黄土丘陵区不同植物根系抗拉力学特性
|
摘要
植被对于黄土丘陵区的生态修复和物源稳定具有重要意义,其中植物根系抗拉力学特性是影响植物护坡的主要因素。为了研究黄土丘陵区植物根系抗拉特性,以黄土丘陵区3种典型植物种群[狼牙刺(Sophora viciifolia)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia gmelinii)、苔草(Carex lanceolata Boott)]为研究对象,采用野外采样、室内试验与实验分析相结合的方法,探究了3种植物根系抗拉力学特性。研究表明:(1)根长一定时,3种植物的最大抗拉力随着根径的增加而增加,单根极限抗拉强度随着根径的增大而减小;而根径一定时,根系的最大抗拉力和极限抗拉强度随根长的增大而减少;弹性模量值随着根径和根长增长呈下降趋势。(2) 3种植物根系平均最大抗拉力关系为狼牙刺(12.135 N)>苔草(11.194 N)>铁杆蒿(9.168 N);平均极限抗拉强度为铁杆蒿(15.718 MPa)>苔草(15.486 MPa)>狼牙刺(6.457 MPa);平均弹性模量分别为铁杆蒿(2.900 N/mm)>狼牙刺(1.698 N/mm)>苔草(1.003 N/mm)。结果表明这3种植物中铁杆蒿根系的固土能力最好,在选择最为适宜的水土保持物种时可以优先考虑。研究结果可为黄土丘陵区水土保持研究提供一定的科学依据。
Plant roots play an important role in slope stability in the loess hilly region. And tensile mechanical properties of plant roots are the main factors affecting slope protection of plant. Based on field sampling and indoor simulation experiment and laboratory analysis, the tensile mechanical properties of three typical plants roots(Sophora viciifolia, Artemisia gmelinii, Carex lanceolata Boott) in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results showed that:(1) with certain root length, the maximum root tensile strength of the three plants decreased with root diameter increasing; within certain root diameter, the maximum root tensile strength decreased with increase of root length. In addition, the elastic modulus decreased with increase of both root diameter and length;(2) the average maximum tensile resistance of the three species decreased in the order; Sophora viciifolia(12.135 N)>Carex lanceolata Boott(11.194 N)>Artemisia gmelinii(9.168 N); the average tensile strength ranked as the sequence, Artemisia gmelinii(15.718 MPa)>Carex lanceolata Boott(15.486 MPa)>Sophora viciifolia(6.457 MPa); the average elastic modulus decreased in order, Artemisia gmelini(2.900 MPa/mm)>Sophora viciifolia(1.698 MPa/mm)>Carex lanceolata Boott(1.003 MPa/mm). According to the results, Artemisia gmelinii has the best ability of soil fixation and slope protection among the studied three species, which can be a suitable species to maintain soil and water. The results provide the data basis for slope protection and soil and water conservation with vegetation on the Loess Plateau.
Plant roots play an important role in slope stability in the loess hilly region. And tensile mechanical properties of plant roots are the main factors affecting slope protection of plant. Based on field sampling and indoor simulation experiment and laboratory analysis, the tensile mechanical properties of three typical plants roots(Sophora viciifolia, Artemisia gmelinii, Carex lanceolata Boott) in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results showed that:(1) with certain root length, the maximum root tensile strength of the three plants decreased with root diameter increasing; within certain root diameter, the maximum root tensile strength decreased with increase of root length. In addition, the elastic modulus decreased with increase of both root diameter and length;(2) the average maximum tensile resistance of the three species decreased in the order; Sophora viciifolia(12.135 N)>Carex lanceolata Boott(11.194 N)>Artemisia gmelinii(9.168 N); the average tensile strength ranked as the sequence, Artemisia gmelinii(15.718 MPa)>Carex lanceolata Boott(15.486 MPa)>Sophora viciifolia(6.457 MPa); the average elastic modulus decreased in order, Artemisia gmelini(2.900 MPa/mm)>Sophora viciifolia(1.698 MPa/mm)>Carex lanceolata Boott(1.003 MPa/mm). According to the results, Artemisia gmelinii has the best ability of soil fixation and slope protection among the studied three species, which can be a suitable species to maintain soil and water. The results provide the data basis for slope protection and soil and water conservation with vegetation on the Loess Plateau.
引文
[1]李强,刘国彬,许明祥,等.黄土丘陵区冻融对土壤抗冲性及相关物理性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(17):105-112.
[2]高海东,李占斌,李鹏,等.基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究[J].地理学报,2015,70(9):1503-1515.
[3]Fu B J,Liu Y,Lv Y H,et al.Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Ecological Complexity,2011,8(4):284-293.
[4]刘国彬,李敏,上官周平,等.西北黄土区水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):16-21.
[5]王青杵,王改玲,石生新,等.晋北黄土丘陵区不同人工植被对水土流失和土壤水分含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):71-79.
[6]程洪,颜传盛,李建庆,等.草本植物根系网的固土机制模式与力学试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(1):62-65.
[7]解明曙.林木根系固坡力学机制研究[J].水土保持学报,1999,4(3):7-14.
[8]李勇,武淑霞,夏侯国风.紫色土区刺槐林根系对土壤结构的稳定作用[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(2):2-8.
[9]Twardowski Z J.Daily dialysis:is this a reasonable option for the new millennium?[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2001,16(7):1321-1324.
[10]Tosi M.Root tensile strength relationships and their slope stability implications of three shrub species in the Northern Apennines(Italy)[J].Geomorphology,2007,87(4):268-283.
[11]Genet M,Stokes A,Fourcaud T,et al.The influence of plant diversity on slope stability in a moist evergreen deciduous forest[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(3):265-275.
[12]郭晓朦,黄茹,何丙辉,等.不同水土保持林草措施对三峡库区土壤理化性质的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):555-563.
[13]Chaobo Z,Xia Z,Jing J,et al.Root m oisture content influence on root tensile tests of herbaceous plants[J].Catena,2019,172:140-147.
[14]陈丽华,余新晓,宋维峰,等.林木根系固土力学机制[M].北京,中国科学出版社,2012.
[15]杨维西,赵廷宁,李生智,等.人工刺槐林采伐后根系固土作用的衰退状况[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(1):6-10.
[16]左志严,格日乐,乌仁图雅,等.内蒙古中西部3种乡土植物根系抗拉力学特性的对比研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):52-63.
[17]李光莹,虎啸天,李希来,等.黄河源玛沁地区高寒草地植物固土护坡的力学效应[J].山地学报,2014,32(5):550-560.
[18]赵丽兵,张宝贵.紫花苜蓿和马唐根的生物力学性能及相关因素的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(9):7-12.
[19]陆桂红,欧国强,杨顺,等.泥石流源区典型草本植物根系抗拉试验[J].山地学报,2014,32(6):725-731.
[20]钟荣华,鲍玉海,贺秀斌,等.三峡水库消落带4种草本植物根系抗拉力学特性草本根系抗拉特性及根系粘聚力[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):188-194.
[21]肖宏彬,赵亮,李珍玉,等.香根草根系的分布形态及抗拉强度试验研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(3):6-10.
[22]李建兴,何丙辉,谌芸,等.不同护坡草本植物根系分布特征及其对土壤抗剪强度影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):144-152.
[23]朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.青藏高原黄土区护坡灌木植物根系力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S2):3445-3452.
[24]严方晨,焦菊英,曹斌挺,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区撂荒地不同演替阶段植物群落的土壤抗蚀性:以坊塌流域为例[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):64-72.
[25]Fu B J,Zhang Q J,Chen L D,et al.Temporal change in land use and its relationship to slope degree and soil type in a small catchment on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Catena,2006,65(1):41-48.
[26]Bischetti G B,Chiaradia E A,Epis T,et al.Root cohesion of forest species in the Italian Alps[J].Plant and Soil,2009,324(1):71-89.
[27]黄林,王峰,周立江,等.不同森林类型根系分布与土壤性质的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6110-6119.
[28]葛芳红,周正朝,刘俊娥,等.黄土丘陵区4种典型植物根系分布特征及对土壤分离速率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):164-169.
[29]吕春娟,陈丽华,周硕,等.不同乔木根系的抗拉力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(S):329-335.
[30]陈丽华,及金楠,冀晓东,等.林木根系基本力学性质[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:24-25.
[31]Zhang Chaobo,Chen Lihua,Jiang Jing,et al.Effects of gauge length and strain rate on the tensile strength of tree roots[J].Trees,2012,26(5):1577-1584.
[32]欧阳前超,魏杨,周霞,等.土石山区护坡草本植物根系抗拉力学特性[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(4):35-41.
[2]高海东,李占斌,李鹏,等.基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究[J].地理学报,2015,70(9):1503-1515.
[3]Fu B J,Liu Y,Lv Y H,et al.Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Ecological Complexity,2011,8(4):284-293.
[4]刘国彬,李敏,上官周平,等.西北黄土区水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):16-21.
[5]王青杵,王改玲,石生新,等.晋北黄土丘陵区不同人工植被对水土流失和土壤水分含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):71-79.
[6]程洪,颜传盛,李建庆,等.草本植物根系网的固土机制模式与力学试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(1):62-65.
[7]解明曙.林木根系固坡力学机制研究[J].水土保持学报,1999,4(3):7-14.
[8]李勇,武淑霞,夏侯国风.紫色土区刺槐林根系对土壤结构的稳定作用[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(2):2-8.
[9]Twardowski Z J.Daily dialysis:is this a reasonable option for the new millennium?[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2001,16(7):1321-1324.
[10]Tosi M.Root tensile strength relationships and their slope stability implications of three shrub species in the Northern Apennines(Italy)[J].Geomorphology,2007,87(4):268-283.
[11]Genet M,Stokes A,Fourcaud T,et al.The influence of plant diversity on slope stability in a moist evergreen deciduous forest[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(3):265-275.
[12]郭晓朦,黄茹,何丙辉,等.不同水土保持林草措施对三峡库区土壤理化性质的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):555-563.
[13]Chaobo Z,Xia Z,Jing J,et al.Root m oisture content influence on root tensile tests of herbaceous plants[J].Catena,2019,172:140-147.
[14]陈丽华,余新晓,宋维峰,等.林木根系固土力学机制[M].北京,中国科学出版社,2012.
[15]杨维西,赵廷宁,李生智,等.人工刺槐林采伐后根系固土作用的衰退状况[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(1):6-10.
[16]左志严,格日乐,乌仁图雅,等.内蒙古中西部3种乡土植物根系抗拉力学特性的对比研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):52-63.
[17]李光莹,虎啸天,李希来,等.黄河源玛沁地区高寒草地植物固土护坡的力学效应[J].山地学报,2014,32(5):550-560.
[18]赵丽兵,张宝贵.紫花苜蓿和马唐根的生物力学性能及相关因素的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(9):7-12.
[19]陆桂红,欧国强,杨顺,等.泥石流源区典型草本植物根系抗拉试验[J].山地学报,2014,32(6):725-731.
[20]钟荣华,鲍玉海,贺秀斌,等.三峡水库消落带4种草本植物根系抗拉力学特性草本根系抗拉特性及根系粘聚力[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):188-194.
[21]肖宏彬,赵亮,李珍玉,等.香根草根系的分布形态及抗拉强度试验研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(3):6-10.
[22]李建兴,何丙辉,谌芸,等.不同护坡草本植物根系分布特征及其对土壤抗剪强度影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):144-152.
[23]朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.青藏高原黄土区护坡灌木植物根系力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S2):3445-3452.
[24]严方晨,焦菊英,曹斌挺,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区撂荒地不同演替阶段植物群落的土壤抗蚀性:以坊塌流域为例[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):64-72.
[25]Fu B J,Zhang Q J,Chen L D,et al.Temporal change in land use and its relationship to slope degree and soil type in a small catchment on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Catena,2006,65(1):41-48.
[26]Bischetti G B,Chiaradia E A,Epis T,et al.Root cohesion of forest species in the Italian Alps[J].Plant and Soil,2009,324(1):71-89.
[27]黄林,王峰,周立江,等.不同森林类型根系分布与土壤性质的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6110-6119.
[28]葛芳红,周正朝,刘俊娥,等.黄土丘陵区4种典型植物根系分布特征及对土壤分离速率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):164-169.
[29]吕春娟,陈丽华,周硕,等.不同乔木根系的抗拉力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(S):329-335.
[30]陈丽华,及金楠,冀晓东,等.林木根系基本力学性质[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:24-25.
[31]Zhang Chaobo,Chen Lihua,Jiang Jing,et al.Effects of gauge length and strain rate on the tensile strength of tree roots[J].Trees,2012,26(5):1577-1584.
[32]欧阳前超,魏杨,周霞,等.土石山区护坡草本植物根系抗拉力学特性[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(4):35-41.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |