摘要
土地资源作为自然资源,总量有限、位置固定,区域资源禀赋差异巨大,而人类对土地利用的需求却不断变化与膨胀,这决定了人类历史就是对土地问题的探索与破解的历史。该文通过梳理人类不同时期探索与破解土地问题的历史脉络,认为任何时代的土地制度变革与技术创新,都是为解决当时存在的问题而采取的应对措施,并在长期探索与研究过程中逐步形成了地籍理论、土地经济理论、土地可持续利用理论及一系列工程技术体系,这构成了土地科学领域的基础理论。未来人类社会发展更加迅猛,土地问题将更加严峻而尖锐,必须通过加强土地学科建设实施系统的高水平人才培养和科技创新予以支撑。
As a natural resource, land resources are scarce in total amount and fixed in location with big interregional differences. However, human demand for land use is constantly evolving and inflating, which determines that human history is the history of exploring and solving land problems. In view of this, we sorted out the historical context of human-land interaction in different periods of human beings, which indicated that the land system reform and technological innovation in any era were the measures taken to solve the existing problems at that time. With the process of long-term exploration and research, cadastral theory, land economic theory, sustainable land use theory and a series of engineering technology system have been gradually formed, constituting the basic theory of land science. In the future, the sustainable land use will severely suffer from the rapid development of human society without strengthening high-level talents cultivation and the scientific and technological innovation in the implementation system of land discipline construction.
引文
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