考虑纵坡影响的曲线梁桥地震碰撞响应试验研究
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摘要
地震作用下,碰撞会显著影响桥梁的地震响应规律。现阶段碰撞效应对桥梁地震响应影响规律尚不明晰,碰撞效应参数影响分析尚不全面,特别是考虑纵坡影响的桥梁碰撞响应分析尚处空白。以某小半径带坡曲线桥为对象,设计并制作其1/10缩尺模型,设计了可调式碰撞测试装置,通过调整碰撞间隙大小,分别对发生碰撞前后的模型桥进行了振动台试验,重点探究了碰撞对有纵坡曲线梁桥主梁、桥墩地震响应的影响。结果表明:碰撞会导致曲线桥主梁的旋转效应增大,并引发梁端较大的水平加速度响应脉冲;纵坡会造成低墩处的碰撞力大于高墩处的碰撞力,并引起主梁显著的竖向动力响应;此外,碰撞会放大桥墩墩顶位移响应,增加曲线桥桥墩在地震中的破坏风险。
Under seismic action, pounding can significantly affect seismic responses of bridges. At present, influence laws of pounding effect on bridges' seismic responses are not clear, especially, the effect of longitudinal slope is not considered. Here, a 1/10 scale curved bridge model with longitudinal slope was designed and made, and an adjustable pounding test device was designed. Through adjusting pounding clearance, shaking table tests were conducted for the bridge model before and after pounding to study effects of pounding on seismic responses of the model's girder and pier. The results showed that pounding causes the bridge girder's rotary effect to increase and a larger horizontal acceleration response pulse at the girder end; longitudinal slope causes pounding force at lower pier to be larger than that at higher pier and the girder's significant vertical dynamic response; pounding amplifies displacement response at pier's top and increases failure risk of pier under seismic action.
Under seismic action, pounding can significantly affect seismic responses of bridges. At present, influence laws of pounding effect on bridges' seismic responses are not clear, especially, the effect of longitudinal slope is not considered. Here, a 1/10 scale curved bridge model with longitudinal slope was designed and made, and an adjustable pounding test device was designed. Through adjusting pounding clearance, shaking table tests were conducted for the bridge model before and after pounding to study effects of pounding on seismic responses of the model's girder and pier. The results showed that pounding causes the bridge girder's rotary effect to increase and a larger horizontal acceleration response pulse at the girder end; longitudinal slope causes pounding force at lower pier to be larger than that at higher pier and the girder's significant vertical dynamic response; pounding amplifies displacement response at pier's top and increases failure risk of pier under seismic action.
引文
[1] KAWASHIMA K.Damage of bridges due to the 2011 great east Japan earthquake[J].J Japan Assoc Earthquake Eng,2012,12(4):4319-4338.
[2] WILSON T,MAHMOUD H,CHEN S.Seismic performance of skewed and curved reinforced concrete bridges in mountainous states[J].Eng Struct,2014,70(1):158-167.
[3] PRAVEEN K,MALHOTRA P K.Dynamics of seismic pounging at expansion joints of concrete bridges[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998,124(7):794-802.
[4] TSAI H C.Dynamic analysis of base-isolated shear beams bumping against stops[J].Eatrhquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1997,(26):515-528.
[5] 王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥伸缩缝处的碰撞对地震反应的影响[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(1):54-59.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Effect of pounding at expansion joints on seismic response ofirregular girder bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(1):54-59.
[6] 王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥横桥向地震碰撞反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(6):25-30.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Analysis of transverse seismic pounding response of irregular beam bridge[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(6):25-30.
[7] 吴璟.隔震曲线桥梁碰撞研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.
[8] 彭天波,唐伟亚,韩磊.局部集中质量接触单元法在梁式桥梁体与桥台碰撞问题模拟中的应用[J].工程力学,2015,32(9):49-57.PENG Tianbo,TANG Weiya,HAN Lei.Application of contact element method for local lumped mass to collision simulation between girder and abutment of bridges[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(9):49-57.
[9] 王东升,冯启民,王国新.基于直杆共轴碰撞理论的桥梁地震反应邻梁碰撞分析模型[J].工程力学,2004,21(2):157-166.WANG Dongsheng,FENG Qimin,WANG Guoxin.Analysis model of pounding between adjacent bridge girders during earthquakes based on collinear impact between rods[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(2):157-166.
[10] 何健,叶爱君.连续斜交梁桥地震下碰撞效应分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(4):1475-1481.HE Jian,YE Aijun.Seismic response of continuous skew bridges with pounding effects[J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2012,43(4):1475-1481.
[11] 李忠献,岳福青,周莉.地震时桥梁碰撞分析的等效Kelvin撞击模型[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):128-133.LI Zhongxian,YUE Fuqing,ZHOU Li.Equivalent Kelvin impact model for pounding analysis of bridges duringearthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(4):128-133.
[12] 高玉峰,蒲黔辉,李晓斌.考虑碰撞效应的双柱式高墩桥梁非线性地震反应特性研究[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(4):36-45.GAO Yufeng,PU Qianhui,LI Xiaobin.Nonlinear seismic response characteristics of bridge with double-column high-rise piers considering pounding effect[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(4):36-45.
[13] GUO Anxin,LI Zhongjun,LI Hui.Experimental and analytical study on pounding reduction of base-isolated highway bridges using MR dampers[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2009,38 (11):1307-1333.
[14] 李忠献,张勇,岳福青.地震作用下隔震简支梁桥碰撞反应的振动台试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007(2):152-157.LI Zhongxian,ZHANG Yong,YUE Fuqing.Shaking table test on pounding responses of simply supported isolated bridges under earthquake excitation[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2007(2):152-157.
[15] WIESER J,ZAGHI A,MARAGAKIS M,et al.Amethodology for the experimental evaluation of seismic pounding at seat-type abutments of horizontally curved bridges[J].Struct Congr,2012,55:613-624.
[16] LI X,ZHANG D,YAN W,et al.Shake-table test for a typical curved bridge:Wave passage and local site effects[J].J Bridge Eng,2015,20(2):04014061.
[2] WILSON T,MAHMOUD H,CHEN S.Seismic performance of skewed and curved reinforced concrete bridges in mountainous states[J].Eng Struct,2014,70(1):158-167.
[3] PRAVEEN K,MALHOTRA P K.Dynamics of seismic pounging at expansion joints of concrete bridges[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998,124(7):794-802.
[4] TSAI H C.Dynamic analysis of base-isolated shear beams bumping against stops[J].Eatrhquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1997,(26):515-528.
[5] 王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥伸缩缝处的碰撞对地震反应的影响[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(1):54-59.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Effect of pounding at expansion joints on seismic response ofirregular girder bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(1):54-59.
[6] 王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥横桥向地震碰撞反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(6):25-30.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Analysis of transverse seismic pounding response of irregular beam bridge[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(6):25-30.
[7] 吴璟.隔震曲线桥梁碰撞研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.
[8] 彭天波,唐伟亚,韩磊.局部集中质量接触单元法在梁式桥梁体与桥台碰撞问题模拟中的应用[J].工程力学,2015,32(9):49-57.PENG Tianbo,TANG Weiya,HAN Lei.Application of contact element method for local lumped mass to collision simulation between girder and abutment of bridges[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(9):49-57.
[9] 王东升,冯启民,王国新.基于直杆共轴碰撞理论的桥梁地震反应邻梁碰撞分析模型[J].工程力学,2004,21(2):157-166.WANG Dongsheng,FENG Qimin,WANG Guoxin.Analysis model of pounding between adjacent bridge girders during earthquakes based on collinear impact between rods[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(2):157-166.
[10] 何健,叶爱君.连续斜交梁桥地震下碰撞效应分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(4):1475-1481.HE Jian,YE Aijun.Seismic response of continuous skew bridges with pounding effects[J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2012,43(4):1475-1481.
[11] 李忠献,岳福青,周莉.地震时桥梁碰撞分析的等效Kelvin撞击模型[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):128-133.LI Zhongxian,YUE Fuqing,ZHOU Li.Equivalent Kelvin impact model for pounding analysis of bridges duringearthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(4):128-133.
[12] 高玉峰,蒲黔辉,李晓斌.考虑碰撞效应的双柱式高墩桥梁非线性地震反应特性研究[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(4):36-45.GAO Yufeng,PU Qianhui,LI Xiaobin.Nonlinear seismic response characteristics of bridge with double-column high-rise piers considering pounding effect[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(4):36-45.
[13] GUO Anxin,LI Zhongjun,LI Hui.Experimental and analytical study on pounding reduction of base-isolated highway bridges using MR dampers[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2009,38 (11):1307-1333.
[14] 李忠献,张勇,岳福青.地震作用下隔震简支梁桥碰撞反应的振动台试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007(2):152-157.LI Zhongxian,ZHANG Yong,YUE Fuqing.Shaking table test on pounding responses of simply supported isolated bridges under earthquake excitation[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2007(2):152-157.
[15] WIESER J,ZAGHI A,MARAGAKIS M,et al.Amethodology for the experimental evaluation of seismic pounding at seat-type abutments of horizontally curved bridges[J].Struct Congr,2012,55:613-624.
[16] LI X,ZHANG D,YAN W,et al.Shake-table test for a typical curved bridge:Wave passage and local site effects[J].J Bridge Eng,2015,20(2):04014061.
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