北京市泥石流特点及专业监测体系建设初探
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摘要
针对北京市泥石流规模"小而散"、发生时间"与强降雨相伴"的特点,提出了对泥石流开展激发因素、响应因素、表达因素及展现因素等多因素联合专业监测体系建设的方案。该方案在监测方法上采用了一沟一体系的多因素监测方法,充分采集各种影响因素的实时数据,提高了专业监测的准确性;在数据传输上采用了GPRS和北斗卫星传输双通道,避免了因极端天气导致传输信号缺失而无法及时接收现场数据的现象,确保了数据传输的实时性;在数据的应用上兼顾了受威胁群众防灾减灾需求及管理部门掌握现场信息的需求,提高了专业监测的实用性。该体系的运营,将全面提升北京市泥石流专业监测预警的水平,为北京市防灾减灾提供高精技术支撑。
This paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the distributions, magnitude, and pattern of the debris flows in Beijing.Most of the debris flows in Beijing are small and scattered, and usually are coincided to heavy rain. Based on these characteristics,a project, which integrates the monitoring factors of triggering, response, expression, and exhibition, is provoked. In the monitoring method, the scheme adopts a multi-factor monitoring method of "one ditch and one system", which fully collects real-time data of various influencing factors and improves the accuracy of professional monitoring effect; GPRS and Beidou satellite are used for data transmission, which avoids missing the transmission signal due to extreme weather, and will not receive field data in time, and ensures real-time data transmission. In the application of data, it takes into account the needs of the threatened masses for disaster prevention and mitigation as well as the needs of the management departments for command,and improves the practicability of professional monitoring system. The operation of the system will comprehensively improve the professional monitoring and early warning level of debris flow in Beijing, and provide high-precision technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation in Beijing.
This paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the distributions, magnitude, and pattern of the debris flows in Beijing.Most of the debris flows in Beijing are small and scattered, and usually are coincided to heavy rain. Based on these characteristics,a project, which integrates the monitoring factors of triggering, response, expression, and exhibition, is provoked. In the monitoring method, the scheme adopts a multi-factor monitoring method of "one ditch and one system", which fully collects real-time data of various influencing factors and improves the accuracy of professional monitoring effect; GPRS and Beidou satellite are used for data transmission, which avoids missing the transmission signal due to extreme weather, and will not receive field data in time, and ensures real-time data transmission. In the application of data, it takes into account the needs of the threatened masses for disaster prevention and mitigation as well as the needs of the management departments for command,and improves the practicability of professional monitoring system. The operation of the system will comprehensively improve the professional monitoring and early warning level of debris flow in Beijing, and provide high-precision technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation in Beijing.
引文
北京市地质研究所,2014.北京市突发地质灾害详细调查[R].
北京市地质调查研究院,2012.北京地区滑坡泥石流灾害监测预警示范研究[R].
陈精日,章书成,1991.泥石流地声特征及NJ-2无线遥测泥石流警报器的研制[C]//第二届全国泥石流学术会议论文集,北京:科学出版社:36-41.
陈明金,欧阳祖熙,师洁珊,等,2004.基于GPRS技术的地质灾害无线遥测系统[J].自然灾害学报,13(3):65-69.
康志成,胡平华,1991.泥石流泥位报警原理及仪器[C]//第二届全国泥石流学术会议论文集,北京:科学出版社:42-46.
唐川,2008.城市泥石流灾害预警问题探讨[J].地球科学进展,23(5):546-552.
谭承军,罗群,曾国强,等,2014.滑坡泥石流地质灾害野外监测预警系统[J].自动化与仪表,(6):17-21.
章书成,余南阳,2010.泥石流早期警报系统[J].山地学报,28(3):351-356.
张志龙,华克强,孙淑光,2005.北斗导航系统与GPS结合在民航中的应用[J].自动化与仪表,20(7):55-58.
Arattano M, 1999. On the use of seismic detectors as monitoring and warning systems for debris flow[J]. Natual Hazards, 20(2-3):197-213.
Brand E W, 1984. Relationship between rainfall and landslides in HongKong[C]//Proc. of the IV International Symposium on Landslides.Toronto:Canadian Geotechnical society:377-384.
Crozier M J, 1999. Prediction of rainfall-triggered landslides:A test of the antecedent water status model[J]. Earth Surface Processesand Landforms, 24(9):825-833.
Garland G G,Olivier M J, 1993. Predicting landslides from rainfall in ahumid, sub-tropical region[J]. Geomorphology, 8(2):165-173
Hurlimann M, Rickenmann D, Graf C, 2003. Field and monitoring data of debris-flow events in the Swiss Alps[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 40(1):161-175.
Keefer D K, Wilson R C, Mark R K, et al, 1987. Real-time Landslide warning during heavy rainfall[J]. Science, 238(4829):921-925
Onodera T, Yohinaka R, Kazama H, 1974. Slope failures caused by heavy rainfall in Japan[J]. Applied Geology, 15(4):191-200
北京市地质调查研究院,2012.北京地区滑坡泥石流灾害监测预警示范研究[R].
陈精日,章书成,1991.泥石流地声特征及NJ-2无线遥测泥石流警报器的研制[C]//第二届全国泥石流学术会议论文集,北京:科学出版社:36-41.
陈明金,欧阳祖熙,师洁珊,等,2004.基于GPRS技术的地质灾害无线遥测系统[J].自然灾害学报,13(3):65-69.
康志成,胡平华,1991.泥石流泥位报警原理及仪器[C]//第二届全国泥石流学术会议论文集,北京:科学出版社:42-46.
唐川,2008.城市泥石流灾害预警问题探讨[J].地球科学进展,23(5):546-552.
谭承军,罗群,曾国强,等,2014.滑坡泥石流地质灾害野外监测预警系统[J].自动化与仪表,(6):17-21.
章书成,余南阳,2010.泥石流早期警报系统[J].山地学报,28(3):351-356.
张志龙,华克强,孙淑光,2005.北斗导航系统与GPS结合在民航中的应用[J].自动化与仪表,20(7):55-58.
Arattano M, 1999. On the use of seismic detectors as monitoring and warning systems for debris flow[J]. Natual Hazards, 20(2-3):197-213.
Brand E W, 1984. Relationship between rainfall and landslides in HongKong[C]//Proc. of the IV International Symposium on Landslides.Toronto:Canadian Geotechnical society:377-384.
Crozier M J, 1999. Prediction of rainfall-triggered landslides:A test of the antecedent water status model[J]. Earth Surface Processesand Landforms, 24(9):825-833.
Garland G G,Olivier M J, 1993. Predicting landslides from rainfall in ahumid, sub-tropical region[J]. Geomorphology, 8(2):165-173
Hurlimann M, Rickenmann D, Graf C, 2003. Field and monitoring data of debris-flow events in the Swiss Alps[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 40(1):161-175.
Keefer D K, Wilson R C, Mark R K, et al, 1987. Real-time Landslide warning during heavy rainfall[J]. Science, 238(4829):921-925
Onodera T, Yohinaka R, Kazama H, 1974. Slope failures caused by heavy rainfall in Japan[J]. Applied Geology, 15(4):191-200
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