伊犁蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿层砂岩中高岭石形成机制及与铀成矿关系
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摘要
伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该矿床含矿层砂岩中高岭石含量、成因及与铀成矿关系等方面开展了研究,但对高岭石及其共生矿物形成机制、高岭石与铀成矿关系等方面研究依然较为薄弱。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿层砂岩中高岭石形成机制及与铀成矿关系,综合的应用了偏光显微镜、X-衍射、扫描电镜等手段,对其含矿层中高岭石含量、形貌特征进行了系统的研究,并对高岭石H-O同位素与碳酸盐胶结物C-O同位素进行了研究。研究表明:①含矿层普遍发育有强烈的高岭石化,其占黏土总量的58.0%～93.0%,并以弱氧化带砂岩中高岭石含量最高;②高岭石主要呈泥晶状、层片状与蠕虫状的形式分布于砂岩粒间孔隙和长石溶蚀空隙中,共生矿物为自生石英、石膏、黄铁矿、铀矿物等;③高岭石DV-SMOW为-119.4‰～-48.3‰,~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为10.9‰～13.7‰,碳酸盐胶结物δ~(13) C_(V-PDB)为-10.9～-7.2‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为17.6‰～24.9‰,表明高岭石是由富含CO2大气降水(无机)和煤系地层有机质脱羧基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH4等还原性气体(煤层气)(有机)与砂岩相互作用的产物,并认为高岭石及其共生矿物是在含矿层埋藏成岩过程中流体与岩石相互作用的结果;④高岭石与铀矿化除了存在直接吸附、间接还原关系,还存在成因上的联系,即高岭石和铀成矿皆是有机-无机流体与砂岩相互作用的结果。
The Mengqiguer uranium deposit in the Yili basin is typical uranium deposit occurring within interlayer oxidation zone.Although previous geologists carried out study on genesis of kaolinite and its relation with uranium mineralization,the problems about the mechanism of kaolinite and its common minerals still exist,especially about the relation between kaolinite and uranium mineralization.To address these questions,this study investigated the content and morphology of kaolinite in the ore-bearing layer using polarizing microscope,scanning electron microscope and electronic probe,and analyzed H and O isotope of kaolinite and C-O isotope of carbonate cement.The study obtained the following conclusions.Firstly,strong kaolinization occurred within ore-bearing layers,with the content of clay ranging between58.0%to 93%,relatively higher content of kaolinite in the weakly oxidized zone.Secondly,the kaolinite occurs in fine grain,lamellar,and vermicular shape in granular pore or feldspar leached hole,and its associated minerals are mainly self-generated microcrystalline quartz,gypsum,pyrite and uranium mineral.Thirdly,the δD_(V-SMOW) and δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW) values of kaolinite are-119.4‰ to -48.3‰ and 10.9‰ to 13.7‰respectively and the δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)and δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW) of carbonate cement are from -10.9‰ to -7.2‰ and from 17.6‰ to 24.9‰ respectively,indicating that kaolinite was the product of interaction between sandstone and acidic fluid which consists of surface-water stemming from meteoric waters and organic acid originating from coal measure strata and its concomitant reducing gas(Coal-formed gas)and the kaolinite and its common minerals was result from reciprocity of fluid-sandstone.Finally,besides relation of direct adsorption and indirect reduction,kaolinite and uranium mineralization was genetically related,i.e.they were the product of interaction between organic-inorganic fluid and sandstone.
The Mengqiguer uranium deposit in the Yili basin is typical uranium deposit occurring within interlayer oxidation zone.Although previous geologists carried out study on genesis of kaolinite and its relation with uranium mineralization,the problems about the mechanism of kaolinite and its common minerals still exist,especially about the relation between kaolinite and uranium mineralization.To address these questions,this study investigated the content and morphology of kaolinite in the ore-bearing layer using polarizing microscope,scanning electron microscope and electronic probe,and analyzed H and O isotope of kaolinite and C-O isotope of carbonate cement.The study obtained the following conclusions.Firstly,strong kaolinization occurred within ore-bearing layers,with the content of clay ranging between58.0%to 93%,relatively higher content of kaolinite in the weakly oxidized zone.Secondly,the kaolinite occurs in fine grain,lamellar,and vermicular shape in granular pore or feldspar leached hole,and its associated minerals are mainly self-generated microcrystalline quartz,gypsum,pyrite and uranium mineral.Thirdly,the δD_(V-SMOW) and δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW) values of kaolinite are-119.4‰ to -48.3‰ and 10.9‰ to 13.7‰respectively and the δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)and δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW) of carbonate cement are from -10.9‰ to -7.2‰ and from 17.6‰ to 24.9‰ respectively,indicating that kaolinite was the product of interaction between sandstone and acidic fluid which consists of surface-water stemming from meteoric waters and organic acid originating from coal measure strata and its concomitant reducing gas(Coal-formed gas)and the kaolinite and its common minerals was result from reciprocity of fluid-sandstone.Finally,besides relation of direct adsorption and indirect reduction,kaolinite and uranium mineralization was genetically related,i.e.they were the product of interaction between organic-inorganic fluid and sandstone.
引文
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