芘污染土壤的根瘤菌-植物修复效应研究
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摘要
土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染已经成为了全球性的热点问题,微生物-植物联合修复技术是解决土壤有机污染的一种低耗高效的新型修复技术。以往作为目标污染物,绿豆根瘤菌(Rhizobium leguminosarum),紫花苜宿根瘤菌(Rhizobium meliloti)为供试微生物,选用绿豆(Vigna radiata L.)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.),黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)作为修复植物。采用盆栽实验,研究在100 mg·kg-1污染条件下,接种根瘤菌对植物修复法污染土壤效果的影响。结果表明:培养60d后,4种植物均提高了芘污染土壤的pH,并提高了土壤脱氢酶的活性,其中种植绿豆的效果最好,其次为花生。此外,4种植物均提高了土壤中芘的去除率,提高幅度依次为绿豆(33.70%)>花生(21.63%)>黑麦草(10.55%)>苜蓿(7.72%)。接种根瘤菌后发现,绿豆和花生根瘤数显著高于对照组,苜蓿与根瘤菌没有结合,而黑麦草则不和根瘤菌共生。根瘤菌对土壤中pH有一定的提高作用,但效果不显著。此外,根瘤菌提高了绿豆、花生和紫花苜蓿的生物量以及绿豆和花生处理组土壤的脱氢酶活性。并提高了绿豆和花生对土壤中芘的去除率,分别为4.10%和2.02%。研究表明:种植绿豆对土壤芘的去除率最高(94.63%),根瘤菌能与其根系结合良好,强化了绿豆修复芘污染土壤的能力,结果可为微生物-植物修复芘污染土壤提供新的参考。
The issue of PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon)contamination has raised global concern.It is an effective way to solve this problem by using microbial-plant remediation technology,which has the characters of low cost.In this study,pyrene was chosen as the target pollutant.Mung bean,peanut,alfalfa and ryegrass were inoculated with rhizobium,respectively,to investigate effect of rhizobium on phytoremediation in pyrene contaminated soil by conducting a pot experiment.The results suggested that these four plants could improve soil pH and increase dehydrogenase activity in contaminated soil,and best results was obtained in mung bean treatment.Moreover,higher pyrene degradation rate could be observed in the presence of plants,and followed the order of mung bean>peanut>ryegrass>alfalfa.After inoculating rhizobium,more root nodules can be observed in mung bean and peanut treatments when compared with that in the non-inoculated group,while alfalfa and ryegrass were not successfully inoculated with rhizobium.In addition,rhizobium improved soil pH,but the change was not significant.Further,rhizobium increased biomass in mung bean,peanut and alfalfa.Meanwhile,rhizobium also increased soil dehydrogenase activity in mung bean and peanut treatments.Finally,rhizobium improved soil pyrene degradation rates by 4.10% and 2.02% in mung bean and peanut treatments,respectively.This study revealed that mung bean can remove pyrene efficiently with highest degradation rate of 94.63%,and inoculating rhizobium strengthened the degradation rate.The results can provide a new reference for microorganism-plant remediation of pyrene contaminated soil.
The issue of PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon)contamination has raised global concern.It is an effective way to solve this problem by using microbial-plant remediation technology,which has the characters of low cost.In this study,pyrene was chosen as the target pollutant.Mung bean,peanut,alfalfa and ryegrass were inoculated with rhizobium,respectively,to investigate effect of rhizobium on phytoremediation in pyrene contaminated soil by conducting a pot experiment.The results suggested that these four plants could improve soil pH and increase dehydrogenase activity in contaminated soil,and best results was obtained in mung bean treatment.Moreover,higher pyrene degradation rate could be observed in the presence of plants,and followed the order of mung bean>peanut>ryegrass>alfalfa.After inoculating rhizobium,more root nodules can be observed in mung bean and peanut treatments when compared with that in the non-inoculated group,while alfalfa and ryegrass were not successfully inoculated with rhizobium.In addition,rhizobium improved soil pH,but the change was not significant.Further,rhizobium increased biomass in mung bean,peanut and alfalfa.Meanwhile,rhizobium also increased soil dehydrogenase activity in mung bean and peanut treatments.Finally,rhizobium improved soil pyrene degradation rates by 4.10% and 2.02% in mung bean and peanut treatments,respectively.This study revealed that mung bean can remove pyrene efficiently with highest degradation rate of 94.63%,and inoculating rhizobium strengthened the degradation rate.The results can provide a new reference for microorganism-plant remediation of pyrene contaminated soil.
引文
ADELEYE A O,JIN H Y,DI Y N,et al.,2016.Distribution and ecological risk of organic pollutants in the sediments and seafood of Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay,East China Sea[J].Science of the Total Environment,541:1540-1548.
CHANG B V,CHANG I T,YUAN S Y,2008.Anaerobic degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in mangrove sediment[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,80(2):145-149.
GAO Y Z,ZHU L Z,2004.Plant uptake,accumulation and translocation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils[J].Chemosphere,55(9):1169-1178.
HAWLICZEK A,NOTA B,CENIJN P,et al.,2012.Developmental toxicity and endocrine disrupting potency of 4-azapyrene,benzo[b]fluorene and retene in the zebrafish Danio rerio[J].Reproductive Toxicology,33(2):213-223.
KUPPUSAMY S,THAVAMANI P,VENKATESWARLU K,et al.,2017.Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contaminated soils:Technological constraints,emerging trends and f'uture directions[J].Chemosphere,168:944-968.
MAHANTY B,PAKSHIRAJAN K,DASU V V,2010.Batch biodegradation of PAHs in mixture by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense:analysis of main and interaction effects[J].Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,12(4):441-447.
MASTO R,RAM L,SHANDILYA P,et al.,2011.Selection of bioindicators in coal-contaminated soils of Dhanbad,India[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,64(4):1107-1115.
PETROVA S,REZEK J,SOUDEK P,et al.,2017.Preliminary study of phytoremediation of brownfield soil contaminated by PAHs[J].Science of The Total Environment,599-600:572-580.
REN C G,KONG C C,BIAN B,et al.,2017.Enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs by arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,19(9):789-797.
SHI E,GUO Y J,NING G H,et al.,2018.Remediation of soil polluted with HMW-PAHs by alfalfa or brome in combination with fungi and starch[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,360(15):115-121.
SOMTRAKOON K,CHOUYCHAI W,LEE H,2014.Comparing anthracene and fluorene degradation in anthracene and fluorenecontaminated soil by single and mixed plant cultivation[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,16(4):415-428.
SUN T R,CANG L,WANG Q Y,et al.,2010.Roles of abiotic losses,microbes,plant roots,and root exudates on phytoremediation of PAHs in a barren soil[J].Journal of hazardous materials,176(1):919-925.TEJEDA-AGREDANO M C,GALLEGO S,VILA J,et al.,2013.Influence of the sunflower rhizosphere on the biodegradation of PAHs in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,57(3):830-840.
TRIPATHI P,SINGH P C,MISHRA A,et al.,2013.Trichoderma:a potential bioremediator for environmental clean up[J].Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,15(4):541-550.
WISE S A,SANDER L C,SCHANTZ M M,2015.Analytical methods fordetermination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs):a historical perspective on the 16 U.S.EPA priority pollutant PAHs[J].Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds,35(2-4):187-247.
YAN F,SCHUBERT S,2000.Soil pH changes after application of plant shoot materials of faba bean and wheat[J].Plant and Soil,220(1-2):279-287.
ZAFRA G,CORTES-ESPINOSA D V,2015.Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Trichoderma species:a mini review[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(24):19426-19433.
ZHANG Y,GUAN Y D,SHI Q,2015.Simulating the dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)in contaminated soil through composting by COP-Compost model[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(4):3004-3012.
鲍士旦,2008.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社.BAO S D,2008.Soil agrochemical analysis[M].Beijing:China agriculture press.
戴青松,韩锡荣,黄浩,等.,2014.根际微生物对土壤有帆机物修复现状和发展[J].环境科技,27(1):32-35.DAI Q S,HAN X R,HUANG H,et al.,2014.Bioremediation status quo and development of organic pollutants by using rhizosphere microorganisms[J].Environmental Science and Technology,27(1):32-35.
董洪梅,万大娟.,2011.有机氯农药污染土壤的植物修复机理研究进展[J].现代农药,10(6):7-9,14.DONG H M,WAN D J,2011.Mechanism on phytoremediation of contaminated soil with organochlorine pesticides[J].ModernAgrochemicals,10(6):7-9,14.
范淑秀,李培军,巩宗强,等,2007.苜蓿对多环芳烃菲污染土壤的修复作用研究[J].环境科学,28(9):2080-2084.FAN S X,LI P J,GONG Z Q,et al.,2007.Study on phytoremediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil with alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)[J].Environmental Science,28(9):2080-2084.
宫璇,李培军,张海荣,等,2004.土壤的芘污染与-土壤酶活性[J].生态与农村环境学报,20(3):53-55.GONG X,LI P J,ZHANG H R,et al.,2004.Pyrene contamination and soil enzyme activity[J].Rural Eco-Environment,20(3):53-55.
蔺蕊,蒋平安,周抑强,等,2004.苜蓿土壤氮磷钾丰缺指标初步研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,27(1):23-28.LIN R,JIANG P A,ZHOU Y Q,et al.,2004.Preliminary study on abundance and deficiency index of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for the alfalfa soil[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,27(1):23-28.
刘世亮,骆永明,丁克强,等,2007.黑麦草对苯并[a]芘污染土壤的根际修复及其酶学机理研究[J].农业环境科学学报,26(2):526-532.LIU S L,LUO Y M,DING K Q,et al.,2007.Rhizosphere remediation and its mechanism of benzo[a]pyrene-contaminated soil by growing ryegrass[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,26(2):526-532.
潘声旺,魏世强,袁馨,等,2009.油菜-紫花苜蓿混种对土壤中菲、芘的修复作用[J].中国农业科学,42(2):561-568.PAN S W,WEI S Q,YUAN X,et al.,2009.Mechanisms of the removal and remediation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil with mixed cropping of alfalfa and rape[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,42(2):561-568.
沈源源,2010.多环芳烃污染土壤的植物-微生物联合修复效应[D].南京:南京农业大学.SHEN Y Y,2010.Combined remediation effect of plant with microorganisms in PAHs-contaminated soils[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University.
沈源源,滕应,骆永明,等,2011.几种豆科、禾本科植物对多环芳烃复合污染土壤的修复[J].土壤,43(2):253-257.SHEN Y Y,TENG Y,LUO Y M,et al.,2011.Remediation efficiency of several legumes and grasses in PAH-contaminated soils[J].Soil43(2):253-257.
宋玉芳,区自清,孙铁衍,1995.土壤,植物样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)分析方法研究[J].应用生态学报,6(1):92-96.SONG Y F,OU Z Q,SUN T H,1995.Analytical method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in soil and plant samples[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,6(1):92-96.
姚伦芳,滕应,刘方,等,2014.多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物-紫花苜蓿联合修复效应[J].生态环境学报,23(5):890-896.YAO L F,TENG Y,LIU F,et al.,2014.Influence of Trichoderma reesei and Rhizobium meliloti on phytoremediation of PAHcontaminated soil by alfalfa[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23(5):890-896.
张慧,党志,易筱筠,等,2010.玉米修复芘污染土壤的初步研究[J].环境化学,29(1):29-34.ZHANG H,DANG Z,YI X J,et al.,2010.Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with pyrene by maize CT38(Zea mays L.)[J].Environmental Chemistry,29(1):29-34.
张娟,刘燕,2016.植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,39(6):110-116.ZHANG J,LIU Y,2016.Research of phytoremediation on contaminated soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Environmental Science and Technology,39(6):110-116.
CHANG B V,CHANG I T,YUAN S Y,2008.Anaerobic degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in mangrove sediment[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,80(2):145-149.
GAO Y Z,ZHU L Z,2004.Plant uptake,accumulation and translocation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils[J].Chemosphere,55(9):1169-1178.
HAWLICZEK A,NOTA B,CENIJN P,et al.,2012.Developmental toxicity and endocrine disrupting potency of 4-azapyrene,benzo[b]fluorene and retene in the zebrafish Danio rerio[J].Reproductive Toxicology,33(2):213-223.
KUPPUSAMY S,THAVAMANI P,VENKATESWARLU K,et al.,2017.Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contaminated soils:Technological constraints,emerging trends and f'uture directions[J].Chemosphere,168:944-968.
MAHANTY B,PAKSHIRAJAN K,DASU V V,2010.Batch biodegradation of PAHs in mixture by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense:analysis of main and interaction effects[J].Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,12(4):441-447.
MASTO R,RAM L,SHANDILYA P,et al.,2011.Selection of bioindicators in coal-contaminated soils of Dhanbad,India[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,64(4):1107-1115.
PETROVA S,REZEK J,SOUDEK P,et al.,2017.Preliminary study of phytoremediation of brownfield soil contaminated by PAHs[J].Science of The Total Environment,599-600:572-580.
REN C G,KONG C C,BIAN B,et al.,2017.Enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs by arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,19(9):789-797.
SHI E,GUO Y J,NING G H,et al.,2018.Remediation of soil polluted with HMW-PAHs by alfalfa or brome in combination with fungi and starch[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,360(15):115-121.
SOMTRAKOON K,CHOUYCHAI W,LEE H,2014.Comparing anthracene and fluorene degradation in anthracene and fluorenecontaminated soil by single and mixed plant cultivation[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,16(4):415-428.
SUN T R,CANG L,WANG Q Y,et al.,2010.Roles of abiotic losses,microbes,plant roots,and root exudates on phytoremediation of PAHs in a barren soil[J].Journal of hazardous materials,176(1):919-925.TEJEDA-AGREDANO M C,GALLEGO S,VILA J,et al.,2013.Influence of the sunflower rhizosphere on the biodegradation of PAHs in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,57(3):830-840.
TRIPATHI P,SINGH P C,MISHRA A,et al.,2013.Trichoderma:a potential bioremediator for environmental clean up[J].Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,15(4):541-550.
WISE S A,SANDER L C,SCHANTZ M M,2015.Analytical methods fordetermination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs):a historical perspective on the 16 U.S.EPA priority pollutant PAHs[J].Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds,35(2-4):187-247.
YAN F,SCHUBERT S,2000.Soil pH changes after application of plant shoot materials of faba bean and wheat[J].Plant and Soil,220(1-2):279-287.
ZAFRA G,CORTES-ESPINOSA D V,2015.Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Trichoderma species:a mini review[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(24):19426-19433.
ZHANG Y,GUAN Y D,SHI Q,2015.Simulating the dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)in contaminated soil through composting by COP-Compost model[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(4):3004-3012.
鲍士旦,2008.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社.BAO S D,2008.Soil agrochemical analysis[M].Beijing:China agriculture press.
戴青松,韩锡荣,黄浩,等.,2014.根际微生物对土壤有帆机物修复现状和发展[J].环境科技,27(1):32-35.DAI Q S,HAN X R,HUANG H,et al.,2014.Bioremediation status quo and development of organic pollutants by using rhizosphere microorganisms[J].Environmental Science and Technology,27(1):32-35.
董洪梅,万大娟.,2011.有机氯农药污染土壤的植物修复机理研究进展[J].现代农药,10(6):7-9,14.DONG H M,WAN D J,2011.Mechanism on phytoremediation of contaminated soil with organochlorine pesticides[J].ModernAgrochemicals,10(6):7-9,14.
范淑秀,李培军,巩宗强,等,2007.苜蓿对多环芳烃菲污染土壤的修复作用研究[J].环境科学,28(9):2080-2084.FAN S X,LI P J,GONG Z Q,et al.,2007.Study on phytoremediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil with alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)[J].Environmental Science,28(9):2080-2084.
宫璇,李培军,张海荣,等,2004.土壤的芘污染与-土壤酶活性[J].生态与农村环境学报,20(3):53-55.GONG X,LI P J,ZHANG H R,et al.,2004.Pyrene contamination and soil enzyme activity[J].Rural Eco-Environment,20(3):53-55.
蔺蕊,蒋平安,周抑强,等,2004.苜蓿土壤氮磷钾丰缺指标初步研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,27(1):23-28.LIN R,JIANG P A,ZHOU Y Q,et al.,2004.Preliminary study on abundance and deficiency index of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for the alfalfa soil[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,27(1):23-28.
刘世亮,骆永明,丁克强,等,2007.黑麦草对苯并[a]芘污染土壤的根际修复及其酶学机理研究[J].农业环境科学学报,26(2):526-532.LIU S L,LUO Y M,DING K Q,et al.,2007.Rhizosphere remediation and its mechanism of benzo[a]pyrene-contaminated soil by growing ryegrass[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,26(2):526-532.
潘声旺,魏世强,袁馨,等,2009.油菜-紫花苜蓿混种对土壤中菲、芘的修复作用[J].中国农业科学,42(2):561-568.PAN S W,WEI S Q,YUAN X,et al.,2009.Mechanisms of the removal and remediation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil with mixed cropping of alfalfa and rape[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,42(2):561-568.
沈源源,2010.多环芳烃污染土壤的植物-微生物联合修复效应[D].南京:南京农业大学.SHEN Y Y,2010.Combined remediation effect of plant with microorganisms in PAHs-contaminated soils[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University.
沈源源,滕应,骆永明,等,2011.几种豆科、禾本科植物对多环芳烃复合污染土壤的修复[J].土壤,43(2):253-257.SHEN Y Y,TENG Y,LUO Y M,et al.,2011.Remediation efficiency of several legumes and grasses in PAH-contaminated soils[J].Soil43(2):253-257.
宋玉芳,区自清,孙铁衍,1995.土壤,植物样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)分析方法研究[J].应用生态学报,6(1):92-96.SONG Y F,OU Z Q,SUN T H,1995.Analytical method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in soil and plant samples[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,6(1):92-96.
姚伦芳,滕应,刘方,等,2014.多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物-紫花苜蓿联合修复效应[J].生态环境学报,23(5):890-896.YAO L F,TENG Y,LIU F,et al.,2014.Influence of Trichoderma reesei and Rhizobium meliloti on phytoremediation of PAHcontaminated soil by alfalfa[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23(5):890-896.
张慧,党志,易筱筠,等,2010.玉米修复芘污染土壤的初步研究[J].环境化学,29(1):29-34.ZHANG H,DANG Z,YI X J,et al.,2010.Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with pyrene by maize CT38(Zea mays L.)[J].Environmental Chemistry,29(1):29-34.
张娟,刘燕,2016.植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,39(6):110-116.ZHANG J,LIU Y,2016.Research of phytoremediation on contaminated soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Environmental Science and Technology,39(6):110-116.
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