基于中控DCS的积分分离PID在油气田的应用
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摘要
某油气场所三相分离器的界位控制,需频繁整定PID参数但并不能取得很好的控制效果。为了提高控制精度、减少对下游流程的影响、降低维护人员的工作强度,对场站内所采用的浙大中控DCS系统的PID功能块进行改进。采用了不同于原有PID功能块积分分离的方法,当测量值与设定值之间的误差绝对值开始变小时切除PID算法的积分作用。对控制对象建立数学模型,通过Matlab软件进行仿真来验证改进PID算法的性能和此算法可能会带来的负面影响。仿真发现改进PID算法能很好地抑制因PID积分左右而引起的系统震荡,对于同一个控制对象改进PID算法对PID参数的可选择范围变得更广,极大地降低了PID参数整定的难度,控制系统的鲁棒性变得更强,但可能造成系统的误差消除速度变得非常缓慢。在实际的DCS控制系统中对改进PID算法进行了应用,取得了和仿真一致的良好效果。
For the position control of a three-phase separator in certain oil and gas field,the PID parameters need to be adjusted frequently and the control effect is not very good. In order to improve the control accuracy,reduce the impact on downstream process and reduce the work intensity of maintenance personnel,the PID function block of DCS system by Zhejiang University is improved. Different from the original method of integral separation of PID function blocks,the integral function of the PID algorithm is removed when the absolute value of the error between the measured value and the set value becomes smaller. The mathematical model of the control object is established,and the performance of the improved PID algorithm and the possible negative effects of the algorithm are verified by simulation with MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the improved PID algorithm can better restrain the system oscillation caused by the integral of the PID. For the same control object,the improved PID algorithm can choose more widely the parameters of the PID,greatly reduce the difficulty of setting the parameters of the PID,and enhance the robustness of the control system,but it may cause the speed of error elimination of the system to become very slow. The improved PID algorithm is applied in the actual DCS control system,and good results are obtained in accordance with the simulation results.
For the position control of a three-phase separator in certain oil and gas field,the PID parameters need to be adjusted frequently and the control effect is not very good. In order to improve the control accuracy,reduce the impact on downstream process and reduce the work intensity of maintenance personnel,the PID function block of DCS system by Zhejiang University is improved. Different from the original method of integral separation of PID function blocks,the integral function of the PID algorithm is removed when the absolute value of the error between the measured value and the set value becomes smaller. The mathematical model of the control object is established,and the performance of the improved PID algorithm and the possible negative effects of the algorithm are verified by simulation with MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the improved PID algorithm can better restrain the system oscillation caused by the integral of the PID. For the same control object,the improved PID algorithm can choose more widely the parameters of the PID,greatly reduce the difficulty of setting the parameters of the PID,and enhance the robustness of the control system,but it may cause the speed of error elimination of the system to become very slow. The improved PID algorithm is applied in the actual DCS control system,and good results are obtained in accordance with the simulation results.
引文
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[9]钮锋,桑广吉.三冲量锅炉汽包水位不完全微分PID控制的研究[J].节能技术,2007,25(5):429-431.Niu Feng,Sang Guangji.Study of Incomplete Differential PIDControl in Three-Variable Boiler Water System[J].Energy Conservation Technology,2007,25(5):429-431.
[10]符晓玲,姜波.基于DSP的数字PID控制器设计[J].现代电子技术,2007,30(7):129-131.Fu Xiaoling,Jiang Bo.Design of Digital PID Controller Based on DSP[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2007,30(7):129-131.
[11]李颖宏,甘泉.基于限幅的最优PID控制器[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(8):973-976.Li Yinghong,Gan Quan.Optimized PID Controller Based on Amplitude Limiting[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2006,27(8):973-976.
[12]李定珍.基于双极性PID算法的温度控制系统[J].仪表技术与传感器,2013,(6):59-61.Li Dingzhen.Design of Temperature Control System Based on Dual Polarity PID Algorithm[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2013,(6):59-61.
[13]雷添翔.解析法化简控制系统传递函数方框图的研究[J].河北工业科技,2012,29(5):295-297.Lei Tianxiang.Simplification of Transfer Function Block Diagram of Control System by Using Analytic Method[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2012,29(5):295-297.
[14]赵科,王生铁,张计科.三容水箱的机理建模[J].控制工程,2006,13(6):521-524.Zhao Ke,Wang Shengtie,Zhang Jike.Mechanism Modeling for Three-Tank Water[J].Control Engineering of China,2006,13(6):521-524.
[15]刘洋,杨薇,张付杰.二阶系统性能改善的Matlab仿真分析[J].现代电子技术,2012,35(12):98-100.Liu Yang,Yang Wei,Zhang Fujie.Matlab-Based Simulation Analysis on Improvement of Second-Order System Performance[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2012,35(12):98-100.
[16]Caspi P,Curic A,Maignan A,et al.Translating Discrete-Time Simulink to Lustre[C]//Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Embedded Software,October 13-15,2003,Philadelphia,PA,USA.New York:ACM,2003.
[17]杨益兴,崔大连,周爱军.模糊自适应PID控制器及Simulink仿真实现[J].舰船电子工程,2010,30(4):127-130.Yang Yixing,Cui Dalian,Zhou Aijun.Self-Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller and Realizing the Control System in Simulink Environment[J].Ship Electronic Engineering,2010,30(4):127-130.
[18]何东健,刘忠超,范灵燕.基于MATLAB的PID控制器参数整定及仿真[J].西安科技大学学报,2006,26(4):511-514.He Dongjian,Liu Zhongchao,Fan Lingyan.Parameter Tuning and Emulation of PID Controller Based on MATLAB[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2006,26(4):511-514.
[2]王殳,孙剑,李伟,等.积分切除法在核电厂控制系统中的应用分析[J].核动力工程,2015,36(增刊2):69-72.Wang Shu,Sun Jian,Li Wei,et al.Analysis of Anti-Windup Technique in NPP Control Systems[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,2015,36(Suppl 2):69-72.
[3]涂承媛.自动控制中的隐式微分与积分作用机理[J].科学通报,1990,35(1):80.Tu Chengyuan.Mechanism of Implicit Differentiation and Implicit Integration in Automatic Control[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1990,35(1):80.
[4]丁启耀.天然气脱水工艺乙二醇损耗大原因分析及处理[J].广州化工,2013,41(21):133-135.Ding Qiyao.Analysis and Treatment of the Glycol Loss in the Process of Natural Gas Treatment[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2013,41(21):133-135.
[5]晁宏洲,王赤宇,马亚琴,等.乙二醇循环系统的工艺运行分析[J].石油与天然气化工,2007,36(2):110-113.Chao Hongzhou,Wang Chiyu,Ma Yaqin,et al.The Process Operation Analysis of Glycol Circulation System[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2007,36(2):110-113.
[6]Martens J A,Jacobs P A,Weitkamp J.Attempts to Rationalize the Distribution of Hydrocracked Products.I Qualitative Description of the Primary Hydrocracking Modes of Long Chain Paraffins in Open Zeolites[J].Applied Catalysis,1986,20:239-281.
[7]王锦标,刘宇.DCS中PID控制功能块的无扰动切换[J].基础自动化,2001,8(4):26-28.Wang Jinbiao,Liu Yu.Undisturbed Switching of PID Control Function Blocks in DCS[J].Basic Automation,2001,8(4):26-28.
[8]张晓,王晓宇,郭涛,等.增量式PID规律在电机软启动控制中的应用[J].机电一体化,2008,14(12):57-59.Zhang Xiao,Wang Xiaoyu,Guo Tao,et al.Application of Increasing PID Controlling Method in the Control of Motor Soft Start[J].Mechatronics,2008,14(12):57-59.
[9]钮锋,桑广吉.三冲量锅炉汽包水位不完全微分PID控制的研究[J].节能技术,2007,25(5):429-431.Niu Feng,Sang Guangji.Study of Incomplete Differential PIDControl in Three-Variable Boiler Water System[J].Energy Conservation Technology,2007,25(5):429-431.
[10]符晓玲,姜波.基于DSP的数字PID控制器设计[J].现代电子技术,2007,30(7):129-131.Fu Xiaoling,Jiang Bo.Design of Digital PID Controller Based on DSP[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2007,30(7):129-131.
[11]李颖宏,甘泉.基于限幅的最优PID控制器[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(8):973-976.Li Yinghong,Gan Quan.Optimized PID Controller Based on Amplitude Limiting[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2006,27(8):973-976.
[12]李定珍.基于双极性PID算法的温度控制系统[J].仪表技术与传感器,2013,(6):59-61.Li Dingzhen.Design of Temperature Control System Based on Dual Polarity PID Algorithm[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2013,(6):59-61.
[13]雷添翔.解析法化简控制系统传递函数方框图的研究[J].河北工业科技,2012,29(5):295-297.Lei Tianxiang.Simplification of Transfer Function Block Diagram of Control System by Using Analytic Method[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2012,29(5):295-297.
[14]赵科,王生铁,张计科.三容水箱的机理建模[J].控制工程,2006,13(6):521-524.Zhao Ke,Wang Shengtie,Zhang Jike.Mechanism Modeling for Three-Tank Water[J].Control Engineering of China,2006,13(6):521-524.
[15]刘洋,杨薇,张付杰.二阶系统性能改善的Matlab仿真分析[J].现代电子技术,2012,35(12):98-100.Liu Yang,Yang Wei,Zhang Fujie.Matlab-Based Simulation Analysis on Improvement of Second-Order System Performance[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2012,35(12):98-100.
[16]Caspi P,Curic A,Maignan A,et al.Translating Discrete-Time Simulink to Lustre[C]//Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Embedded Software,October 13-15,2003,Philadelphia,PA,USA.New York:ACM,2003.
[17]杨益兴,崔大连,周爱军.模糊自适应PID控制器及Simulink仿真实现[J].舰船电子工程,2010,30(4):127-130.Yang Yixing,Cui Dalian,Zhou Aijun.Self-Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller and Realizing the Control System in Simulink Environment[J].Ship Electronic Engineering,2010,30(4):127-130.
[18]何东健,刘忠超,范灵燕.基于MATLAB的PID控制器参数整定及仿真[J].西安科技大学学报,2006,26(4):511-514.He Dongjian,Liu Zhongchao,Fan Lingyan.Parameter Tuning and Emulation of PID Controller Based on MATLAB[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2006,26(4):511-514.
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