华北PM_(2.5)重污染对东北和长三角空气质量的影响
|
摘要
利用中国环境监测总站的PM_(2.5)(Particulate Matter with aerodynamic≤2.5μm)数据、ERA-interim再分析资料等,结合混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹模型(HYSPLIT4),重点分析了华北地区PM_(2.5)的时空分布特征及该地区PM_(2.5)重污染对我国东北、长三角地区空气质量的影响。结果表明,华北地区是中国PM_(2.5)的高值区,2015、2016和2017年华北地区年平均PM_(2.5)质量浓度分别为62.1、59.5和56.8μg/m~3,呈减小趋势。该地区冬季PM_(2.5)污染最严重,部分区域的平均浓度甚至超过110μg/m~3。个例研究表明,来自华北的污染物可在大约48 h后输送至东北和长三角地区,分别占当地污染物总量的21%和71%;同时,在冬季弱高压系统和地形的共同影响下,华北地区42%的污染物不易扩散而局限在本地,15%的污染物向长三角方向输送,不易向东北方向输送。
Using the PM_(2.5)(Particulate Matter with aerodynamic ≤2.5 μm)data from China Environmental Monitoring Center,ERA-interim reanalysis data and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model(HYSPLIT4),the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM_(2.5) in North China were analyzed in this paper,furthermore,the impact of the heavy PM_(2.5) pollution in North China on the air quality of Northeast China and the Yangtze River Delta were investigated.The results showed that North China was the high value area of PM_(2.5) in China.The annual mean PM_(2.5) concentrations in North China reached 62.1,59.5 and 56.8 μg/m~3 in 2015,2016 and 2017,respectively,showing a decreasing trend.The PM_(2.5) pollution in North China was most serious in winter with mean concentrations exceeding 110 μg/m~3 in some region.Case studies showed that the pollutants could be transported from North China to Northeast China and the Yangtze River Delta in 48 hours,which accounted for 21% and 71% of local pollutants,respectively.Simultaneously,under the combined influence of weak-high-pressure system and topography,42% of the pollutants in North China were trapped locally and not easy to spread out;15% of the pollutants were transported to the Yangtze River Delta and hard to transport to Northeast China.
Using the PM_(2.5)(Particulate Matter with aerodynamic ≤2.5 μm)data from China Environmental Monitoring Center,ERA-interim reanalysis data and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model(HYSPLIT4),the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM_(2.5) in North China were analyzed in this paper,furthermore,the impact of the heavy PM_(2.5) pollution in North China on the air quality of Northeast China and the Yangtze River Delta were investigated.The results showed that North China was the high value area of PM_(2.5) in China.The annual mean PM_(2.5) concentrations in North China reached 62.1,59.5 and 56.8 μg/m~3 in 2015,2016 and 2017,respectively,showing a decreasing trend.The PM_(2.5) pollution in North China was most serious in winter with mean concentrations exceeding 110 μg/m~3 in some region.Case studies showed that the pollutants could be transported from North China to Northeast China and the Yangtze River Delta in 48 hours,which accounted for 21% and 71% of local pollutants,respectively.Simultaneously,under the combined influence of weak-high-pressure system and topography,42% of the pollutants in North China were trapped locally and not easy to spread out;15% of the pollutants were transported to the Yangtze River Delta and hard to transport to Northeast China.
引文
[1]邓君俊.长三角地区霾天气形成机理和预报方法研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011.
[2]PUETT R C,HART J E,YANOSKY J D,et al.Particulate matter air pollution exposure,distance to road,and incident lung cancer in the nurses′ health study cohort[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2014,122(9):926-932.
[3]郭新彪,魏红英.大气PM2.5对健康影响的研究进展[J].科学通报,2013,58(13):1171-1177.
[4]YAN X,SHI W Z,ZHAO W J,et al.Impact of aerosols and atmospheric particles on plant leaf proteins[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,88(5):115-122.
[5]何心河,马建中,徐敬,等.2014年10月京津冀地区一次PM2.5污染过程的数值模拟[J].气象,2016,42(7):827-837.
[6]MA X Y,WANG J Y,YU F Q,et al.Can MODIS AOD be employed to derive PM2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei over China?[J].Atmospheric Research,2016,181:250-256.
[7]王海峰.东北辽中南基地城市群PM2.5污染特征研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2017,42(5):147-149.
[8]陈楠,操文祥,丁青青,等.湖北省PM2.5与PM10比值分析及PM2.5时空分布特征研究[J].环境科学与管理,2017,42(1):98-102.
[9]KAN H D,CHEN R J,TONG S L.Ambient air pollution,climate change,and population health in China[J].Environment International,2012,42(1):10-19.
[10]杨洪斌,邹旭东,汪宏宇,等.大气环境中PM2.5的研究进展与展望[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(3):77-82.
[11]杨毅红,瞿群,刘随心,等.夏季珠江三角洲地区PM2.5化学组分特征及其对大气能见度的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2758-2767.
[12]苗蕾,廖晓农,王迎春,等.北京2005-2014年PM2.5质量浓度的演变特征[J].气象,2016,42(8):954-961.
[13]CHE H Z,SHI G Y,ZHANG X Y,et al.Analysis of sky conditions using 40 years records of solar radiation data in China[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2007,89(1-2):83-94.
[14]潘月鹏,贾琳,田世丽,等.大气霾污染对农业生产的可能影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(11):2279-2280.
[15]胡森林,刘红年.合肥市PM2.5对城市辐射和气温的影响[J].气象科学,2017,37(1):78-85.
[16]孟梅,周泉生.PM2.5引起的肿瘤新生血管形成和转移研究进展[J].科技导报,2014,32(26):52-57.
[17]穆泉,张世秋.中国2001～2013年PM2.5重污染的历史变化与健康影响的经济损失评估[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(4):694-706.
[18]张殷俊,陈曦,谢高地,等.中国细颗粒物PM2.5污染状况和空间分布[J].资源科学,2015,37(7):1339-1346.
[19]刘永林,孙启民,钟明洋,等.重庆市主城区PM2.5时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1219-1229.
[20]李沈鑫,邹滨,刘兴权,等.2013～2015年中国PM2.5污染状况时空变化[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(5):678-687.
[21]毛婉柳,徐建华,卢德彬,等.2015年长三角地区城市PM2.5时空格局及影响因素分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(2):264-272.
[22]杨婷,晏平仲,王自发,等.基于数值模拟的2015年11月东北极端重污染过程成因的定量评估[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(1):44-51.
[23]许建明,高伟,瞿元昊.上海地区降雨清除PM2.5的观测研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(9):3271-3279.
[24]潘本锋,赵熠琳,李健军,等.气象因素对大气中PM2.5的去除效应[J].环境科技,2012,25(6):41-44.
[25]WANG Y S,YAO L,WANG L L,et al.Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2014,57(1):14-25.
[26]国家环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.环境空气质量标准GB3095-2012[S/OL].(2012-03-02)[2018-11-20].http://kjs.mee.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/dqhjbh/dqhjzlbz/201203/t20120302_224165.shtml.
[27]王宇,钟琦.欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)2014年预报性能[J].气象科技进展,2015,5(4):68-69.
[28]王佳津,王春学,陈朝平,等.基于HYSPLIT4的一次四川盆地夏季暴雨水汽路径和源地分析[J].气象,2015,41(11):1315-1327.
[29]陈璇,王晓玲,岳言裕,等.湖北省PM2.5重污染过程天气分型研究[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(11):54-64.
[30]ZHAO S P,YU Y,QIN D H,et al.Analyses of regional pollution and transportation of PM2.5 and ozone in the city clusters of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2019,10(2):374-385.
[31]姚俊强,杨青,毛炜峄,等.基于HYSPLIT4的一次新疆天山夏季特大暴雨水汽路径分析[J].高原气象,2018,37(1):68-77.
[32]王振波,方创琳,许光,等.2014年中国城市PM2.5浓度的时空变化规律[J].地理学报,2015,70(11):1720-1734.
[33]姚青,刘敬乐,蔡子颖,等.天津大气稳定度和逆温特征对PM2.5污染的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(8):2865-2872
[34]孙恩慧,王璐琪,赖小垚,等.方冬季农村供暖对PM2.5的影响及解决方案研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(7):90-93.
[35]江亿,唐孝炎,倪维斗,等.北京PM2.5与冬季采暖热源的关系及治理措施[J].中国能源,2014,36(01):7-13.
[36]温佳薇,贺军亮,赵晴,等.京津冀地区PM2.5的时空效应研究[J].环境污染与防治,2018,40(9):1033-1038.
[37]LU M M,TANG X,WANG Z F,et al.Source tagging modeling study of heavy haze episodes under complex regional transport processes over Wuhan megacity,Central China[J].Environment Pollution,2017,231(1):612-621.
[38]王喜全,杨婷,王自发.灰霾污染的跨控制区影响—一次京津冀与东北地区灰霾污染个案分析[J].气候与环境研究,2011,16(6):690-696.
[39]杨旭,张小玲,康延臻,等.京津冀地区冬半年空气污染天气分型研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3201-3209.
[2]PUETT R C,HART J E,YANOSKY J D,et al.Particulate matter air pollution exposure,distance to road,and incident lung cancer in the nurses′ health study cohort[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2014,122(9):926-932.
[3]郭新彪,魏红英.大气PM2.5对健康影响的研究进展[J].科学通报,2013,58(13):1171-1177.
[4]YAN X,SHI W Z,ZHAO W J,et al.Impact of aerosols and atmospheric particles on plant leaf proteins[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,88(5):115-122.
[5]何心河,马建中,徐敬,等.2014年10月京津冀地区一次PM2.5污染过程的数值模拟[J].气象,2016,42(7):827-837.
[6]MA X Y,WANG J Y,YU F Q,et al.Can MODIS AOD be employed to derive PM2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei over China?[J].Atmospheric Research,2016,181:250-256.
[7]王海峰.东北辽中南基地城市群PM2.5污染特征研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2017,42(5):147-149.
[8]陈楠,操文祥,丁青青,等.湖北省PM2.5与PM10比值分析及PM2.5时空分布特征研究[J].环境科学与管理,2017,42(1):98-102.
[9]KAN H D,CHEN R J,TONG S L.Ambient air pollution,climate change,and population health in China[J].Environment International,2012,42(1):10-19.
[10]杨洪斌,邹旭东,汪宏宇,等.大气环境中PM2.5的研究进展与展望[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(3):77-82.
[11]杨毅红,瞿群,刘随心,等.夏季珠江三角洲地区PM2.5化学组分特征及其对大气能见度的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2758-2767.
[12]苗蕾,廖晓农,王迎春,等.北京2005-2014年PM2.5质量浓度的演变特征[J].气象,2016,42(8):954-961.
[13]CHE H Z,SHI G Y,ZHANG X Y,et al.Analysis of sky conditions using 40 years records of solar radiation data in China[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2007,89(1-2):83-94.
[14]潘月鹏,贾琳,田世丽,等.大气霾污染对农业生产的可能影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(11):2279-2280.
[15]胡森林,刘红年.合肥市PM2.5对城市辐射和气温的影响[J].气象科学,2017,37(1):78-85.
[16]孟梅,周泉生.PM2.5引起的肿瘤新生血管形成和转移研究进展[J].科技导报,2014,32(26):52-57.
[17]穆泉,张世秋.中国2001～2013年PM2.5重污染的历史变化与健康影响的经济损失评估[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(4):694-706.
[18]张殷俊,陈曦,谢高地,等.中国细颗粒物PM2.5污染状况和空间分布[J].资源科学,2015,37(7):1339-1346.
[19]刘永林,孙启民,钟明洋,等.重庆市主城区PM2.5时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1219-1229.
[20]李沈鑫,邹滨,刘兴权,等.2013～2015年中国PM2.5污染状况时空变化[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(5):678-687.
[21]毛婉柳,徐建华,卢德彬,等.2015年长三角地区城市PM2.5时空格局及影响因素分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(2):264-272.
[22]杨婷,晏平仲,王自发,等.基于数值模拟的2015年11月东北极端重污染过程成因的定量评估[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(1):44-51.
[23]许建明,高伟,瞿元昊.上海地区降雨清除PM2.5的观测研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(9):3271-3279.
[24]潘本锋,赵熠琳,李健军,等.气象因素对大气中PM2.5的去除效应[J].环境科技,2012,25(6):41-44.
[25]WANG Y S,YAO L,WANG L L,et al.Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2014,57(1):14-25.
[26]国家环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.环境空气质量标准GB3095-2012[S/OL].(2012-03-02)[2018-11-20].http://kjs.mee.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/dqhjbh/dqhjzlbz/201203/t20120302_224165.shtml.
[27]王宇,钟琦.欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)2014年预报性能[J].气象科技进展,2015,5(4):68-69.
[28]王佳津,王春学,陈朝平,等.基于HYSPLIT4的一次四川盆地夏季暴雨水汽路径和源地分析[J].气象,2015,41(11):1315-1327.
[29]陈璇,王晓玲,岳言裕,等.湖北省PM2.5重污染过程天气分型研究[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(11):54-64.
[30]ZHAO S P,YU Y,QIN D H,et al.Analyses of regional pollution and transportation of PM2.5 and ozone in the city clusters of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2019,10(2):374-385.
[31]姚俊强,杨青,毛炜峄,等.基于HYSPLIT4的一次新疆天山夏季特大暴雨水汽路径分析[J].高原气象,2018,37(1):68-77.
[32]王振波,方创琳,许光,等.2014年中国城市PM2.5浓度的时空变化规律[J].地理学报,2015,70(11):1720-1734.
[33]姚青,刘敬乐,蔡子颖,等.天津大气稳定度和逆温特征对PM2.5污染的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(8):2865-2872
[34]孙恩慧,王璐琪,赖小垚,等.方冬季农村供暖对PM2.5的影响及解决方案研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(7):90-93.
[35]江亿,唐孝炎,倪维斗,等.北京PM2.5与冬季采暖热源的关系及治理措施[J].中国能源,2014,36(01):7-13.
[36]温佳薇,贺军亮,赵晴,等.京津冀地区PM2.5的时空效应研究[J].环境污染与防治,2018,40(9):1033-1038.
[37]LU M M,TANG X,WANG Z F,et al.Source tagging modeling study of heavy haze episodes under complex regional transport processes over Wuhan megacity,Central China[J].Environment Pollution,2017,231(1):612-621.
[38]王喜全,杨婷,王自发.灰霾污染的跨控制区影响—一次京津冀与东北地区灰霾污染个案分析[J].气候与环境研究,2011,16(6):690-696.
[39]杨旭,张小玲,康延臻,等.京津冀地区冬半年空气污染天气分型研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3201-3209.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |