基于CSLE的安溪县土壤侵蚀估算与分析
|
摘要
安溪县是目前福建省水土流失最严重的区域,定量估算安溪县土壤侵蚀模数并分析其土壤侵蚀状况对当地水土保持和生态环境建设具有重要意义。以安溪县为研究区域,基于CSLE土壤侵蚀模型,开展2015年安溪县土壤侵蚀定量估算与分析。结果表明:1) 2015年安溪县土壤侵蚀总面积为638. 09 km2,水土流失率为21. 31%,其中以轻度流失为主,占总流失面积的74. 04%。2)土壤侵蚀主要分布于安溪县中北部和南部区域,且以双溪流域和大畬溪流域土壤侵蚀最为严重,流失率分别为29. 00%和32. 19%。3)> 15°～25°坡度带和海拔200～500 m区域内土壤侵蚀最为严重,> 15°～25°坡度带内流失面积约占全县总流失面积的1/2,200～500 m高程带内水土流失率高于20%,茶园的无序开垦是造成该现象的主要原因。这表明2015年安溪县土壤侵蚀整体情况较为严重,应确定土壤侵蚀重点治理区域,有针对性地制订土壤侵蚀防护措施,改善土壤侵蚀情况。
[Background]Soil erosion leads to a decline in land productivity and a sharp deterioration of the ecological environment. It is one of the most prominent problems in China's ecological environment,and it is also a global disaster. Anxi county,located in the red soil area of southern China,the collapse in low vegetation and the disorderly reclamation and the lack of management of tea gardens make Anxi county the most serious soilerosion county in Fujian province. The use of remote sensing technology to estimate soil erosion is effective method that may quickly provide a scientific theoretical basis for local soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction,and has important practical significance.[Methods]In recent years,the soil erosion model has been widely used in soil erosion monitoring.Based on the CSLE soil erosion model,this paper quantitatively estimated the soil erosion modulus of Anxi county in 2015,and used soil erosion rate and soil erosion index to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Anxi county and its relationship with slope and altitude. [Results]1)The soil erosion in Anxi county was still serious. In 2015,the average soil erosion modulus of Anxi county was 379. 72 t/(hm2·a),and the average soil erosion modulus of soil erosion area was 1 029. 02 t/(hm2·a). 2) In 2015,the total area of soil erosion in Anxi county reached 638. 09 km2,and the loss rate was as high as 21. 31%,light loss with an area of 472. 66 km2,accounting for 74. 04% of the total loss area,and the area of strong loss and above accounted for a small proportion,and about 2. 94% of the total lost area. 3) Soil erosion was mainly distributed in the north-central and southern regions of Anxi county,and the soil erosion was the most serious in the Shuangxi River Basin and the Dashe River Basin,the soil loss rate were 29. 00% and 32. 19%,respectively. The soil erosion index of these two basins was > 4,also indicating the severity of soil erosion in these two basins. 4) The soil erosion in the> 15-25° slope zone and the altitude of 200-500 m was the most serious. The > 15-25° slope inband loss area accounted for about half of the total loss area of the county. The soil erosion rate in the 200-500 m elevation was higher than that 20%. Because the slope of > 15-25° was of excessive reclamation and steep slope planting,and 200-500 m was an activity-intensive elevation belt,which also exacerbated soil erosion. [Conclusions] Due to the excessive reclamation of tea gardens and the failure of conducting land management according to the standard and collapsing hill,the overall situation of soil erosion in Anxi county is more serious. Relevant organizations should determine the key control areas for soil erosion,formulate soil erosion protection measures and improve soil erosion according to different causes of soil erosion,and therefore ensure the safety of the ecological environment.
[Background]Soil erosion leads to a decline in land productivity and a sharp deterioration of the ecological environment. It is one of the most prominent problems in China's ecological environment,and it is also a global disaster. Anxi county,located in the red soil area of southern China,the collapse in low vegetation and the disorderly reclamation and the lack of management of tea gardens make Anxi county the most serious soilerosion county in Fujian province. The use of remote sensing technology to estimate soil erosion is effective method that may quickly provide a scientific theoretical basis for local soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction,and has important practical significance.[Methods]In recent years,the soil erosion model has been widely used in soil erosion monitoring.Based on the CSLE soil erosion model,this paper quantitatively estimated the soil erosion modulus of Anxi county in 2015,and used soil erosion rate and soil erosion index to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Anxi county and its relationship with slope and altitude. [Results]1)The soil erosion in Anxi county was still serious. In 2015,the average soil erosion modulus of Anxi county was 379. 72 t/(hm2·a),and the average soil erosion modulus of soil erosion area was 1 029. 02 t/(hm2·a). 2) In 2015,the total area of soil erosion in Anxi county reached 638. 09 km2,and the loss rate was as high as 21. 31%,light loss with an area of 472. 66 km2,accounting for 74. 04% of the total loss area,and the area of strong loss and above accounted for a small proportion,and about 2. 94% of the total lost area. 3) Soil erosion was mainly distributed in the north-central and southern regions of Anxi county,and the soil erosion was the most serious in the Shuangxi River Basin and the Dashe River Basin,the soil loss rate were 29. 00% and 32. 19%,respectively. The soil erosion index of these two basins was > 4,also indicating the severity of soil erosion in these two basins. 4) The soil erosion in the> 15-25° slope zone and the altitude of 200-500 m was the most serious. The > 15-25° slope inband loss area accounted for about half of the total loss area of the county. The soil erosion rate in the 200-500 m elevation was higher than that 20%. Because the slope of > 15-25° was of excessive reclamation and steep slope planting,and 200-500 m was an activity-intensive elevation belt,which also exacerbated soil erosion. [Conclusions] Due to the excessive reclamation of tea gardens and the failure of conducting land management according to the standard and collapsing hill,the overall situation of soil erosion in Anxi county is more serious. Relevant organizations should determine the key control areas for soil erosion,formulate soil erosion protection measures and improve soil erosion according to different causes of soil erosion,and therefore ensure the safety of the ecological environment.
引文
[1] GELAGAY H S,MINALE A S. Soil loss estimation using GIS and remote sensing techniques:A case of Koga watershed,northwestern Ethiopia[J]. International Soil&Water Conservation Research,2016,4(2):126.
[2] BIESEMANS J,MEIRVENNE M V,GABRIELS D. Extending the RUSLE with the Monte Carlo error propagation technique to predict long-term average off-site sediment accumulation.[J]. Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2000,55(1):35.
[3]王振平,汪小钦,曾舒娇,等.福建省水土流失现状分析[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):169.WANG Zhenping,WANG Xiaoqin,ZENG Shujiao,et al.Analysis of soil and water loss status in Fujian province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(5):169.
[4]曾舒娇,汪小钦,陈贤干,等.福建省水土流失的时空变化[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(6):305.ZENG Shujiao,WANG Xiaoqin,CHEN Xianqian,et al.Spatial and temporal changes of soil erosion in Fujian province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(6):305.
[5] GALDINO S,SANO E E,ANDRADE R G,et al. Largescale modeling of soil erosion with RUSLE for conservationist planning of degraded cultivated Brazilian pastures[J]. Land Degradation&Development,2016,27(3):773.
[6] MAHALA A. Soil erosion estimation using RUSLE and GIS techniques:A study of a plateau fringe region of tropical environment[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2018,11(13):335.
[7] ISLAM M R,WAN Z W J,LAI S H,et al. Soil erosion assessment on hillslope of GCE using RUSLE model[J].Journal of Earth System Science,2018,127(4):50.
[8] VEENA U,JOSHI. Soil loss estimation based on RUSLE along the Central Hunter Valley Region,NSW,Australia[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of India,2018,91(5):554.
[9]陈美淇,魏欣,张科利,等.基于CSLE模型的贵州省水土流失规律分析[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):16.CHEN Meiqi,WEI Xin,ZHANG Keli,et al. Analysis of soil and water loss law in Guizhou province based on CSLE model[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):16.
[10]孙禹,哈斯额尔敦,杜会石.基于GIS的东北黑土区土壤侵蚀模数计算[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(1):1.SUN Yu,Hasieerdun,DU Huishi. Study on soil erosion modulus of northeast black soil region based on GIS[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(1):1.
[11]宋文龙,张荣华,高云飞,等.基于野外调查、遥感信息和CSLE模型的土壤侵蚀强度分级[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(5):170.SONG Wenlong,ZHANG Ronghua,GAO Yunfei,et al.Soil erosion intensity grading based on field survey,remote sensing information and CSLE model[J]. Southto-North Water Transfer and Water Science and Technology,2014,12(5):170.
[12]林培贤,苏伟达,庄惠彬.安溪县梯田茶园水土流失现状及对策[J].农业科技通讯,2006(1):32.LIN Peixian,SU Weida,ZHUANG Huibin. Current status and countermeasures of soil and water loss in terraced tea plantation in Anxi county[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2006(1):32.
[13]林金堂,查轩.安溪县水土流失及防治对策[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(2):59.LIN Jintang,ZHA Xuan. Soil and water loss and prevention countermeasures in Anxi county[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(2):59.
[14]章文波,刘宝元.基于GIS的中国土壤侵蚀预报信息系统[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):89.ZHANG Wenbo,LIU Baoyuan. GIS-based China soil erosion forecast information system[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,17(2):89.
[15]陈振南.福建省气候公报(2015年)[EB/OL].(2016-03-16)[2019-06-12]. http:∥fj. weather. com. cn/zxfw/qhgb/03/2483261. shtml.CHEN Zhennan. Fujian provincial climate bulletin(2015)[EB/OL].(2016-03-16)[2019-06-12]. http:∥fj. weather. com. cn/zxfw/qhgb/03/2483261. shtml.
[16]周伏建,黄炎和.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):13.ZHOU Fujian,HUANG Yanhe. R value of rainfall erosivity index in Fujian province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,9(1):13.
[17]方纲清,阮伏水,吴雄海,等.福建省主要土壤可蚀性特征初探[J].亚热带水土保持,1997(2):19.FANG Gangqing,RUAN Fushui,WU Xionghai,et al.Preliminary study on the characteristics of main soil erodibility in Fujian province[J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,1997(2):19.
[18]刘宝元,毕小刚,符素华.北京土壤流失方程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:52.LIU Baoyuan,BI Xiaogang,FU Suhua. Beijing soil loss equation[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2010:52.
[19]谢红霞,李锐,杨勤科,等.退耕还林(草)和降雨变化对延河流域土壤侵蚀的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):569.XIE Hongxia,LI Rui,YANG Qinke,et al. Effects of returning farmland to forests(grass)and rainfall changes on soil erosion in Yanhe River Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2009,42(2):569.
[20]曹炜,高云飞,李智广,等.河龙区间植物措施因子定量计算[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):96.CAO Wei,GAO Yunfei,LI Zhiguang,et al. Quantitative calculation of plant measure factors in Helong area[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2012,19(4):96.
[21]马超飞,马建文,布和敖斯尔. USLE模型中植被覆盖因子的遥感数据定量估算[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(4):6.MA Chaofei,MA Jianwen,Buheaosier. Quantitative estimation of remote sensing data of vegetation coverage factors in USLE model[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(4):6.
[22] AKSOY S,AKCAY H G,WASSENAAR T. Automatic mapping of linear woody vegetation features in agricultural landscapes using very high resolution imagery[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2009,48(1):511.
[23] DIHKAN M,GUNEROGLU N,KARSLI F,et al. Remote sensing of tea plantations using an SVM classifier and pattern-based accuracy assessment technique[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(23):8549.
[24]张斌,梁音,廖纯艳,等.中国水土流失防治与生态安全,南方红壤区卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:195ZHANG Bin,LIANG Yin,LIAO Chunyan,et al. Soil erosion control and ecological security in China,southern red soil area volume[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2010:195.
[25]中华人民共和国水利部.中华人民共和国行业标准(SL575—2012)水利水电工程水土保持技术规范[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012:68.Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Industry standards of the People's Republic of China(SL575-2012)technical specification for soil and water conservation of water conservancy and hydropower engineering[M]. Beijing:China Water Resources and Hydropower Press,2012:68.
[26]徐劲林,查轩.土壤侵蚀危险度的计算与影响因子分析:以福建安溪红壤水土流失区为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(5):577.XU Jinlin,ZHA Xuan. Calculation of soil erosion risk and analysis of impact factors:Taking soil and water loss area of Anxi red soil in Fujian province as an example[J]. Journal of Earth Information Science,2009,11(5):577.
[27]陈志强,王苏颖,陈志彪.根溪河小流域高程和坡度对水土流失现状的影响[J].海南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,20(1):88.CHEN Zhiqiang,WANG Suying,CHEN Zhixuan. Influence of elevation and slope of Genxihe small watershed on the status quo of soil erosion[J]. Journal of Hainan Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2007,20(1):88.
[28]彭华.土壤侵蚀临界坡度研究进展[J].水土保持应用技术,2004(2):30.PENG Hua. Research progress on critical slope of soil erosion[J]. Application of Soil and Water Conservation,2004(2):30.
[29]赵明松,李德成,张甘霖,等.基于RUSLE模型的安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失评估[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):28.ZHAO Mingsong,LI Decheng,ZHANG Ganlin,et al.Assessment of soil erosion and nutrient loss in Anhui province based on RUSLE model[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(1):28.
[30]陈文祥.福建省长汀县水土流失地形因子影响分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2016,28(1):5.CHEN Wenxiang. Analysis of the influence of soil and water loss topographic factors in Changting county of Fujian province[J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2016,28(1):5.
[31]王维明,陈明华,林敬兰,等.福建省坡耕地水土流失问题及对策[J].水利科技,2010(4):12.WANG Weiming,CHEN Minghua,LIN Jinglan,et al.Problems and countermeasures of soil erosion in sloping farmland in Fujian province[J]. Water Resources Science and Technology,2010(4):12.
(1)数据由福建省水土保持试验站提供
[2] BIESEMANS J,MEIRVENNE M V,GABRIELS D. Extending the RUSLE with the Monte Carlo error propagation technique to predict long-term average off-site sediment accumulation.[J]. Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2000,55(1):35.
[3]王振平,汪小钦,曾舒娇,等.福建省水土流失现状分析[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):169.WANG Zhenping,WANG Xiaoqin,ZENG Shujiao,et al.Analysis of soil and water loss status in Fujian province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(5):169.
[4]曾舒娇,汪小钦,陈贤干,等.福建省水土流失的时空变化[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(6):305.ZENG Shujiao,WANG Xiaoqin,CHEN Xianqian,et al.Spatial and temporal changes of soil erosion in Fujian province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(6):305.
[5] GALDINO S,SANO E E,ANDRADE R G,et al. Largescale modeling of soil erosion with RUSLE for conservationist planning of degraded cultivated Brazilian pastures[J]. Land Degradation&Development,2016,27(3):773.
[6] MAHALA A. Soil erosion estimation using RUSLE and GIS techniques:A study of a plateau fringe region of tropical environment[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2018,11(13):335.
[7] ISLAM M R,WAN Z W J,LAI S H,et al. Soil erosion assessment on hillslope of GCE using RUSLE model[J].Journal of Earth System Science,2018,127(4):50.
[8] VEENA U,JOSHI. Soil loss estimation based on RUSLE along the Central Hunter Valley Region,NSW,Australia[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of India,2018,91(5):554.
[9]陈美淇,魏欣,张科利,等.基于CSLE模型的贵州省水土流失规律分析[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):16.CHEN Meiqi,WEI Xin,ZHANG Keli,et al. Analysis of soil and water loss law in Guizhou province based on CSLE model[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):16.
[10]孙禹,哈斯额尔敦,杜会石.基于GIS的东北黑土区土壤侵蚀模数计算[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(1):1.SUN Yu,Hasieerdun,DU Huishi. Study on soil erosion modulus of northeast black soil region based on GIS[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(1):1.
[11]宋文龙,张荣华,高云飞,等.基于野外调查、遥感信息和CSLE模型的土壤侵蚀强度分级[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(5):170.SONG Wenlong,ZHANG Ronghua,GAO Yunfei,et al.Soil erosion intensity grading based on field survey,remote sensing information and CSLE model[J]. Southto-North Water Transfer and Water Science and Technology,2014,12(5):170.
[12]林培贤,苏伟达,庄惠彬.安溪县梯田茶园水土流失现状及对策[J].农业科技通讯,2006(1):32.LIN Peixian,SU Weida,ZHUANG Huibin. Current status and countermeasures of soil and water loss in terraced tea plantation in Anxi county[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2006(1):32.
[13]林金堂,查轩.安溪县水土流失及防治对策[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(2):59.LIN Jintang,ZHA Xuan. Soil and water loss and prevention countermeasures in Anxi county[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(2):59.
[14]章文波,刘宝元.基于GIS的中国土壤侵蚀预报信息系统[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):89.ZHANG Wenbo,LIU Baoyuan. GIS-based China soil erosion forecast information system[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,17(2):89.
[15]陈振南.福建省气候公报(2015年)[EB/OL].(2016-03-16)[2019-06-12]. http:∥fj. weather. com. cn/zxfw/qhgb/03/2483261. shtml.CHEN Zhennan. Fujian provincial climate bulletin(2015)[EB/OL].(2016-03-16)[2019-06-12]. http:∥fj. weather. com. cn/zxfw/qhgb/03/2483261. shtml.
[16]周伏建,黄炎和.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):13.ZHOU Fujian,HUANG Yanhe. R value of rainfall erosivity index in Fujian province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,9(1):13.
[17]方纲清,阮伏水,吴雄海,等.福建省主要土壤可蚀性特征初探[J].亚热带水土保持,1997(2):19.FANG Gangqing,RUAN Fushui,WU Xionghai,et al.Preliminary study on the characteristics of main soil erodibility in Fujian province[J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,1997(2):19.
[18]刘宝元,毕小刚,符素华.北京土壤流失方程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:52.LIU Baoyuan,BI Xiaogang,FU Suhua. Beijing soil loss equation[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2010:52.
[19]谢红霞,李锐,杨勤科,等.退耕还林(草)和降雨变化对延河流域土壤侵蚀的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):569.XIE Hongxia,LI Rui,YANG Qinke,et al. Effects of returning farmland to forests(grass)and rainfall changes on soil erosion in Yanhe River Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2009,42(2):569.
[20]曹炜,高云飞,李智广,等.河龙区间植物措施因子定量计算[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):96.CAO Wei,GAO Yunfei,LI Zhiguang,et al. Quantitative calculation of plant measure factors in Helong area[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2012,19(4):96.
[21]马超飞,马建文,布和敖斯尔. USLE模型中植被覆盖因子的遥感数据定量估算[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(4):6.MA Chaofei,MA Jianwen,Buheaosier. Quantitative estimation of remote sensing data of vegetation coverage factors in USLE model[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(4):6.
[22] AKSOY S,AKCAY H G,WASSENAAR T. Automatic mapping of linear woody vegetation features in agricultural landscapes using very high resolution imagery[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2009,48(1):511.
[23] DIHKAN M,GUNEROGLU N,KARSLI F,et al. Remote sensing of tea plantations using an SVM classifier and pattern-based accuracy assessment technique[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(23):8549.
[24]张斌,梁音,廖纯艳,等.中国水土流失防治与生态安全,南方红壤区卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:195ZHANG Bin,LIANG Yin,LIAO Chunyan,et al. Soil erosion control and ecological security in China,southern red soil area volume[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2010:195.
[25]中华人民共和国水利部.中华人民共和国行业标准(SL575—2012)水利水电工程水土保持技术规范[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012:68.Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Industry standards of the People's Republic of China(SL575-2012)technical specification for soil and water conservation of water conservancy and hydropower engineering[M]. Beijing:China Water Resources and Hydropower Press,2012:68.
[26]徐劲林,查轩.土壤侵蚀危险度的计算与影响因子分析:以福建安溪红壤水土流失区为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(5):577.XU Jinlin,ZHA Xuan. Calculation of soil erosion risk and analysis of impact factors:Taking soil and water loss area of Anxi red soil in Fujian province as an example[J]. Journal of Earth Information Science,2009,11(5):577.
[27]陈志强,王苏颖,陈志彪.根溪河小流域高程和坡度对水土流失现状的影响[J].海南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,20(1):88.CHEN Zhiqiang,WANG Suying,CHEN Zhixuan. Influence of elevation and slope of Genxihe small watershed on the status quo of soil erosion[J]. Journal of Hainan Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2007,20(1):88.
[28]彭华.土壤侵蚀临界坡度研究进展[J].水土保持应用技术,2004(2):30.PENG Hua. Research progress on critical slope of soil erosion[J]. Application of Soil and Water Conservation,2004(2):30.
[29]赵明松,李德成,张甘霖,等.基于RUSLE模型的安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失评估[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):28.ZHAO Mingsong,LI Decheng,ZHANG Ganlin,et al.Assessment of soil erosion and nutrient loss in Anhui province based on RUSLE model[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(1):28.
[30]陈文祥.福建省长汀县水土流失地形因子影响分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2016,28(1):5.CHEN Wenxiang. Analysis of the influence of soil and water loss topographic factors in Changting county of Fujian province[J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2016,28(1):5.
[31]王维明,陈明华,林敬兰,等.福建省坡耕地水土流失问题及对策[J].水利科技,2010(4):12.WANG Weiming,CHEN Minghua,LIN Jinglan,et al.Problems and countermeasures of soil erosion in sloping farmland in Fujian province[J]. Water Resources Science and Technology,2010(4):12.
(1)数据由福建省水土保持试验站提供
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |