基于GPS新型L5信号的地表雪深反演研究
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摘要
利用GPS多路径反射信号测量地表雪深具有全天候和高时空分辨率的特点,因此其可作为一种代替气象站监测雪深的新手段。然而,先前大多数研究仅使用了GPS L1和L2C波段信噪比数据探测积雪深度。为验证新型的L5信号在雪深反演方面的优越性,本文阐述了GPS-R技术反演雪深的原理,利用Lomb-Scargle周期图法所处理的受积雪表层影响的信噪比数据计算了频谱振幅强度,通过获取频谱特征值与天线高度的关系求解雪深值,最后分别与L1反演结果和实测雪深数据进行了对比。试验结果表明:与现有的GPS-R测量雪深结果相比,利用新型的L5反射信号反演地表雪深的精度更佳;采用GPS-R技术探测雪深对把握测站区域内的雪深变化情况和淡水资源储量具有重要价值。
Global Positioning System multipath reflected signals can be used to measure surface snow depths, which has all-weather and high spatial-temporal resolution characteristics. Therefore, GPS-R technology can be used as a new method for monitoring surface snow depths instead of meteorological stations. However, most previous studies have only used the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) data of GPS L1 and L2C signal to detect snow depth. In order to test the superiority of GPS-R technology based the new L5 signal in snow depth retrieval, this paper describes the basic principles of GPS-R technology for retrieving snow depth and uses Lomb-Scargle periodogram method to calculate spectral amplitude of the SNR data of the reflected signals affected by the snow surface. Snow depths are obtained by using the relationship between the spectral characteristic value and the antenna height. Finally, the retrieved snow depths are compared with the results of GPS L1 signals and in situ measurements, respectively. The results show that the performance of GPS-R technology with the new L5 signal is high better in snow depth retrieval when compared with that of GPS L1-SNR signals. In addition, it is of great value for snow depth variations and freshwater resource around the GNSS station to use GPS-R technology to detect land-surface snow depths.
Global Positioning System multipath reflected signals can be used to measure surface snow depths, which has all-weather and high spatial-temporal resolution characteristics. Therefore, GPS-R technology can be used as a new method for monitoring surface snow depths instead of meteorological stations. However, most previous studies have only used the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) data of GPS L1 and L2C signal to detect snow depth. In order to test the superiority of GPS-R technology based the new L5 signal in snow depth retrieval, this paper describes the basic principles of GPS-R technology for retrieving snow depth and uses Lomb-Scargle periodogram method to calculate spectral amplitude of the SNR data of the reflected signals affected by the snow surface. Snow depths are obtained by using the relationship between the spectral characteristic value and the antenna height. Finally, the retrieved snow depths are compared with the results of GPS L1 signals and in situ measurements, respectively. The results show that the performance of GPS-R technology with the new L5 signal is high better in snow depth retrieval when compared with that of GPS L1-SNR signals. In addition, it is of great value for snow depth variations and freshwater resource around the GNSS station to use GPS-R technology to detect land-surface snow depths.
引文
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[11] LARSON K M,GUTMANN E D,ZAVOROTNY V U,et al.Can we measure snow depth with GPS receivers?[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36(17):L17502.
[12] NIEVINSKI F G,LARSON K M.Inverse modeling of GPS multipath for snow depth estimation—part Ⅱ:application and validation[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2014,52(10):6564-6573.
[13] JIN S,QIAN X,KUTOGLU H.Snow depth variations estimated from GPS-reflectometry:a case study in Alaska from L2P SNR data[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(1):63-77.
[14] OZEKI M,HEKI K.GPS snow depth meter with geometry-free linear combinations of carrier phases[J].Journal of Geodesy,2012,86(3):209-219.
[15] QIAN X,JIN S.Estimation of snow depth From GLONASS SNR and phase-based multipath reflectometry[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2016,9(10):4817-4823.
[16] 周晓敏,郑南山,祁云,等.利用GPS-R遥感技术反演植被生物量[J].测绘通报,2018(1):129-132.
[17] 王泽民,刘智康,安家春,等.基于GPS和北斗信噪比观测值的雪深反演及其误差分析[J].测绘学报,2018,47(1):8-16.
[18] 税广通,郑南山,周方平,等.一种GPS多路径反射信号的雪深反演[J].测绘科学,2017,42(10):55-59.
[19] WANG X,ZHANG Q,ZHANG S.Water levels measured with SNR using wavelet decomposition and Lomb-Scargle periodogram[J].GPS Solutions,2018,22(1):22.
[20] 张双成,南阳,李振宇,等.GNSS-MR技术用于潮位变化监测分析[J].测绘学报,2016,45(9):1042-1049.
[2] 金双根,张勤耘,钱晓东.全球导航卫星系统反射测量(GNSS+R)最新进展与应用前景[J].测绘学报,2017,46(10):1389-1398.
[3] 王娜子,鲍李峰,高凡.宽巷组合下的cGNSS-R测高算法[J].测绘通报,2016(8):6-9.
[4] 杨东凯,刘毅,王峰.星载GNSS-R海面风速反演方法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2018,40(2):462-469.
[5] LARSON K M,BRAUN J J,SMALL E E,et al.GPS multipath and its relation to near-surface soil moisture content[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2010,3(1):91-99.
[6] ZHOU W,LIU L,HUANG L,et al.Snow depth detection based on L2 SNR of GLONASS satellites and multipath reflectometry[C]//Proceedings of CSNC.[S.l.]:Springer,2018:221-231.
[7] YU K.Tsunami-wave parameter estimation using GNSS-based sea surface height measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2015,53(5):2603-2611.
[8] CARDELLACH E,FABRA F,RIUS A,et al.Characteri-zation of dry-snow sub-structure using GNSS reflected signals[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,124(11):122-134.
[9] LARSON K M,SMALL E E,GUTMANN E,et al.Using GPS multipath to measure soil moisture fluctuations:initial results[J].GPS Solutions,2008,12(3):173-177.
[10] LARSON K M,SMALL E E,GUTMANN E D,et al.Use of GPS receivers as a soil moisture network for water cycle studies[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2010,35(24):851-854.
[11] LARSON K M,GUTMANN E D,ZAVOROTNY V U,et al.Can we measure snow depth with GPS receivers?[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36(17):L17502.
[12] NIEVINSKI F G,LARSON K M.Inverse modeling of GPS multipath for snow depth estimation—part Ⅱ:application and validation[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2014,52(10):6564-6573.
[13] JIN S,QIAN X,KUTOGLU H.Snow depth variations estimated from GPS-reflectometry:a case study in Alaska from L2P SNR data[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(1):63-77.
[14] OZEKI M,HEKI K.GPS snow depth meter with geometry-free linear combinations of carrier phases[J].Journal of Geodesy,2012,86(3):209-219.
[15] QIAN X,JIN S.Estimation of snow depth From GLONASS SNR and phase-based multipath reflectometry[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2016,9(10):4817-4823.
[16] 周晓敏,郑南山,祁云,等.利用GPS-R遥感技术反演植被生物量[J].测绘通报,2018(1):129-132.
[17] 王泽民,刘智康,安家春,等.基于GPS和北斗信噪比观测值的雪深反演及其误差分析[J].测绘学报,2018,47(1):8-16.
[18] 税广通,郑南山,周方平,等.一种GPS多路径反射信号的雪深反演[J].测绘科学,2017,42(10):55-59.
[19] WANG X,ZHANG Q,ZHANG S.Water levels measured with SNR using wavelet decomposition and Lomb-Scargle periodogram[J].GPS Solutions,2018,22(1):22.
[20] 张双成,南阳,李振宇,等.GNSS-MR技术用于潮位变化监测分析[J].测绘学报,2016,45(9):1042-1049.
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