三峡水库支流水体富营养化现状及防治策略
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摘要
三峡水库蓄水以来,受干流回水顶托的影响,支流回水区由天然河流演变为库湾,水体自净能力大幅下降,自2003年起库区多条支流富营养化严重并多次发生水华。三峡水库实施175 m蓄水以及受上游新建水库的影响,库区支流水文条件改变,富营养化程度进一步加重。综合了2010年起实施175 m蓄水后连续7年库区支流富营养化状态的相关研究资料,对库区水体富营养化现状及评估预测方法进行分析,结合库区污染源及污染处置情况探讨了库区支流富营养化发展趋势,并对富营养化防治策略提出了相关建议,以期为三峡库区富营养化综合治理,确保水环境安全提供指导。
With the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,influenced by the backwater of the main stream,the tributary backwater area has evolved from natural river into reservoir bay,and the water self-purification capacity declined sharply,so serious eutrophication has arisen in certain tributaries and water-bloom has erupted many times since 2003. The hydrological conditions of the tributaries have changed with the influence of the 175 m impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the newly-built reservoirs on the upstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir,and the eutrophication level has further aggravated. In this paper,the relevant research data on the eutrophication status of tributaries in the Three Gorges Reservoir after the 175 m impoundment for seven consecutive years since 2010 was comprehensively studied,and the eutrophication status and its assessment and prediction methods in the reservoir area were analyzed. Besides,the development trend of the eutrophication was discussed by combining with the pollution source and pollution disposal situation,and some suggestions on the prevention and treatment strategy of eutrophication were given, in order to provide guidance for the comprehensive treatment of eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region and water environment security ensurance.
With the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,influenced by the backwater of the main stream,the tributary backwater area has evolved from natural river into reservoir bay,and the water self-purification capacity declined sharply,so serious eutrophication has arisen in certain tributaries and water-bloom has erupted many times since 2003. The hydrological conditions of the tributaries have changed with the influence of the 175 m impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the newly-built reservoirs on the upstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir,and the eutrophication level has further aggravated. In this paper,the relevant research data on the eutrophication status of tributaries in the Three Gorges Reservoir after the 175 m impoundment for seven consecutive years since 2010 was comprehensively studied,and the eutrophication status and its assessment and prediction methods in the reservoir area were analyzed. Besides,the development trend of the eutrophication was discussed by combining with the pollution source and pollution disposal situation,and some suggestions on the prevention and treatment strategy of eutrophication were given, in order to provide guidance for the comprehensive treatment of eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region and water environment security ensurance.
引文
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[9]王俊,程海云.三峡水库蓄水期长江中下游水文情势变化及对策[J].中国水利,2010,(19):15-17.
[10]王晓青,郭劲松.三峡蓄水对小江CODCr、NH3-N及TP纳污能力的影响[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(4):674-678.
[11]傅道林,刘晓霭,刘学斌.三峡库区巫山段175 m试验性蓄水前后水质时空分布变化[J].环境科学导刊,2010,29(2):49-52.
[12]文传浩,秦方鹏,王钰莹,等.从库区管理到流域治理:三峡库区水环境管理的战略转变[J].西部论坛,2017,27(2):58-62.
[13] Enjun D,Deti X. Integrated technology system to control non-point pollution in the Three-Gorge Reservoir Areas, China[C]∥International Conference on Bioinformatics&Biomedical Engineering,2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE,2010:1-5.
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[15] Xiong C J,Liu D F,Zheng B H,et al. The influence of hydrodynamic conditions on algal bloom in the Three Gorges Reservoir Tributaries[J]. Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013,295/298:1981-1990.
[16] Fu D L,Liu X A,Liu X B. Time and spatial changes of water quality in Wushan Area of Three Gorges Reservoir before and after170 meters pilot impounding[J]. Environmental Science Survey,2010,29(2):49-52.
[17]段学军,虞孝感,邹辉.长江经济带开发构想与发展态势[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(10):1621-1629.
[18]黄真理.三峡水库水环境保护研究及其进展[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(5):7-15.
[19]中国环境监测总站.长江三峡工程生态与环境监测公报[R].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护部,2010-2017.
[20] Carlson R E. A trophic state index for lakes[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,1977,22(2):361-369.
[21] Aizaki M. Application of modified Carson’s trophic state index to Japanese lakes and its relationships to other parameters related to trophic state[J]. Research Report of National Institute of Environmental Study,1981,(23):13-31.
[22]金相灿.中国湖泊富营养化[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:134.
[23]蒙万轮,钟成华,邓春光,等.三峡库区蓄水后支流回水段富营养化研究[J].环境科学导刊,2005,24(增刊2):93-95.
[24]王娟,胡正峰,张磊,等.三峡库区支流澎溪河回水区水质调查与评价[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(7):67-74.
[25]左新宇,兰峰,杜小兵,等.三峡库区小江富营养化现状及防治建议[J].水利水电快报,2016,37(11):12-16.
[26]张晟,李崇明,付永川,等.三峡水库成库后支流库湾营养状态及营养盐输出[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):7-12.
[27]邱光胜,胡圣,叶丹,等.三峡库区支流富营养化及水华现状研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(3):311-316.
[28]向迎春,张丽莹,刘贵强,等.三峡水库万州段支流回水区富营养化时空分布研究[J].重庆三峡学院学报,2014(3):4-9.
[29]刘玉洁,尹真真.三峡水库支流回水区富营养化时空分布特征[J].环境保护科学,2014,40(2):30-34.
[30]杜富芝,傅瓦利,杜小红,等.基于BP神经网络的三峡库区小流域水质评价[J].节水灌溉,2009(1):8-10.
[31]张平,黄钰铃,陈媛媛,等.模糊数学在香溪河库湾富营养化评价中的应用[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(6):178-184.
[32]封丽,张学睿,封雷,等.基于粗糙集的三峡库区支流水质富营养化模糊综合评价模型研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(12):105-110.
[33]范敏,石为人.基于PRM的水体富营养化风险分析建模[J].计算机工程,2010,36(24):261-263.
[34]尹真真.三峡库区支流富营养化趋势类比预测模型研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(12):6-9.
[35]肖鸣,李卫明,刘德富,等.基于多重优化灰色模型的三峡库区香溪河支流回水区水华变化趋势预测研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):1153-1161.
[36]朱孔贤,郑玥,王家生,等.基于藻类功能类群的Q指数法在水生态评价中的应用[C]∥中国水利学会2016学术年会.成都,2016:219-223.
[37]彭福利,何立环,于洋,等.三峡库区长江干流及主要支流氮磷叶绿素变化趋势研究[J].中国科学(技术科学),2017,47(8):845-855.
[38] Tang M J,Jiang D G,Luo X B,et al. Hydraulic characteristic analysis of Three Gorges Reservoir Xiangxi Bay[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2013,726/731:3413-3418.
[2] Rast W,Thornton J A. Trends in eutrophication research and control[J]. Hydrological Processes,2015,10(2):295-313.
[3] LuX Y,Xu F L,Zhan W,et al. Current situation and development trends in lake eutrophication models[J]. Advances in Water Science,2003,14(6):792-798.
[4] Deng K,Yang S,Lian E,et al. Three Gorges Dam alters the Changjiang(Yangtze)river water cycle in the dry seasons:evidence from H-O isotopes[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,562:89-97.
[5] Wang J. Three Gorges Project:the largest water conservancy project in the world[J]. Public Administration&Development,2002,22(5):369-375.
[6] Zou X,Pan X J,Zheng Z W,et al. Temporal-spatial variation of chlorophyll a and environmental factors in the Xiaojiang River Backwater of Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(4):48-56.
[7] Jianhua M,Mingming H,Xi Z. Present situation and control of outbreaks of algal blooms in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Meteorological&Environmental Research,2016,7(6):33-37.
[8]张佳磊,郑丙辉,熊超军,等.三峡大宁河水体光学特征及其对藻类生物量的影响[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(5):492-497.
[9]王俊,程海云.三峡水库蓄水期长江中下游水文情势变化及对策[J].中国水利,2010,(19):15-17.
[10]王晓青,郭劲松.三峡蓄水对小江CODCr、NH3-N及TP纳污能力的影响[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(4):674-678.
[11]傅道林,刘晓霭,刘学斌.三峡库区巫山段175 m试验性蓄水前后水质时空分布变化[J].环境科学导刊,2010,29(2):49-52.
[12]文传浩,秦方鹏,王钰莹,等.从库区管理到流域治理:三峡库区水环境管理的战略转变[J].西部论坛,2017,27(2):58-62.
[13] Enjun D,Deti X. Integrated technology system to control non-point pollution in the Three-Gorge Reservoir Areas, China[C]∥International Conference on Bioinformatics&Biomedical Engineering,2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE,2010:1-5.
[14] Huang Y L,Huang G H,Liu D F,et al. Simulation-based inexact chance-constrained nonlinear programming for eutrophication management in the Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,108(15):54-65.
[15] Xiong C J,Liu D F,Zheng B H,et al. The influence of hydrodynamic conditions on algal bloom in the Three Gorges Reservoir Tributaries[J]. Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013,295/298:1981-1990.
[16] Fu D L,Liu X A,Liu X B. Time and spatial changes of water quality in Wushan Area of Three Gorges Reservoir before and after170 meters pilot impounding[J]. Environmental Science Survey,2010,29(2):49-52.
[17]段学军,虞孝感,邹辉.长江经济带开发构想与发展态势[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(10):1621-1629.
[18]黄真理.三峡水库水环境保护研究及其进展[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(5):7-15.
[19]中国环境监测总站.长江三峡工程生态与环境监测公报[R].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护部,2010-2017.
[20] Carlson R E. A trophic state index for lakes[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,1977,22(2):361-369.
[21] Aizaki M. Application of modified Carson’s trophic state index to Japanese lakes and its relationships to other parameters related to trophic state[J]. Research Report of National Institute of Environmental Study,1981,(23):13-31.
[22]金相灿.中国湖泊富营养化[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:134.
[23]蒙万轮,钟成华,邓春光,等.三峡库区蓄水后支流回水段富营养化研究[J].环境科学导刊,2005,24(增刊2):93-95.
[24]王娟,胡正峰,张磊,等.三峡库区支流澎溪河回水区水质调查与评价[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(7):67-74.
[25]左新宇,兰峰,杜小兵,等.三峡库区小江富营养化现状及防治建议[J].水利水电快报,2016,37(11):12-16.
[26]张晟,李崇明,付永川,等.三峡水库成库后支流库湾营养状态及营养盐输出[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):7-12.
[27]邱光胜,胡圣,叶丹,等.三峡库区支流富营养化及水华现状研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(3):311-316.
[28]向迎春,张丽莹,刘贵强,等.三峡水库万州段支流回水区富营养化时空分布研究[J].重庆三峡学院学报,2014(3):4-9.
[29]刘玉洁,尹真真.三峡水库支流回水区富营养化时空分布特征[J].环境保护科学,2014,40(2):30-34.
[30]杜富芝,傅瓦利,杜小红,等.基于BP神经网络的三峡库区小流域水质评价[J].节水灌溉,2009(1):8-10.
[31]张平,黄钰铃,陈媛媛,等.模糊数学在香溪河库湾富营养化评价中的应用[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(6):178-184.
[32]封丽,张学睿,封雷,等.基于粗糙集的三峡库区支流水质富营养化模糊综合评价模型研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(12):105-110.
[33]范敏,石为人.基于PRM的水体富营养化风险分析建模[J].计算机工程,2010,36(24):261-263.
[34]尹真真.三峡库区支流富营养化趋势类比预测模型研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(12):6-9.
[35]肖鸣,李卫明,刘德富,等.基于多重优化灰色模型的三峡库区香溪河支流回水区水华变化趋势预测研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):1153-1161.
[36]朱孔贤,郑玥,王家生,等.基于藻类功能类群的Q指数法在水生态评价中的应用[C]∥中国水利学会2016学术年会.成都,2016:219-223.
[37]彭福利,何立环,于洋,等.三峡库区长江干流及主要支流氮磷叶绿素变化趋势研究[J].中国科学(技术科学),2017,47(8):845-855.
[38] Tang M J,Jiang D G,Luo X B,et al. Hydraulic characteristic analysis of Three Gorges Reservoir Xiangxi Bay[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2013,726/731:3413-3418.
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