炭化时间对南疆沙化土壤物理性质和水分特征的影响
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摘要
为了实现棉花秸秆资源的循环利用,以短绒棉棉花秸秆为原料,研究炭化时间对南疆沙化土壤物理性质和水分特征的影响,主要包括生物炭对土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、吸水性和保水性能的影响。结果表明生物炭降低了土壤容重和水分蒸发速率,增大了总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和吸水率,提高了土壤的保水性能。添加生物炭后的土壤容重较对照组降低了8.06%～10.95%,总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度分别增加了2.87%～7.73%和13.48%～31.95%。吸水性与保水性随炭化时间的变化趋势并不一致,但二者均在在3.5 h时最强,而1.5 h时最弱。这为棉花秸秆基生物炭改良南疆沙化土壤和棉花种植提供了理论数据。
In order to realize the recycling of cotton stalk resources,the effects of carbonization time on the physical properties of sandy soils in south Xinjiang were studied with cotton stalk as raw material,including the effects of biochar on soil bulk density,total porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity,water absorption and water retention. The results showed that biochar reduced soil bulk density and water evaporation rate,increased total porosity,capillary porosity and water absorption,and improved soil water retention performance. Compared with the control group,the soil bulk density was decreased by 8.06% to 10.95%,the total porosity and capillary porosity was increased by 2.87% to 7.73% and 13.48% to 31.95%,respectively. The variation trend of water absorption and water retention with carbonization time was not consistent,but both reached the strongest at 3.5 h and the weakest at 1.5 h. This study provides theoretical data for improving the sandy soil and cotton planting by cotton stalk based biochar in southern Xinjiang.
In order to realize the recycling of cotton stalk resources,the effects of carbonization time on the physical properties of sandy soils in south Xinjiang were studied with cotton stalk as raw material,including the effects of biochar on soil bulk density,total porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity,water absorption and water retention. The results showed that biochar reduced soil bulk density and water evaporation rate,increased total porosity,capillary porosity and water absorption,and improved soil water retention performance. Compared with the control group,the soil bulk density was decreased by 8.06% to 10.95%,the total porosity and capillary porosity was increased by 2.87% to 7.73% and 13.48% to 31.95%,respectively. The variation trend of water absorption and water retention with carbonization time was not consistent,but both reached the strongest at 3.5 h and the weakest at 1.5 h. This study provides theoretical data for improving the sandy soil and cotton planting by cotton stalk based biochar in southern Xinjiang.
引文
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[7]孙宁川,唐光木,刘会芳,等.生物炭对风沙土理化性质及玉米生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(2):209-214.
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[13]高海英,何绪生,耿增超,等.生物炭及炭基氮肥对土壤持水性能影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(24):207-213.
[14] Karhu K,Mattil A T,Bergstrom I,et al.Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH uptake and water holding capacity-results from a short-term pilot field study[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2011(14):309-313.
[15] Novak J,Busscher W,Watts W,et al.Biochar impact on soil-moisture storage in an Ultisol and two aridisols[J]. Soil Science,2012,177(5):310-320.
[16]孙爱华,华信,叶晓思,等.施加生物炭对节水灌溉水稻生长特征及产量影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(6):6-9.
[17]许健,牛文全,李元,等.生物炭对微润灌土壤水分运动的影响[J].节水灌溉,2015(12):64-68.
[18]张新学,张国辉,郭鑫年,等.生物炭对宁南山区不同质地土壤水分保蓄能力的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016(19):183-184.
[19]肖茜,张洪培,沈玉芳,等.生物炭对黄土区土壤水分入渗、蒸发及硝态氮淋溶的影响[J].农业工程学报,31(16):128-134.
[20]张妙,李秧秧,白岗栓.生物炭和PAM共施对黄绵土水分入渗和蒸发的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(5):124-130.
[21]肖亚楠,杨士红,刘晓静,等.生物炭施用对节水灌溉稻田甲烷排放的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(10):52-55.
[22]王红兰,唐翔宇,张维,等.施用生物炭对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤水力学性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):107-112.
[23]颜永毫,郑纪勇,张兴昌,等.生物炭添加对黄土高原典型土壤田间持水量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):120-124.
[24]孔德国,周岭,李坷,等.炭化时间对长、短绒棉基生物炭性能的影响[J].可再生能源,2017,35(10):1 431-1 436.
[2]左旭,毕于运,王红彦,等.中国棉秆资源量估算及其自然适宜性评价[J],中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(6):159-166.
[3] Li W,Xue H L,Wang J L,et al.Construction of acomposite microbial system with high efficient cotton stalk degradation and its degradation characteristics[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2009,46(1):72-77.
[4] Wang L,Feng H Z,Gong M F,et al.Effect of various tillage measures on cotton verticillium wilt in drip irrigation cotton field under film[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(5):31-36.
[5] Bruun E W,Petersen C T,Hansen E,et al. Biochar amendment to coarse sandy subsoil improves root growth and increases waterretention[J].Soil Use and Management,2014,30(1):109-118.
[6] Chen J H,Sun X,Zheng J F,et al. Biochar amendment changes temperature sensitivity of soil respiration and composition of microbial communities 3 years after incorporation in an organic carbonpoor dry cropland soil[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2018,54(2):175-188.
[7]孙宁川,唐光木,刘会芳,等.生物炭对风沙土理化性质及玉米生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(2):209-214.
[8] Laird D A,Fleming P,Davis D D,et al. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma,2010,158(3):443-449.
[9] Githinji L.Effect of biochar application rate on soil physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam[J]. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2014,60(4):457-470.
[10]潘金华,庄舜尧,曹志洪,等.生物炭添加对皖南旱地土壤物理性质及水分特征的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):320-326.
[11] Tammeorg P,Simojoki A,MkelP,et al.Short-term effects of biochar on soil properties and wheat yield formation with meat bone meal and inorganic fertiliser on a boreal loamy sand[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,191:108-116.
[12]解倩,王丽梅,齐瑞鹏,等.生物炭对黄绵土水分入渗和持水性能的影响[J].地球环境学报,2016,7(1):65-76.
[13]高海英,何绪生,耿增超,等.生物炭及炭基氮肥对土壤持水性能影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(24):207-213.
[14] Karhu K,Mattil A T,Bergstrom I,et al.Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH uptake and water holding capacity-results from a short-term pilot field study[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2011(14):309-313.
[15] Novak J,Busscher W,Watts W,et al.Biochar impact on soil-moisture storage in an Ultisol and two aridisols[J]. Soil Science,2012,177(5):310-320.
[16]孙爱华,华信,叶晓思,等.施加生物炭对节水灌溉水稻生长特征及产量影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(6):6-9.
[17]许健,牛文全,李元,等.生物炭对微润灌土壤水分运动的影响[J].节水灌溉,2015(12):64-68.
[18]张新学,张国辉,郭鑫年,等.生物炭对宁南山区不同质地土壤水分保蓄能力的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016(19):183-184.
[19]肖茜,张洪培,沈玉芳,等.生物炭对黄土区土壤水分入渗、蒸发及硝态氮淋溶的影响[J].农业工程学报,31(16):128-134.
[20]张妙,李秧秧,白岗栓.生物炭和PAM共施对黄绵土水分入渗和蒸发的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(5):124-130.
[21]肖亚楠,杨士红,刘晓静,等.生物炭施用对节水灌溉稻田甲烷排放的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(10):52-55.
[22]王红兰,唐翔宇,张维,等.施用生物炭对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤水力学性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):107-112.
[23]颜永毫,郑纪勇,张兴昌,等.生物炭添加对黄土高原典型土壤田间持水量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):120-124.
[24]孔德国,周岭,李坷,等.炭化时间对长、短绒棉基生物炭性能的影响[J].可再生能源,2017,35(10):1 431-1 436.
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