碳基薄膜在航空轴承乏油问题中的应用研究
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摘要
目的研究乏油工况下GLC和DLC两种碳膜在航空轴承上的应用。方法通过磁控溅射技术在单晶硅片P(100)、轴承钢样块和轴承套圈表面分别制备了GLC和DLC两种薄膜。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱对薄膜的截面和磨痕形貌及结构进行了分析。利用纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机等对薄膜的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了研究。利用轴承试验机对镀两种膜的轴承进行了对比研究。结果 GLC和DLC两种碳基薄膜均结构致密,GLC薄膜含有更多的sp2,DLC薄膜含有更多的sp3;两种薄膜硬度分别达到18.2 GPa和22.2 GPa,弹性模量分别达到230.2 GPa和260.8 GPa,干摩擦条件下,薄膜摩擦系数分别低至0.11和0.21。镀膜轴承在运转0～10 h时,温升无明显差异;10～30 h过程中,镀GLC薄膜轴承温升约为40～45℃,而镀DLC薄膜轴承温升约为50～55℃。运转后,轴承滚子上出现转移膜,镀GLC薄膜的轴承磨损比镀DLC薄膜的轴承严重。结论在乏油工况下,DLC薄膜具有更加优异的环境适应性。
The work aims to study the application of GLC and DLC carbon films in aeroengine bearing under oil starvation condition. GLC and DLC thin films were prepared on the surface of single crystal silicon P(100), bearing steel and bearing ring by magnetron sputtering technique. The cross-section, wear morphology and structure of the films were analyzed by SEM and Raman. The mechanical properties and tribological properties of the films were studied by nano-indentation instrument and friction and wear tester. The bearing test machine was used to compare these two film-coated bearings. The structure of the GLC and DLC films were both compact. The GLC films contained more sp2, but DLC films contained more sp3. The hardness and elastic modulus of the two films were up to 18.2 GPa, 22.2 GPa and 230.2 GPa, 260.8 GPa respectively. Under dry friction conditions, the friction coefficient was as low as 0.11 and 0.21, respectively. There was no significant difference in the temperature rise of the coated bearings between 0 to 10 h. The temperature rise of the GLC films bearing was about 40～45 ℃during 10～30 h, while the temperature rise of the DLC films bearing was about 50～55 ℃. The transfer film appeared on the bearing rollers and the bearing wear of GLC films was more serious than that of DLC films after the operation. The DLC films have better environmental adaptability under oil starvation condition.
The work aims to study the application of GLC and DLC carbon films in aeroengine bearing under oil starvation condition. GLC and DLC thin films were prepared on the surface of single crystal silicon P(100), bearing steel and bearing ring by magnetron sputtering technique. The cross-section, wear morphology and structure of the films were analyzed by SEM and Raman. The mechanical properties and tribological properties of the films were studied by nano-indentation instrument and friction and wear tester. The bearing test machine was used to compare these two film-coated bearings. The structure of the GLC and DLC films were both compact. The GLC films contained more sp2, but DLC films contained more sp3. The hardness and elastic modulus of the two films were up to 18.2 GPa, 22.2 GPa and 230.2 GPa, 260.8 GPa respectively. Under dry friction conditions, the friction coefficient was as low as 0.11 and 0.21, respectively. There was no significant difference in the temperature rise of the coated bearings between 0 to 10 h. The temperature rise of the GLC films bearing was about 40～45 ℃during 10～30 h, while the temperature rise of the DLC films bearing was about 50～55 ℃. The transfer film appeared on the bearing rollers and the bearing wear of GLC films was more serious than that of DLC films after the operation. The DLC films have better environmental adaptability under oil starvation condition.
引文
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[19] JIANG Jia-ren, ZHANG Sam, ARNELL R D. The effect of relative humidity on wear of a diamond-like carbon coatings[J]. Surface&coatings technology, 2003, 167:221-225.
[2]李博雅,曹志强.金属基固体自润滑复合涂层及其制备技术研究进展[J].表面技术, 2017, 46(9):32-38.LI Bo-ya, CAO Zhi-qiang. Metal-based solid self-lubricating composite coating and its preparation technology[J].Surface technology, 2017, 46(9):32-38.
[3]ERDEMIR A, DONNET C. Tribology of diamond-like carbon film:Recent progress and future prospects[J].Journal of physics D:Applied physics, 2006, 39:312-319.
[4]SCHARF T W, PRASAD S V. Solid lubricants:A review[J]. Journal of materials science, 2013, 48:511-531.
[5]ENKE K, DIMIGEN H, HUBSCH H. Frictional-properties of diamond-like carbon layer[J]. Applied physics letter,1980, 36:291-292.
[6]蔡建宾.磁控溅射非晶碳基薄膜的结构设计与机械性能[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2014.CAI Jian-bin. Microstructure design and properties of a-C based films by magnetron sputtering[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2014.
[7]TOPOLOVEC M K, LOCKWOOD F, SPIKES H. Behaviour of boundary lubricating additives on DLC coatings[J]. Wear, 2008, 265(11):1893.
[8]JACOB W, MOLLER W. On the structure of thin hydrocarbon films[J]. Applied physics letter, 1993, 36:1771-1773.
[9]王福,谢明玲,张广安,等.含硅无氢非晶碳基薄膜的摩擦磨损性能[J].中国表面工程, 2017, 30(1):93-100.WANG Fu, XIE Ming-ling, ZHANG Guang-an, et al.Friction and wear properties of Si-containing H-free amorphous carbon-based films[J]. China surface engineering,2017, 30(1):93-100.
[10] SWIATEK L, OLEJNIK A, GRABARCZYK J, et al.Multi-doped diamond like-carbon coatings(DLC-Si/Ag)for biomedical applications fabricated using the modified chemical vapour deposition method[J]. Diamond&related materials, 2016, 67:54-62.
[11] ROBERTSON J. Diamond-like amorphous carbon[J].Materials science and engineer R, 2002, 37(4-6):129-281.
[12] FERRARI A C, ROBERTSON J. Interpretation of raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon[J]. Physical review B, 2000, 61(20):14095-14107.
[13] CUI W G, LAI Q B, ZHANG L, et al. Quantitative measurements of sp3 content in DLC films with raman spectroscopy[J]. Surface&coatings technology, 2010,205(7):1995-1999.
[14]王永军,李红轩,吉利,等.非平衡磁控溅射制备类石墨碳膜及性能研究[J].物理学报, 2012, 61(5):056103.WANG Yong-jun, LI Hong-xuan, JI Li, et al. Preparation and properties of graphite-like carbon films fabricated by unbalanced magnetron sputtering[J]. Acta phys sin, 2012,61(5):056103.
[15]薛群基,王立平.类金刚石碳基薄膜材料[M].北京:科学出版社, 2012.XUE Qun-ji, WANG Li-ping. Diamond-like carbon-based film material[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2012.
[16] LI Hong-xuan, XU Tao, WANG Cheng-bing, et al. Friction-included physics and chemical interactions among diamond-like carbon film, steel ball and water and/or oxygen molecules[J]. Diamond and related materials, 2006,15:1228-1234.
[17] TILLMANN W, VOGLI E, HOFFMANN F. Wear-resistant and low-friction diamond-like-carbon(DLC)-layers for industrial tribological applications under humid conditions[J]. Surface&coatings technology, 2009, 204:1040-1045.
[18] DONNET C, LEMOGNE T, PONSONNET L, et al. The respective role of oxygen and water vapor on the tribology of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings[J]. Tribology letter, 1998(4):259-265.
[19] JIANG Jia-ren, ZHANG Sam, ARNELL R D. The effect of relative humidity on wear of a diamond-like carbon coatings[J]. Surface&coatings technology, 2003, 167:221-225.
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