活性污泥物理结构对呼吸过程的影响
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摘要
物理性能和生物活性是活性污泥法中两个重要的关注方面,为解决运行控制中这两方面的矛盾,对不同活性污泥系统中的污泥物理结构和呼吸过程进行分析.利用7个不同活性污泥系统中的污泥,对其粒径、分形维数、压缩沉降性能、吸附性能和呼吸图谱等方面进行研究分析.结果表明,物理性能指标和呼吸速率之间存在较好的相关关系,其中污泥粒径(d)与内源比呼吸速率(SOUR_e)和最大比呼吸速率(SOUR_t)呈指数负相关(R~2>0.9);分形维数(D_f)与SOUR_e和SOUR_t呈线性负相关(R~2>0.8);压缩指数(SCI)和污泥指数(SVI)与SOUR~2_e呈对数正相关(R>0.9);平衡吸附量(Q_(max))与准内源比呼吸速率(SOUR_q)和SOUR_e呈线性负相关(R~2>0.9).从而得出活性污泥正常运行条件下的最佳物理性能和活性范围:SVI为50～120 mL·g~(-1),SOUR_e为6.27～7.55 mg·(g·h)~(-1),d为205.80～228.12μm,D_f为1.56～1.60,R_(n/t)为0.02～0.03,Q_(max)为508～636 mg·g~(-1).
Physical properties and bioactivity are two important aspects of the activated sludge process.To solve the contradiction between these two aspects in the operation control process,the physical structure and respiration processes of sludge in different activated sludge systems were analyzed.Sludge from seven different activated sludge systems was used for the experiments,and the particle size,microscopic morphology,fractal dimension,compression settling performance,adsorption performance,and respirogram were studied and analyzed.The results showed that the correlations between physical performance indicators and respiration rate were very good.Sludge particle size(d) was negatively correlated with the endogenous specific respiration rate(SOUR_e) and maximum specific respiration rate(SOUR_t)(R~2>0.9);fractal dimension(D_f) was linearly and negatively correlated with SOUR_e and SOUR_t(R~2>0.8);sludge compression index(SCI) and sludge volume index(SVI) were positively correlated with SOUR_e(R~2>0.9);equilibrium adsorption(Q_(max)) was linearly and negatively correlated with the quasi-endogenous specific respiration rate(SOUR_q) and SOUR_e(R~2>0.9).In addition,the optimal physical properties and bioactivity range of activated sludge under normal operating conditions were obtained as follows:SVI of 50-120 mL·g~(-1),SOUR_e of 6.27-7.55 mg·(g·h)~(-1),d of 205.80-228.12μm,D_f of1.56-1.60,R_(n/t) of 0.02-0.03,and Q_(max) of 508-636 mg·g~(-1).
Physical properties and bioactivity are two important aspects of the activated sludge process.To solve the contradiction between these two aspects in the operation control process,the physical structure and respiration processes of sludge in different activated sludge systems were analyzed.Sludge from seven different activated sludge systems was used for the experiments,and the particle size,microscopic morphology,fractal dimension,compression settling performance,adsorption performance,and respirogram were studied and analyzed.The results showed that the correlations between physical performance indicators and respiration rate were very good.Sludge particle size(d) was negatively correlated with the endogenous specific respiration rate(SOUR_e) and maximum specific respiration rate(SOUR_t)(R~2>0.9);fractal dimension(D_f) was linearly and negatively correlated with SOUR_e and SOUR_t(R~2>0.8);sludge compression index(SCI) and sludge volume index(SVI) were positively correlated with SOUR_e(R~2>0.9);equilibrium adsorption(Q_(max)) was linearly and negatively correlated with the quasi-endogenous specific respiration rate(SOUR_q) and SOUR_e(R~2>0.9).In addition,the optimal physical properties and bioactivity range of activated sludge under normal operating conditions were obtained as follows:SVI of 50-120 mL·g~(-1),SOUR_e of 6.27-7.55 mg·(g·h)~(-1),d of 205.80-228.12μm,D_f of1.56-1.60,R_(n/t) of 0.02-0.03,and Q_(max) of 508-636 mg·g~(-1).
引文
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[13] Zheng H L,Zhu G C,Jiang S J,et al. Investigations of coagulation-flocculation process by performance optimization,model prediction and fractal structure of flocs[J]. Desalination,2011,269(1-3):148-156.
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[28]李志华,白旭丽,张芹,等.基于呼吸图谱的自养菌与异养菌内源呼吸过程分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3492-3497.Li Z H,Bai X L,Zhang Q,et al. Endogenous respiration process analysis of heterotrophic biomass and autotrophic biomass based on respiration map[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(9):3492-3497.
[29]李志华,朱珂辰.以比耗氧速率作为丝状菌膨胀预警指标的研究[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(11):39-42.Li Z H,Zhu K C. Using specific oxygen uptake rate as a warning index of sludge bulking[J]. China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(11):39-42.
[30] Hartley K J. Controlling sludge settleability in the oxidation ditch process[J]. Water Research,2008,42(6-7):1459-1466.
[31]陈瑶,徐愿坚,陈玉成,等.自养、异养和混合营养污泥沉降性能差异原因探讨[J].化工进展,2015,34(5):1466-1471,1498.Chen Y,Xu Y J,Chen Y C,et al. Investigation of the reasons for settleability differences among autotrophic,heterotrophic and mixed nutritional sludges[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015,34(5):1466-1471,1498.
[32] Ren Y X,Nakano K,Nomura M,et al. A thermodynamic analysis on adsorption of estrogens in activated sludge process[J]. Water Research,2007,41(11):2341-2348.
[33]柴波.水质冲击条件下的污泥呼吸图谱特性分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.Chai B. Analysis of sludge respiration under shock condition of water quality[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2015.
[2]陈立爱,侯红勋,陈金兰.二沉池污泥沉降特征参数探讨及泥位动态仿真[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(7):135-140.Chen L A,Hou H X,Chen J L. Parameterizations of sludge settle ability and dynamic simulation of sludge blanket level for secondary clarifier[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(7):135-140.
[3]刘垚.微丝菌型活性污泥膨胀的影响因素与调控方法研究[D].北京:清华大学,2016.Liu Y. Study on the influence factors and control strategies for activated sludge bulking by Microthrix parvicella[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University,2016.
[4] Sears K,Alleman J E,Barnard J L,et al. Density and activity characterization of activated sludge flocs[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,132(10):1235-1242.
[5] Bernard S,Gray N F. Aerobic digestion of pharmaceutical and domestic wastewater sludges at ambient temperature[J]. Water Research,2000,34(3):725-734.
[6] Wang L H. Use of short SRT biological processes to recover energy and phosphorus from municipal wastewater[D]. Guelph:University of Guelph,2014.
[7] Ku'snierz M,Wiercik P. Analysis of particle size and fractal dimensions of suspensions contained in raw sewage, treated sewage and activated sludge[J]. Archives of Environmental Protection,2016,42(3):67-76.
[8]李振亮,张代钧,卢培利,等.活性污泥絮体粒径分布与分形维数的影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):3975-3980.Li Z L,Zhang D J,Lu P L,et al. Influencing factors of floc size distribution and fractal dimension of activated sludge[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(10):3975-3980.
[9] Zhang X C,Li X R,Zhang Q R,et al. New insight into the biological treatment by activated sludge:the role of adsorption process[J]. Bioresource Technology,2014,153:160-164.
[10] Martínez-AlcaláI,Guillén-Navarro J M,Fernández-López C.Pharmaceutical biological degradation,sorption and mass balance determination in a conventional activated-sludge wastewater treatment plant from Murcia,Spain[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,316:332-340.
[11] Li Z H,Zhu Y M,Zhang J,et al. Evaluation of robustness of activated sludge using calcium-induced enhancement of respiration[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,253:55-63.
[12] Li Z H,Ma Z B,Yu H Q,et al. Respiration adaptation of activated sludge under dissolved oxygen and hypochlorite stressed conditions[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,248:171-178.
[13] Zheng H L,Zhu G C,Jiang S J,et al. Investigations of coagulation-flocculation process by performance optimization,model prediction and fractal structure of flocs[J]. Desalination,2011,269(1-3):148-156.
[14] Fan H T,Liu X H,Wang H,et al. Oxygen transfer dynamics and activated sludge floc structure under different sludge retention times at low dissolved oxygen concentrations[J]. Chemosphere,2017,169:586-595.
[15] Sekine T, Tsugura H, Urushibara S, et al. Evaluation of settleability of activated sludge using a sludge settling analyzer[J]. Water Research,1989,23(3):361-367.
[16]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[17] Shao L M,He P P,Yu G H,et al. Effect of proteins,polysaccharides,and particle sizes on sludge dewaterability[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21(1):83-88.
[18] Toh S K,Tay J H,Moy B Y,et al. Size-effect on the physical characteristics of the aerobic granule in a SBR[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2003,60(6):687-695.
[19] Jin B,Wilén B M,Lant P. A comprehensive insight into floc characteristics and their impact on compressibility and settleability of activated sludge[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2003,95(1-3):221-234.
[20] Wang Y L,Lu J,Du B Y,et al. Fractal analysis of polyferric chloride-humic acid(PFC-HA)flocs in different topological spaces[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21(1):41-48.
[21] Shamas J Y,Englande A J. Use of the immediate maximum specific oxygen uptake rate as an activated sludge process control parameter[J]. Water Science and Technology,1992,25(1):123-132.
[22] Battistoni P,Fava G,Ruello M L. Heavy metal shock load in activated sludge uptake and toxic effects[J]. Water Research,1993,27(5):821-827.
[23] Huang X,Gui P,Qian Y. Effect of sludge retention time on microbial behaviour in a submerged membrane bioreactor[J].Process Biochemistry,2001,36(10):1001-1006.
[24] Sun D D,Khor S L,Hay C T,et al. Impact of prolonged sludge retention time on the performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor[J]. Desalination,2007,208(1-3):101-112.
[25] Val del Río á,Morales N,Figueroa M,et al. Effect of coagulant‐flocculant reagents on aerobic granular biomass[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2012,87(7):908-913.
[26] Van Den Broeck R M R,Van Impe J F M,Smets I Y M,et al.Assessment of activated sludge stability in lab-scale experiments[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2009,141(3-4):147-154.
[27] Derco J,Kuffa R,UrminskáB,et al. Influence of phosphorus precipitation on wastewater treatment processes[M]. InTech,2016.
[28]李志华,白旭丽,张芹,等.基于呼吸图谱的自养菌与异养菌内源呼吸过程分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3492-3497.Li Z H,Bai X L,Zhang Q,et al. Endogenous respiration process analysis of heterotrophic biomass and autotrophic biomass based on respiration map[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(9):3492-3497.
[29]李志华,朱珂辰.以比耗氧速率作为丝状菌膨胀预警指标的研究[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(11):39-42.Li Z H,Zhu K C. Using specific oxygen uptake rate as a warning index of sludge bulking[J]. China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(11):39-42.
[30] Hartley K J. Controlling sludge settleability in the oxidation ditch process[J]. Water Research,2008,42(6-7):1459-1466.
[31]陈瑶,徐愿坚,陈玉成,等.自养、异养和混合营养污泥沉降性能差异原因探讨[J].化工进展,2015,34(5):1466-1471,1498.Chen Y,Xu Y J,Chen Y C,et al. Investigation of the reasons for settleability differences among autotrophic,heterotrophic and mixed nutritional sludges[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015,34(5):1466-1471,1498.
[32] Ren Y X,Nakano K,Nomura M,et al. A thermodynamic analysis on adsorption of estrogens in activated sludge process[J]. Water Research,2007,41(11):2341-2348.
[33]柴波.水质冲击条件下的污泥呼吸图谱特性分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.Chai B. Analysis of sludge respiration under shock condition of water quality[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2015.
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