosphorus in red soil after biochar was applied.The effect of biochar addition on phosphorus adsorption was not obvious at low phosphorus concentration,but it was promoted at high phosphorus concentration.The effect of Chinese fir leaf biochar on soil phosphorus adsorption was greater than that of Chinese fir wood chip biochar,high temperature biochar was higher than low temperature biochar,and 2% and 4% biochar addition promoted soil phosphorus adsorption,but 8% biochar addition will reduce the adsorption of phosphorus in the soil.The addition of biochar would reduce the desorption rate of soil phosphorus to a certain extent,and the effect of reduction of Chinese fir wood chip biochar was greater than that of Chinese fir leaf biochar.Therefore,it was suggested that low to medium amounts of BL600 be added to the soils of Chinese fir plantations with high phosphorus concentration and large amount of BL600 be added to the soils of Chinese fir plantations with lower phosphorus concentration.When the soil was rich in phosphorus,it could enhance the adsorption and reduce the risk of soil phosphorus leaching.When the soil was deficient in phosphorus,it could increase the desorption rate to improve the utilization rate of soil phosphorus.
引文
[1] 周垂帆,林静雯,李莹,等.草甘膦对土壤磷形态及有效性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(6):71-77.ZHOU C F,LIN J W,LI Y,et al.Effects of glyphosate on inorganic phosphorus transformation in soil[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(6):71-77.(in Chinese)
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[4] CHEN B,CHEN Z,LV S.A novel magnetic biochar efficiently sorbs organic pollutants and phosphate [J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(2):716-723.
[5] WARNOCK D D,LEHMANN J,KUYPER T W,et al.Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil-concepts and mechanisms[J].Plant & Soil,2007,300(2):9-20.
[6] GANG X,JUN N S,HONG B S et al.Biochar had effects on phosphorus sorption and desorption in three soils with differing acidity[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,62(1):54-60.
[7] GLASER B,LEHMANN J,ZECH W.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal——a review [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2002,35(4):219-230.
[8] DEENIK J L,MCCLELLAN T,UEHARA G,et al.Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations [J].Soil Science Sociery of Amarica Journal,2010,74(4):1259-1270.
[9] 李莹,魏志超,李惠通,等.生物炭对杉木人工林土壤碳氮矿化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):314-321.LI Y,WEI Z C,LI H T,et al.Effect of biochar on C and N mineralization in soil from Chinese fir plantation [J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(2):314-321.(in Chinese)
[10] 郎印海,王慧,刘伟.柚皮生物炭对土壤中磷吸附能力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2015,45(4):78-84.LANG Y H,WANG H,LIU W.Effects of pomelo peel biochar on phosphorus adsorption capacity in soil[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China:Natural Science,2015,45(4):78-84.(in Chinese)
[11] 李仁英,吴洪生,黄利东,等.不同来源生物炭对土壤磷吸附解吸的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(6):1398-1403.LI R Y,WU H S,HUANG L D,et al.Effect of biochars of different sources on adsorption and desorption of phosphorus in soil[J].Chinese Journal of SoilScience,2017,48(6):1398-1403.(in Chinese)
[12] 李力,刘娅,陆宇超,等.生物炭的环境效应及其应用的研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(8):1411-1421.LI L,LIU Y,LU Y C,et al.Research progress on the environmental effects of biochar and its application [J].Environmental Chemistry,2011,30(8):1411-1421.(in Chinese)
[13] HILSCHER A,HEISTER K,SIEWERT C,et al.Mineralisation and structural changes during the initial phase of microbial degradation of pyrogenic plant residues in soil [J].Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(3):332-342.
[14] ZHANG P,SUN H,MIN L,et al.Biochars change the sorption and degradation of thiacloprid in soil:insights into chemical and biological mechanisms [J].Environmental Pollution,2018,236:158-167.
[15] DEMPSTER D N,GLEESON D B,SOLAIMAN Z M,et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil [J].Plant & Soil,2012,354(1-2):311-324.
[16] ZWIETEN L V,KIMBER S,MORRIS S,et al.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility [J].Plant & Soil,2010,327(1/2):235-246.
[17] 夏丽丹,于姣妲,邓玲玲,等.杉木人工林地力衰退研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2018,31(2):37-42.XIA L D,YU J D,DENG L L,et al.Researches on soil decline of Chinese fir plantation[J].World Forestry Research,2018,31(2):37-42.(in Chinese)
[18] 代银分,李永梅,范茂攀,等.不同原料生物炭对磷的吸附-解吸能力及其对土壤磷吸附解析的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(5):345-351.DAI Y F,LI Y M,FAN M P,et al.The study on phosphorus sorption- desorption capacity of different biochar and the effect of its amendment to soil [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2016,36(5):345-351.(in Chinese)
[19] AGBENIN J O.Adsorbed phosphorus partitioning in some benchmark soilsfrom Northeast Brazil.Nutr.[J].Cycl.Agroecosyst,1994,40(3):185-191.
[20] 匡恩俊,刘峰,朱迟.不同改土物料对白浆土磷吸附解吸的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(5):772-776.YAN E J,LIU F,ZHU C.Effects of different soil improvement materials on phosphorus adsorption and desorption of albic soil[J].Soils,2009,41(5):772-776.(in Chinese)
[21] YUAN J H,XU R K,ZHANG H.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures [J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):3488-3497.
[22] PIGNATELLO J J,KWON S,LU Y.Effect of natural organic substances on the surface and adsorptive properties of environmental black carbon (char):attenuation of surface activity by humic and fulvic acids[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2006,40(24):7757-7763.
[23] 巢军委,王建国,戴敏,等.生物炭对水稻土Olsen-P的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(4):670-674.CHAO J W,WANG J G,DAI M,et al.Effects of biochar on Olsen-P in paddy soil[J].Soils,2015,47(4):670-674.(in Chinese)
[24] LAUBEL A,JACOBSEN O H,BRIAN K,et al.Andersen.Subsurface drainage loss of particles and phosphorus from field plot experiments and atile-drained catchment[J].J.Environ.Qual.,1999,28(2):576-584.
[2] 王永壮,陈欣,史奕.农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):260-268.WANG Y Z,CHEN X,SHI Y.Phosphorus availability in cropland soils of China and related affecting factors [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(1):260-268.(in Chinese)
[3] 刘素真,孙玉军.土壤养分与杉木生长的相关性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(5):15-19.LIU S Z,SUN Y J.Correlation between soil nutrients and the growth of Chinese fir[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(5):15-19.(in Chinese)
[4] CHEN B,CHEN Z,LV S.A novel magnetic biochar efficiently sorbs organic pollutants and phosphate [J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(2):716-723.
[5] WARNOCK D D,LEHMANN J,KUYPER T W,et al.Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil-concepts and mechanisms[J].Plant & Soil,2007,300(2):9-20.
[6] GANG X,JUN N S,HONG B S et al.Biochar had effects on phosphorus sorption and desorption in three soils with differing acidity[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,62(1):54-60.
[7] GLASER B,LEHMANN J,ZECH W.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal——a review [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2002,35(4):219-230.
[8] DEENIK J L,MCCLELLAN T,UEHARA G,et al.Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations [J].Soil Science Sociery of Amarica Journal,2010,74(4):1259-1270.
[9] 李莹,魏志超,李惠通,等.生物炭对杉木人工林土壤碳氮矿化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):314-321.LI Y,WEI Z C,LI H T,et al.Effect of biochar on C and N mineralization in soil from Chinese fir plantation [J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(2):314-321.(in Chinese)
[10] 郎印海,王慧,刘伟.柚皮生物炭对土壤中磷吸附能力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2015,45(4):78-84.LANG Y H,WANG H,LIU W.Effects of pomelo peel biochar on phosphorus adsorption capacity in soil[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China:Natural Science,2015,45(4):78-84.(in Chinese)
[11] 李仁英,吴洪生,黄利东,等.不同来源生物炭对土壤磷吸附解吸的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(6):1398-1403.LI R Y,WU H S,HUANG L D,et al.Effect of biochars of different sources on adsorption and desorption of phosphorus in soil[J].Chinese Journal of SoilScience,2017,48(6):1398-1403.(in Chinese)
[12] 李力,刘娅,陆宇超,等.生物炭的环境效应及其应用的研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(8):1411-1421.LI L,LIU Y,LU Y C,et al.Research progress on the environmental effects of biochar and its application [J].Environmental Chemistry,2011,30(8):1411-1421.(in Chinese)
[13] HILSCHER A,HEISTER K,SIEWERT C,et al.Mineralisation and structural changes during the initial phase of microbial degradation of pyrogenic plant residues in soil [J].Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(3):332-342.
[14] ZHANG P,SUN H,MIN L,et al.Biochars change the sorption and degradation of thiacloprid in soil:insights into chemical and biological mechanisms [J].Environmental Pollution,2018,236:158-167.
[15] DEMPSTER D N,GLEESON D B,SOLAIMAN Z M,et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil [J].Plant & Soil,2012,354(1-2):311-324.
[16] ZWIETEN L V,KIMBER S,MORRIS S,et al.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility [J].Plant & Soil,2010,327(1/2):235-246.
[17] 夏丽丹,于姣妲,邓玲玲,等.杉木人工林地力衰退研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2018,31(2):37-42.XIA L D,YU J D,DENG L L,et al.Researches on soil decline of Chinese fir plantation[J].World Forestry Research,2018,31(2):37-42.(in Chinese)
[18] 代银分,李永梅,范茂攀,等.不同原料生物炭对磷的吸附-解吸能力及其对土壤磷吸附解析的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(5):345-351.DAI Y F,LI Y M,FAN M P,et al.The study on phosphorus sorption- desorption capacity of different biochar and the effect of its amendment to soil [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2016,36(5):345-351.(in Chinese)
[19] AGBENIN J O.Adsorbed phosphorus partitioning in some benchmark soilsfrom Northeast Brazil.Nutr.[J].Cycl.Agroecosyst,1994,40(3):185-191.
[20] 匡恩俊,刘峰,朱迟.不同改土物料对白浆土磷吸附解吸的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(5):772-776.YAN E J,LIU F,ZHU C.Effects of different soil improvement materials on phosphorus adsorption and desorption of albic soil[J].Soils,2009,41(5):772-776.(in Chinese)
[21] YUAN J H,XU R K,ZHANG H.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures [J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):3488-3497.
[22] PIGNATELLO J J,KWON S,LU Y.Effect of natural organic substances on the surface and adsorptive properties of environmental black carbon (char):attenuation of surface activity by humic and fulvic acids[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2006,40(24):7757-7763.
[23] 巢军委,王建国,戴敏,等.生物炭对水稻土Olsen-P的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(4):670-674.CHAO J W,WANG J G,DAI M,et al.Effects of biochar on Olsen-P in paddy soil[J].Soils,2015,47(4):670-674.(in Chinese)
[24] LAUBEL A,JACOBSEN O H,BRIAN K,et al.Andersen.Subsurface drainage loss of particles and phosphorus from field plot experiments and atile-drained catchment[J].J.Environ.Qual.,1999,28(2):576-584.
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