土方施工阶段膜型扬尘抑制剂研制及其性能研究
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摘要
为全面有效控制城市建筑施工扬尘排放,以海藻酸钠、氯化钙为材料,研制快速成膜型环境友好抑尘剂。采用正交实验确定适宜的配比及用量,并通过性能检测实验,对抑尘剂抑尘效果进行研究。结果显示,分别以4 L/m~2和2.5 L/m~2喷洒浓度为0.50%海藻酸钠和2.0%氯化钙溶液于裸露地面,表面可迅速成膜,覆盖并固结表层细颗粒,抑制扬尘并提高表层强度;成膜吸湿保水性良好,遇水不溶解、不迁移,耐风蚀性好,抑尘效率达99%以上。
In order to control the dust emissions from urban construction sites effectively,this study used sodium alginate as membrane-forming agent,calcium chloride as membrane-forming aid to develop instantly membrane-cover and environmentally friendly dust suppressor. The orthogonal experiment was applied to determine the appropriate ratio and the amount of each component,and a series of performance tests were applied to study the effect of dust suppressor.The results showed that sodium alginate solution and calcium chloride solution,the amount of which should be 4 L/m2 and2. 5 L/m2 and the mass fractions should be 0. 5% and 2. 0% respectively,were sprayed on the exposed ground,the surface formed a membrane rapidly,which can cover and compact the topsoil,then the dust emission can be controlled,and the surface strength can be improved. The hygroscopicity and water holding capacity of the membrane were good,the moisture content of the topsoil was above 11% and remained in a long period,the membrane was insoluble in water and cannot remove or transfer,it also had a good wind erosion resistance,if stimulating a five-grade wind to puff the membrane,the dust suppression rate reached to 99%.
In order to control the dust emissions from urban construction sites effectively,this study used sodium alginate as membrane-forming agent,calcium chloride as membrane-forming aid to develop instantly membrane-cover and environmentally friendly dust suppressor. The orthogonal experiment was applied to determine the appropriate ratio and the amount of each component,and a series of performance tests were applied to study the effect of dust suppressor.The results showed that sodium alginate solution and calcium chloride solution,the amount of which should be 4 L/m2 and2. 5 L/m2 and the mass fractions should be 0. 5% and 2. 0% respectively,were sprayed on the exposed ground,the surface formed a membrane rapidly,which can cover and compact the topsoil,then the dust emission can be controlled,and the surface strength can be improved. The hygroscopicity and water holding capacity of the membrane were good,the moisture content of the topsoil was above 11% and remained in a long period,the membrane was insoluble in water and cannot remove or transfer,it also had a good wind erosion resistance,if stimulating a five-grade wind to puff the membrane,the dust suppression rate reached to 99%.
引文
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[11]李明,白倩倩,李梦娜.纳米溶液的抑尘机理及其性能测试研究[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(5):43-47.
[12]王琴,田森林,郑云海,等.混凝土尘抑尘剂配方研制及其性能表征[J].环境污染与防治,2018,40(6):657-661.
[13]赵普生,冯银厂,金晶,等.建筑施工扬尘特征与监控指标[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(8):1618-1623.
[14]黄玉虎,田刚,秦建平,等.不同施工阶段扬尘污染特征研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2885-2888.
[15]WINDHUES T, BORCHARD W. Effect of acetylation on physiochemical properties of bacterial and algal alginates in physiological sodium chloride solutions investigated with light scattering techniques[J]. Carbohydr. Polym.,2003,52(1):47-52.
[16]BRACCINI I,PEREZ S. Molecular basis of Ca2+-induced gelation in alginates and pectins:the egg-box model revisited[J].Biomacromolecules,2001,2(4):1089-1096.
[2]王新民,王文娟,李杰,等.我国城市扬尘污染及其控制对策研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S2):588-592.
[3]樊守彬,张东旭,田灵娣,等.北京市交通扬尘PM2. 5排放清单及空间分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(1):20-28.
[4]肖绪文,冯大阔.建筑工程绿色施工现状分析及推进建议[J].施工技术,2013,42(1):12-15.
[5]单彩杰,冯大阔.《建筑业10项新技术(2017版)》绿色施工技术综述[J].建筑技术,2018,49(3):270-275.
[6]李钢,樊守彬,田刚,等.应用于沥青路面的化学抑尘剂效果实验[J].城市管理与科技,2005,7(4):152-154.
[7]杜翠凤,王远,卢俊杰,等.吸湿型路面抑尘剂配方研制及工业实验[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(6):876-881.
[8]徐召金,林木松,马磊,等.新型煤流抑尘剂的研究与应用[J].环境科技,2016,29(1):28-31,35.
[9]罗瑞冬,林木松,罗运柏,等.新型煤尘抑尘剂的制备及特性[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(S2):454-459.
[10]来水利,柴强,樊国栋,等.散煤运输用膜型抑尘剂的制备及性能研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(2):97-99.
[11]李明,白倩倩,李梦娜.纳米溶液的抑尘机理及其性能测试研究[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(5):43-47.
[12]王琴,田森林,郑云海,等.混凝土尘抑尘剂配方研制及其性能表征[J].环境污染与防治,2018,40(6):657-661.
[13]赵普生,冯银厂,金晶,等.建筑施工扬尘特征与监控指标[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(8):1618-1623.
[14]黄玉虎,田刚,秦建平,等.不同施工阶段扬尘污染特征研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2885-2888.
[15]WINDHUES T, BORCHARD W. Effect of acetylation on physiochemical properties of bacterial and algal alginates in physiological sodium chloride solutions investigated with light scattering techniques[J]. Carbohydr. Polym.,2003,52(1):47-52.
[16]BRACCINI I,PEREZ S. Molecular basis of Ca2+-induced gelation in alginates and pectins:the egg-box model revisited[J].Biomacromolecules,2001,2(4):1089-1096.
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