北京市灵山侵蚀沟道治理与近自然修复效果研究
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摘要
以灵山亚高山草甸植被保护为目的,按照"源头修复—中段防治—末端控制"的思想,采取传统工程、土壤生物工程、植物措施相结合的方式,对灵山高山地区侵蚀沟道进行治理,建立起一套较为完整的亚高山草甸侵蚀沟道近自然修复体系,研究了其水土保持效果和人工促进下草甸群落恢复的动态变化特征。研究结果表明:该体系能有效控制侵蚀沟道溯源侵蚀发展速率,减弱横向和纵向扩张规模,2016年研究区土壤侵蚀模数为647 t/(km~2·a),与治理前相比降低了71.8%,达到了北京市水土流失控制要求。经过3年的治理,侵蚀沟道内物种数量呈上升趋势,由2014年的19种增加到了2016年的27种,治理工程的实施有效促进了侵蚀沟道内植被数量的恢复,2015年开始植物群落结构逐渐清晰,并朝着正向演替的方向发展。
Taking aim at the vegetation protection of Lingshan Mountain subalpine meadow,according to the idea of"restoration at source,preventive treatment at middle,control at end"and using the combined method of traditional engineering,soil bioengineering and plant measures,it controlled the eroded gullies in Lingshan mountainous area,established a relatively complete near-natural restoration system for subalpine meadow eroded gullies and studied its effect of soil and water conservation and dynamic variation characteristics of meadow community restoration under the conditions of artificial promotion. The outcomes show that the system can effectively control the development rate of headward erosion of eroded gullies and weaken the expansion rate horizontally and longitudinally. The annual soil erosion modulus of the studied area was 647 t/( km2·a) in 2016,which had been reduced by 71.8% than that of before treatment,meeting the requirements on soil and water loss control of Beijing. After 3-year improving,the number of species of the eroded gullies shows an upward trend from 19 species in 2014 increased to 27 in 2016. The implementation of control engineering has effectively promoted the quantity recovery of vegetation of the eroded gullies. Since 2015,the structure of plant community has gradually cleared and developed towards the positive succession.
Taking aim at the vegetation protection of Lingshan Mountain subalpine meadow,according to the idea of"restoration at source,preventive treatment at middle,control at end"and using the combined method of traditional engineering,soil bioengineering and plant measures,it controlled the eroded gullies in Lingshan mountainous area,established a relatively complete near-natural restoration system for subalpine meadow eroded gullies and studied its effect of soil and water conservation and dynamic variation characteristics of meadow community restoration under the conditions of artificial promotion. The outcomes show that the system can effectively control the development rate of headward erosion of eroded gullies and weaken the expansion rate horizontally and longitudinally. The annual soil erosion modulus of the studied area was 647 t/( km2·a) in 2016,which had been reduced by 71.8% than that of before treatment,meeting the requirements on soil and water loss control of Beijing. After 3-year improving,the number of species of the eroded gullies shows an upward trend from 19 species in 2014 increased to 27 in 2016. The implementation of control engineering has effectively promoted the quantity recovery of vegetation of the eroded gullies. Since 2015,the structure of plant community has gradually cleared and developed towards the positive succession.
引文
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[2] 李薇,潘祺志,唐海萍.北京东灵山亚高山草甸旅游开发与保护研究[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(1):81-83.
[3] 向春玲,张金屯.东灵山亚高山草甸物种多样性变化及其影响因子[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(3):275-278.
[4] 高贤明,马克平,陈灵芝,等.旅游对北京东灵山亚高山草甸物种多样性影响的初步研究[J].生物多样性,2002,10(2):189-195.
[5] 唐晓芬,程婕,刘飞,等.北京东灵山景区水土流失防治措施探讨[J].中国水土保持,2016(8):24-26.
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