藏东德弄弄巴古滑坡堆积体物理力学特征及稳定性分析
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摘要
拟建川藏铁路是自然、地质环境最为复杂的铁路工程,地质灾害作为局部乃至全线的关键控制节点,关乎川藏铁路建设的成败。野外调查表明,德弄弄巴古滑坡位于藏东地区藏曲河右岸一级阶地上,在川藏铁路选线或建设过程中备受关注,其稳定性是直接影响着铁路选线的必要条件。本文在野外调查的基础上,对德弄弄巴古滑坡堆积体的物理力学特征和稳定性进行系统分析和计算。结果表明:天然工况下,组成德弄弄巴古滑坡的碎石土干密度达1. 75 g/cm3以上,含水率低于4%,并且堆积体的黏聚力和内摩擦角与含水率呈显著相关性,随含水率增加而减小;基于FLAC3D数值模拟和GEO-SLOPE稳定性分析表明,堆积体在天然和暴雨工况下整体稳定,但在强降雨条件下,坡脚和坡体后缘地形转折处稳定性较差,坡脚稳定性系数仅0. 761。该滑坡在暴雨、地震和人类活动等作用下,极有可能发生局部失稳,影响铁路建设和坡体上居民安全,应进行必要的综合治理和稳定性监测。
The proposed Sichuan-Tibet Railway is the most complicated railway in nature and geological environment. The geological disaster,as a key control node of local and even the whole line,is related to the success or failure of Sichuan-Tibet Railway construction. Field investigation shows that the Denongnongba ancient landslide is located on the first order land of the right bank in Zangqu River,and has attracted much attention in the process of railway line selection or construction in Sichuan and Tibet,and its stability is a necessary condition for railway selection line. Based on field investigation,this paper systematically calculated and analyzed the physical and mechanical parameters and stability of the ancient landslide deposit. The results show that under natural conditions,the dry density of gravel is above 1. 75 g/cm3,and the water content is less than 4%,and the cohesion and internal friction angle of the deposit are significantly correlated with water content,which decreases with the increase of water content. Based on FLAC3 Dnumerical simulation and GEO-SLOPE stability result,it is shown that the landslide deposit is stable under natural and rainstorm conditions,but the stability of toe and the posterior edge of slope is poor under heavy rainfall condition,and the stability coefficient of toe is only 0. 761. Under the action of rainstorm,earthquake and human activity,the deposit is likely to be local instability,which affects the safety of railway construction and the residents on the slope,and it is necessary to take comprehensive management and stability monitoring to the landslide.
The proposed Sichuan-Tibet Railway is the most complicated railway in nature and geological environment. The geological disaster,as a key control node of local and even the whole line,is related to the success or failure of Sichuan-Tibet Railway construction. Field investigation shows that the Denongnongba ancient landslide is located on the first order land of the right bank in Zangqu River,and has attracted much attention in the process of railway line selection or construction in Sichuan and Tibet,and its stability is a necessary condition for railway selection line. Based on field investigation,this paper systematically calculated and analyzed the physical and mechanical parameters and stability of the ancient landslide deposit. The results show that under natural conditions,the dry density of gravel is above 1. 75 g/cm3,and the water content is less than 4%,and the cohesion and internal friction angle of the deposit are significantly correlated with water content,which decreases with the increase of water content. Based on FLAC3 Dnumerical simulation and GEO-SLOPE stability result,it is shown that the landslide deposit is stable under natural and rainstorm conditions,but the stability of toe and the posterior edge of slope is poor under heavy rainfall condition,and the stability coefficient of toe is only 0. 761. Under the action of rainstorm,earthquake and human activity,the deposit is likely to be local instability,which affects the safety of railway construction and the residents on the slope,and it is necessary to take comprehensive management and stability monitoring to the landslide.
引文
[1]张玉，徐卫亚，石崇，等．争岗滑坡堆积体稳定性及治理措施研究[J]．岩土工程学报，2010,32(9):1470-1478.
[2]黄润秋．20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2007,26(3):433-454.
[3]郭长宝，张永双，蒋良文，等．川藏铁路沿线及邻区环境工程地质问题概论[J]．现代地质，2017,31(5):877-889.
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[5]吴瑞安，郭长宝，杜宇本，等．川藏铁路加查—朗县段地质灾害发育特征研究[J]．现代地质，2017,31(5):956-964.
[6]任三绍，郭长宝，吴瑞安，等．成兰铁路松潘隧道入口红花屯古滑坡发育特征与稳定性分析[J]．地质力学学报，2017,23(5):754-765.
[7]郭长宝，张永双，周能娟，等．地震地质灾害防治工程运行效果评价:以汶川震区平武县魏坝滑坡为例[J]．现代地质，2014,28(2):419-428.
[8]祝介旺，苏天明，张路青，等．川藏公路102滑坡失稳因素与治理方案研究[J]．水文地质工程地质，2010,37(3):43-47.
[9]刘正梁，孔纪名，周勇．镇胜高速公路晴隆古滑坡成因特点及防治对策[J]．山地学报，2008,26(6):727-732.
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[11]余凯．紫坪铺库区漩口滑坡监测及稳定性分析[D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京)，2014.
[12]任三绍，郭长宝，张永双，等．川西巴塘茶树山滑坡发育特征及形成机理[J]．现代地质，2017,31(5):978-989.
[13]武雄，于青春，何满潮，等．三峡库区巴东黄土坡巨型古滑坡体形成机理[J]．水利学报，2006,37(8):969-976.
[14]李郎平，兰恒星，郭长宝，等．基于改进频率比法的川藏铁路沿线及邻区地质灾害易发性分区评价[J]．现代地质，2017,31(5):911-929.
[15]胡卸文，黄润秋，朱海勇，等．唐家山堰塞湖库区马铃岩滑坡地震复活效应及其稳定性研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2009,28(6):1270-1278.
[16]殷跃平，李廷强，唐军．四川省丹巴县城滑坡失稳及应急加固研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2008,27(5):971-978.
[17]许建聪，尚岳全．碎石土古滑坡稳定性分析[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2007,26(1):57-65.
[18]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司．TB 10102—2010铁路工程土工试验规程[S]．北京:中国铁道出版社，2011.
[19]李振，邢义川．干密度和细粒含量对砂卵石及碎石抗剪强度的影响[J]．岩土力学，2006,27(12):2255-2260.
[20]陈永平，施明恒．基于分形理论的多孔介质渗透率的研究[J]．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2000,40(12):94-97.
[21] TAYLOR D W. Fundamentals of soil mechanics[J]. Soil Science,1960,66(2):161.
[22]黄琨，万军伟，陈刚，等．非饱和土的抗剪强度与含水率关系的试验研究[J]．岩土力学，2012,33(9):2600-2604.
[23]朱继良，黄润秋．某水电站坝前堆积体稳定性的三维数值模拟分析[J]．岩土力学，2005,26(8):1318-1322.
[24] MAFFEI A,MARTINO S,PRESTININZI A. From the geological to the numerical model in the analysis of gravity-induced slope deformations:An example from the Central Apennines(Italy)[J].Engineering Geology,2005,78(3/4):215-236.
[25] JIAO Y Y,WANG Z H,WANG X Z,et al. Stability assessment of an ancient landslide crossed by two coal mine tunnels[J].Engineering Geology,2013,159(11):36-44.
[26] WARD W H. The stability of natural slopes[J]. Geographical Journal,1945,105(5/6):170-191.
[27]张倬元，王士庆，王兰生．工程地质分析原理[M]. 4版．北京:地质出版社，2016:281-283.
[28]薛海斌，党发宁，尹小涛，等．应变软化边坡稳定性分析方法研究[J]．岩土工程学报，2016,38(3):570-576.
[2]黄润秋．20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2007,26(3):433-454.
[3]郭长宝，张永双，蒋良文，等．川藏铁路沿线及邻区环境工程地质问题概论[J]．现代地质，2017,31(5):877-889.
[4] HOEK E,BRAY J. Rock slope engineering[J]. Engineering Geology,1981,9(1):92-93.
[5]吴瑞安，郭长宝，杜宇本，等．川藏铁路加查—朗县段地质灾害发育特征研究[J]．现代地质，2017,31(5):956-964.
[6]任三绍，郭长宝，吴瑞安，等．成兰铁路松潘隧道入口红花屯古滑坡发育特征与稳定性分析[J]．地质力学学报，2017,23(5):754-765.
[7]郭长宝，张永双，周能娟，等．地震地质灾害防治工程运行效果评价:以汶川震区平武县魏坝滑坡为例[J]．现代地质，2014,28(2):419-428.
[8]祝介旺，苏天明，张路青，等．川藏公路102滑坡失稳因素与治理方案研究[J]．水文地质工程地质，2010,37(3):43-47.
[9]刘正梁，孔纪名，周勇．镇胜高速公路晴隆古滑坡成因特点及防治对策[J]．山地学报，2008,26(6):727-732.
[10]崔鹏．汶川地震山地灾害形成机理与风险控制[M]．北京:科学出版社，2011:22-23.
[11]余凯．紫坪铺库区漩口滑坡监测及稳定性分析[D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京)，2014.
[12]任三绍，郭长宝，张永双，等．川西巴塘茶树山滑坡发育特征及形成机理[J]．现代地质，2017,31(5):978-989.
[13]武雄，于青春，何满潮，等．三峡库区巴东黄土坡巨型古滑坡体形成机理[J]．水利学报，2006,37(8):969-976.
[14]李郎平，兰恒星，郭长宝，等．基于改进频率比法的川藏铁路沿线及邻区地质灾害易发性分区评价[J]．现代地质，2017,31(5):911-929.
[15]胡卸文，黄润秋，朱海勇，等．唐家山堰塞湖库区马铃岩滑坡地震复活效应及其稳定性研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2009,28(6):1270-1278.
[16]殷跃平，李廷强，唐军．四川省丹巴县城滑坡失稳及应急加固研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2008,27(5):971-978.
[17]许建聪，尚岳全．碎石土古滑坡稳定性分析[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2007,26(1):57-65.
[18]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司．TB 10102—2010铁路工程土工试验规程[S]．北京:中国铁道出版社，2011.
[19]李振，邢义川．干密度和细粒含量对砂卵石及碎石抗剪强度的影响[J]．岩土力学，2006,27(12):2255-2260.
[20]陈永平，施明恒．基于分形理论的多孔介质渗透率的研究[J]．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2000,40(12):94-97.
[21] TAYLOR D W. Fundamentals of soil mechanics[J]. Soil Science,1960,66(2):161.
[22]黄琨，万军伟，陈刚，等．非饱和土的抗剪强度与含水率关系的试验研究[J]．岩土力学，2012,33(9):2600-2604.
[23]朱继良，黄润秋．某水电站坝前堆积体稳定性的三维数值模拟分析[J]．岩土力学，2005,26(8):1318-1322.
[24] MAFFEI A,MARTINO S,PRESTININZI A. From the geological to the numerical model in the analysis of gravity-induced slope deformations:An example from the Central Apennines(Italy)[J].Engineering Geology,2005,78(3/4):215-236.
[25] JIAO Y Y,WANG Z H,WANG X Z,et al. Stability assessment of an ancient landslide crossed by two coal mine tunnels[J].Engineering Geology,2013,159(11):36-44.
[26] WARD W H. The stability of natural slopes[J]. Geographical Journal,1945,105(5/6):170-191.
[27]张倬元，王士庆，王兰生．工程地质分析原理[M]. 4版．北京:地质出版社，2016:281-283.
[28]薛海斌，党发宁，尹小涛，等．应变软化边坡稳定性分析方法研究[J]．岩土工程学报，2016,38(3):570-576.
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