白鹤滩坝址柱状节理玄武岩爆破损伤质点峰值振速安全阈值研究
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摘要
白鹤滩水电站坝址处柱状节理玄武岩分布广泛,节理裂隙发育,爆破损伤控制是白鹤滩坝基开挖中的技术难题之一。结合白鹤滩水电站坝基保护层开挖,开展水平预裂爆破、水平光面爆破和竖直孔复合消能爆破条件下的现场爆破试验,基于不同爆破方式下爆前爆后岩体声波速度的对比检测数据以及坝基岩体钻孔内预埋速度传感器的振动测试结果,建立坝基岩体损伤程度与质点峰值振速的对应关系,提出与声波速度降低率相关的质点峰值振速安全阈值。现场试验结果表明:质点峰值振速安全阈值是岩体的固有性质,不受爆破方式和爆破参数的影响;在声波速度降低率为5%,10%和15%的条件下,对应的柱状节理玄武岩爆破损伤质点峰值振速安全阈值可大致确定为50,65和90 cm/s。
The columnar jointed basalt at Baihetan Hydropower Station is widely distributed,with joints and cracks largely developed. In this case,the control of blasting damage has become one of the critical technical problems in the excavation of Baihetan dam foundation. Based on the excavation of protective layer of dam foundation at Baihetan Hydropower Station,we conducted in-situ blasting tests with horizontal presplitting blasting,horizontal smooth blasting and energy-relief blasting with vertical holes. By comparing the acoustic velocity of rock mass before and after each blasting tests,and the vibration test results from embedded velocity sensors in the rock mass of dam foundation,we established a relationship between the damage degree of rock mass and the peak particle velocity,and proposed a safety thresholds of peak particle velocity associated with the reduction rate of acoustic velocity. The test results showed that the safety threshold of particle peak velocity is the intrinsic property of rock mass,which is not affected by the blasting method and parameters. Under the condition of 5%,10% and 15% reduction rate of acoustic velocity,the corresponding safety threshold of peak particle velocity can be roughly determined to be 50 cm/s,65 cm/s and 90 cm/s.
The columnar jointed basalt at Baihetan Hydropower Station is widely distributed,with joints and cracks largely developed. In this case,the control of blasting damage has become one of the critical technical problems in the excavation of Baihetan dam foundation. Based on the excavation of protective layer of dam foundation at Baihetan Hydropower Station,we conducted in-situ blasting tests with horizontal presplitting blasting,horizontal smooth blasting and energy-relief blasting with vertical holes. By comparing the acoustic velocity of rock mass before and after each blasting tests,and the vibration test results from embedded velocity sensors in the rock mass of dam foundation,we established a relationship between the damage degree of rock mass and the peak particle velocity,and proposed a safety thresholds of peak particle velocity associated with the reduction rate of acoustic velocity. The test results showed that the safety threshold of particle peak velocity is the intrinsic property of rock mass,which is not affected by the blasting method and parameters. Under the condition of 5%,10% and 15% reduction rate of acoustic velocity,the corresponding safety threshold of peak particle velocity can be roughly determined to be 50 cm/s,65 cm/s and 90 cm/s.
引文
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[3]徐松年.浙江中生代酸性火山岩柱状节理构造的发现及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,1995,11(3):325-332.(XU Songnian.Discovery of columnar joint structure of mesozolc acidic volcanic rocks in Zhejiang Province and it?s geological significance[J].Rock Journal,1995,11(3):325-332.(in Chinese))
[4]肖维民,邓荣贵,付小敏,等.单轴压缩条件下柱状节理岩体变形和强度各向异性模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):957-963.(XIAO Weimin,DENG Ronggui,FU Xiaomin,et al.Model experiments of deformation and strength anisotropy of columnar jointed rock masses and uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):957-963.(in Chinese))
[5]郝宪杰,冯夏庭,李邵军,等.柱状节理玄武岩隧洞破坏模式及其力学机制模拟[J].岩土力学,2015,36(3):837-846.(HAO Xianjie,FENG Xiating,LI Shaojun,et al.Failure mode of columnar jointed basalt tunnel and its mechanism simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(3):837-846.(in Chinese))
[6]王鹏,洪望兵,宋刚.柱状节理玄武岩松弛圈尺寸效应及地应力影响[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(1):139-146.(WANG Peng,HONG Wangbing,SONG Gang,et al.Size effect and in-situ stress influence of columnar jointed basalt relation zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(1):139-146.(in Chinese))
[7]TAYLOR L M,CHEN E P,KUSZMAUL J S.Microcrack-induced damage accumulation in brittle rock under dynamic loading[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1986,55(3):301-320.
[8]KUSZMAUL J S.A new constitutive model for fragmentation of rock under dynamic loading[R].Albuquerque,NM(USA):Sandia National Labs.,1987.
[9]THORNE B J,HOMMERT P J,BROWN B.Experimental and computational investigation of the fundamental mechanisms of cratering[R].Albuquerque,NM(USA):Sandia National Labs.,1990.
[10]YANG R,BAWDEN W F,KATSABANIS P D.A new constitutive model for blast damage[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,33(3):245-254.
[11]WILLIAMS J H,JOHNSON C D.Acoustic and optical borehole-wall imaging for fractured-rock aquifer studies[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2004,55(1):151-159.
[12]谭显江,张建清,刘方文,等.高清数字钻孔电视技术研发及其在水电工程中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(8):62-66.(TANXianjiang,ZHANG Jianqing,LIU Fangwen,et al.R&D of high-resolution borehole TV technology and its application in hydropower project[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2012,29(8):62-66.(in Chinese))
[13]夏祥,李俊如,李海波,等.广东岭澳核电站爆破开挖岩体损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2 510-2 516.(XIA Xiang,LI Junru,LI Haibo,el at.Study on damage characteristics of rock mass under blasting load in Ling?ao nuclear power station,Guangdong province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 510-2 516.(in Chinese))
[14]李俊如,夏祥,李海波,等.核电站基岩爆破开挖损伤区研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4 674-4 678.(LI Junru,XIA Xiang,LI Haibo,et al.Study on blast-induced bedrock damage extension for a nuclear power station project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4 674-4 678.(in Chinese))
[15]朱焕春.某高边坡岩体声波测试与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):378-381.(ZHU Huanchun.Sonic wave measure and analysis of high rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):378-381.(in Chinese))
[16]张国华,陈礼彪,夏祥,等.大断面隧道爆破开挖围岩损伤范围试验研究及数值计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 610-1 619.(ZHANG Guohua,CHEN Libiao,XIA Xiang,et al.Numerical simulation and experimental study of damage range of surrounding rock in large tunnel under blasting excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 610-1 619.(in Chinese))
[17]PERSSON P A.The relationship between strain energy,rock damage,fragmentation,and throw in rock blasting[J].Fragblast,1997,1(1):99-110.
[18]YANG R L,ROCQUE P,KATSABANIS P,et al.Measurement and analysis of near-field blast vibration and damage[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1994,12(3):169-182.
[19]HOLMBERG R,PERSSON P A.The Swedish approach to contour blasting[C]//Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Explosive and Blasting Technique.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1978:113-127.
[20]唐海,李海波,周青春,等.预裂爆破震动效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(11):2 277-2 284.(TANG Hai,LIHaibo,ZHOU Qingchun,et al.Experimental study of vibration effect of presplit blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(11):2 277-2 284.(in Chinese))
[21]谢冰,李海波,刘亚群,等.宁德核电站核岛基坑爆破开挖安全控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 571-1 578.(XIEBing,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al.Study of safety control of foundation pit excavation by blasting in Ningde nuclear power plant[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 571-1 578.(in Chinese))
[22]熊海华,卢文波,李小联,等.龙滩水电站右岸导流洞开挖中爆破损伤范围研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):432-436.(XIONGHaihua,LU Wenbo,LI Xiaolian,et al.Study on blast-induced damage zone for excavation of diversion tunnel at right bank of Longtan Hydroelectric Project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):432-436.(in Chinese))
[23]贾虎,徐颖.岩体开挖爆炸应力损伤范围研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 489-3 492.(JIA Hu,XU Ying.Study on stress damage zone in excavation of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 489-3 492.(in Chinese))
[24]傅洪贤,赵勇,谢晋水,等.隧道爆破近区爆破振动测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):335-340.(FU Hongxian,ZHAOYong,XIE Jinshui,et al.Study of blasting vibration test of area near tunnel blasting source[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):335-340.(in Chinese))
[25]倪绍虎,何世海,陈益民,等.柱状节理玄武岩的破坏模式,破坏机制及工程对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增1):3 064-3 075.(NI Shaohu,HE Shihai,CHEN Yimin,et al.The failure modes,failure mechanisms and countermeasures of columnar jointed basalt rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):3 064-3 075.(in Chinese))
[26]吴刚,王青敏.柱状节理玄武岩爆破开挖现场试验研究——以白鹤滩水电站为例[J].水电与新能源,2015,(3):5-10.(WU Gang,WANG Qingmin.In-situ experimental study on blasting excavation of basalt with columnar joints in Baihetan Hydropower Station[J].Hydropower and New Energy,2015,(3):5-10.(in Chinese))
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