基因编辑的法律规制
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摘要
基因编辑技术迅速发展,带来广阔应用前景的同时也伴随着巨大的风险。应对基因编辑技术带来的挑战,法律需要综合权衡风险防控原则、权利保障原则、社会效益最大化原则和公平原则对技术运用进行规制。对于基因编辑技术的人体运用,国际法层面通过医疗伦理相关公约进行规制;国内法层面则从科技和医疗两个位面对基因编辑技术运用作出规制。现行基因编辑法律规制体系中,存在着规范层级效力低、违法责任较轻、专家委员会审查落空以及其他部门法没有协调跟进的问题。建议加快更高层级的生命科学立法,加强专家委员会的规范化运作,在更高位阶的立法中规定基因相关权利,相关部门法实现协调对接。
The rapid development of gene editing technology brings great application prospects and is accompanied by huge risks.In response to the challenges brought by gene editing technology,the law needs to comprehensively weigh the principles of risk prevention and control,the principle of rights protection,the principle of maximizing social benefits,and the principle of fairness to regulate the use of technology.For the human body application of gene editing technology,the international law level is focused on the relevant laws of medical ethics;the domestic law level is regulating from both science and technology aspect.In the current legal system of gene editing regulation,the existing problems include low level of normative efficiency,light responsibility for violations,deficiency of expert committee review,and uncoordinated follow-up by other departmental laws.It is recommended to accelerate higher-level life science legislation,strengthen the standardization of expert committees,and stipulate genetic related rights in higher-level legislation,and coordinate the relevant departmental laws.
The rapid development of gene editing technology brings great application prospects and is accompanied by huge risks.In response to the challenges brought by gene editing technology,the law needs to comprehensively weigh the principles of risk prevention and control,the principle of rights protection,the principle of maximizing social benefits,and the principle of fairness to regulate the use of technology.For the human body application of gene editing technology,the international law level is focused on the relevant laws of medical ethics;the domestic law level is regulating from both science and technology aspect.In the current legal system of gene editing regulation,the existing problems include low level of normative efficiency,light responsibility for violations,deficiency of expert committee review,and uncoordinated follow-up by other departmental laws.It is recommended to accelerate higher-level life science legislation,strengthen the standardization of expert committees,and stipulate genetic related rights in higher-level legislation,and coordinate the relevant departmental laws.
引文
[1]朱振.反对完美?——关于人类基因编辑的道德与法律哲学思考[J].华东政法大学学报,2018,21(1):72-84.
[2]任云晓,肖茹丹,娄晓敏,等.基因编辑技术研究进展和在基因治疗中的应用[EB/OL].(2018-12-06)[2018-12-15].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1913.R.20181206.1041.002.html.
[3]杨怀中,温帅凯.基因编辑技术的伦理问题及其对策[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2018,31(3):28-32.
[4]邱仁宗.基因编辑技术的研究和应用:伦理学的视角[J].医学与哲学(A),2016,37(7):1-7.
[5]吴曙霞,杨淑娇,吴祖泽.美国、欧盟、日本细胞治疗监管政策研究[J].中国医药生物术,2016,11(6):491-496.
[6]王康.人类基因编辑多维风险的法律规制[J].求索,2017(11):98-107.
[7]董妍,夏佳慧.基因编辑技术的制度规制路径探析.沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版),2019,12(2):97-102.
[2]任云晓,肖茹丹,娄晓敏,等.基因编辑技术研究进展和在基因治疗中的应用[EB/OL].(2018-12-06)[2018-12-15].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1913.R.20181206.1041.002.html.
[3]杨怀中,温帅凯.基因编辑技术的伦理问题及其对策[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2018,31(3):28-32.
[4]邱仁宗.基因编辑技术的研究和应用:伦理学的视角[J].医学与哲学(A),2016,37(7):1-7.
[5]吴曙霞,杨淑娇,吴祖泽.美国、欧盟、日本细胞治疗监管政策研究[J].中国医药生物术,2016,11(6):491-496.
[6]王康.人类基因编辑多维风险的法律规制[J].求索,2017(11):98-107.
[7]董妍,夏佳慧.基因编辑技术的制度规制路径探析.沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版),2019,12(2):97-102.
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