露天矿区排土场复垦地土壤容重差异、GPR特征识别与反演
|
摘要
为揭示复垦地不同剖面土壤容重的总体特征和深度差异,以中煤平朔安太堡露天矿南排土场为研究对象,基于探地雷达(GPR)图像特征分析土壤容重差异,构建介电常数与土壤容重之间的关系。分析方法采用环刀采样称重法、探地雷达探测法、方差分析法、拟合分析法等。结果表明:矿区排土场平台土壤容重大于边坡,边坡坡度越大,土壤容重越小。在土壤含水率较小时,各个剖面0～30 cm处有较多大振幅信号,土壤容重较小,探地雷达信号图上大振幅信号的多少与土壤容重大小成反比。土壤容重随介电常数的增大而呈线性增加趋势,且二者拟合后的R~2值达0.813 9,相伴概率小于0.01。研究表明,矿区排土场不同位置及同一剖面不同深度土壤容重大小差异明显,通过探地雷达可对土壤容重差异进行分析。
In this study, the southern dumping site of the Antaibao open pit mine in Pingshuo, China was taken as the research subject. This study aimed to reveal the overall characteristics and depth differences in soil bulk density in different profiles of the reclaimed land. The difference in soil bulk density was based on the characteristics of ground penetrating radar(GPR)images. The relationship between the dielectric constant and soil bulk density was determined. In this study, the soil bulk density at different depths of the reconstructed soil profile was obtained using two methods, namely ring knife sample weighing and GPR detection. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and fitting analysis. The results showed that the soil bulk density varied greatly at different locations of the dumping site and at different depths of the same profile. The soil bulk density of the platform was greater than that of the slope. The slope of the slope was larger, the soil bulk density was smaller, and the more herbs, the greater the soil bulk density. When the soil moisture content was low, the amplitude of the large amplitude signal on the GPR map was inversely proportional to the soil bulk density. The soil bulk density could be qualitatively analyzed. The soil bulk density increased linearly with the dielectric constant, and the two were fitted. The R~2 value was 0.813 9, and the associated probability was less than 0.01. The results of this study could provide strong support for GPR to quickly and non-destructively detect soil bulk density and effective reclamation.
In this study, the southern dumping site of the Antaibao open pit mine in Pingshuo, China was taken as the research subject. This study aimed to reveal the overall characteristics and depth differences in soil bulk density in different profiles of the reclaimed land. The difference in soil bulk density was based on the characteristics of ground penetrating radar(GPR)images. The relationship between the dielectric constant and soil bulk density was determined. In this study, the soil bulk density at different depths of the reconstructed soil profile was obtained using two methods, namely ring knife sample weighing and GPR detection. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and fitting analysis. The results showed that the soil bulk density varied greatly at different locations of the dumping site and at different depths of the same profile. The soil bulk density of the platform was greater than that of the slope. The slope of the slope was larger, the soil bulk density was smaller, and the more herbs, the greater the soil bulk density. When the soil moisture content was low, the amplitude of the large amplitude signal on the GPR map was inversely proportional to the soil bulk density. The soil bulk density could be qualitatively analyzed. The soil bulk density increased linearly with the dielectric constant, and the two were fitted. The R~2 value was 0.813 9, and the associated probability was less than 0.01. The results of this study could provide strong support for GPR to quickly and non-destructively detect soil bulk density and effective reclamation.
引文
[1]李帅.煤炭:2018年22个工作要点,产能公告43.6亿吨[J].能源,2018,114(5):17.LI Shuai.Coal:22 work points in 2018,capacity announcement 4.36billion tons[J].Energy,2018,114(5):17.
[2]Cao Y G,Bai Z K,Sun Q,et al.Rural settlement changes in compound land use areas:Characteristics and reasons of changes in a mixed mining-rural-settlement area in Shanxi Province,China[J].Habitat International,2017,61:9-21.
[3]马小强,毕海良,孙莹,等.青海省矿山环境地质问题及防治建议[J].青海环境,2012(3):135-137.MA Xiao-qiang,BI Hai-liang,SUN Ying,et al.Environmental geological problems and prevention and control suggestions for mines in Qinghai Province[J].Journal of Qinghai Environment,2012(3):135-137.
[4]Cao Y G,Dallimer M,Stringer L,et al.Land expropriation compensation among multiple stakeholders in a mining area:Explaining"skeleton house"compensation[J].Land Use Policy,2018,74:97-110.
[5]王金满,郭凌俐,白中科,等.基于CT分析露天煤矿复垦年限对土壤有效孔隙数量和孔隙度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(12):229-236.WANG Jin-man,GUO Ling-li,BAI Zhong-ke,et al.Effects of land reclamation time on soil pore number and porosity based on computed tomography(CT)images in opencast coal mine dump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(12):229-236.
[6]曹银贵,白中科,张耿杰,等.山西平朔露天矿区复垦农用地表层土壤质量差异对比[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(12):2422-2428.CAO Yin-gui,BAI Zhong-ke,ZHANG Geng-jie,et al.Soil quality of surface reclaimed farmland in large open-cast mining area of Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(12):2422-2428.
[7]Pan J,Bai Z K,Cao Y G,et al.Influence of soil physical properties and vegetation coverage at different slope aspects in a reclaimed dump[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(30):23953-23965.
[8]吴永波,刘爽.土壤压实对土壤性质及植物生长的影响[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(1):15-17.WU Yong-bo,LIU Shuang.Advance in impacts of soil compaction research on the soil properties and plant growth[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2010,24(1):15-17.
[9]Hamza M A,Anderson W K.Soil compaction in cropping systems:Areview of the nature,causes and possible solutions[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2005,82(2):121-145.
[10]Liu X Y,Cao Y G,Bai Z K,et al.Evaluating relationships between soil chemical properties and vegetation cover at different slope aspects in a reclaimed dump[J].Environmental Earth Science,2017,76(23):508-560.
[11]黄昌勇,徐建明.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:112-113.HUANG Chang-yong,XU Jian-ming.Soil science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2010:112-113.
[12]刘美英,高永,汪季,等.矿区复垦地土壤碳氮含量变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):94-97.LIU Mei-ying,GAO Yong,WANG Ji,et al.Variation of soil carbon and nitrogen contents in the reclamation of coal mine area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(1):94-97.
[13]徐良骥,黄璨,章如芹,等.煤矸石充填复垦地理化特性与重金属分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):211-219.XU Liang-ji,HUANG Can,ZHANG Ru-qin,et al.Physical and chemical properties and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in reclaimed land filled with coal gangue[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(5):211-219.
[14]曹银贵,程烨,白中科.安太堡露天矿区土地景观格局变化及土地复垦的原则[J].资源与产业,2006,8(5):7-11.CAO Yin-gui,CHENG Ye,BAI Zhong-ke.The changes of landscape structure and principles of land reclamation in the Antaibao opencast area[J].Resources&Industries,2006,8(5):7-11
[15]Kuchenbuch R O,Ingram K T.Effects of soil bulk density on seminal and lateral roots of young maize plants(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition&Soil Science,2004,167(2):229-235.
[16]白中科,胡振华.露天矿排土场人为加速侵蚀及分类研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(1):34-40.BAI Zhong-ke,HU Zhen-hua.Artificial accelerated erosion and classification of the dump in surface mine[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation,1998,4(1):34-40.
[17]于亚军,任珊珊,郭李凯,等.两种利用类型煤矸山复垦重构土壤贮水特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):44-48.YU Ya-jun,REN Shan-shan,GUO Li-kai,et al.Study on soil waterholding capacity between two types of reclaimation agroforestry land on a coal waste pile[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):44-48.
[18]田大伦,陈书军.樟树人工林土壤水文-物理性质特征分析[J].中南林学院学报,2005,25(2):1-6.TIAN Da-lun,CHEN Shu-jun.Analysis of soil hydrology-physic properties in the artificial forest of Cinnamomum camphora(L.)presl[J].Journal of Central South Forestry University,2005,25(2):1-6.
[19]Hubbard S.Mapping the volumetric soil water content of California vineyard using high-frequency GPR ground wave data[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(6):552-559.
[20]雷少刚,卞正富.探地雷达测定土壤含水率研究综述[J].土壤通报,2008,39(5):1179-1183.LEI Shao-gang,BIAN Zheng-fu.Review on soil water content measurement with ground penetrating radar[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(5):1179-1183.
[21]王前锋,周可法,孙莉,等.基于探地雷达快速测定土壤含水量试验研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(5):881-887.WANG Qian-feng,ZHOU Ke-fa,SUN Li,et al.A study of fast estimating soil water content by ground penetrating radar[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(5):881-887.
[22]Ratto C R,Morton K D,Collins L M,et al.Analysis of linear prediction for soil characterization in GPR data for countermine applications[J].Sensing&Imaging,2014,15(1):86-93.
[23]Wang J M,Wang H D,Cao Y G,et al.Effects of soil and topographic factors on vegetation restoration in opencast coal mine dumps located in a loess area[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:22058.
[24]郭淑丽.基于GPR的复垦土壤压实探测模型研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.GUO Shu-li.The soil compaction detection model based on ground penetrating radar in reclamation area[D].Tai′an:Shandong Agricultural University,2013.
[25]马锐,韩武波,白中科.黄土区大型露天矿排土场水土流失致灾因子的确定--以安太堡露天煤矿南排土场为例[J].能源环境保护,2006,20(2):50-53.MA Rui,HAN Wu-bo,BAI Zhong-ke.Research of ravaged indexes of water and soil loss of dumping site of lareg opencast coal mine in loess area:Example for the south dumping site of Antaibao opencast coal mine[J].Energy Environmental Protection,2006,20(2):50-53.
[26]白中科,王治国,赵景逵,等.安太堡露天煤矿水土流失特征与控制[J].煤炭学报,1997(5):542-547.BAI Zhong-ke,WANG Zhi-guo,ZHAO Jing-kui,et al.Characteristics of soil erosion and its control in Antaibao open-pit coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997(5):542-547.
[27]冯强,段宝玲,姜硕.小流域尺度土壤容重及其影响因素的空间变异[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(1):39-45.FENG Qiang,DUAN Bao-ling,JIANG Shuo.Spatial heterogeneity of bulk density and its influencing factors at small watershed scale[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2016,36(1):39-45.
[28]Cao Y G,Wang J M,Bai Z K,et al.Differentiation and mechanisms on physical properties of reconstructed soils on open-cast mine dump of loess area[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(8):6367-6380.
[29]甄庆.新构土体土壤质量及水分与溶质运移研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.ZHEN Qing.Soil quality and water and solute transport in new soils[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[30]徐宁,吴兆录,李正玲.滇西北亚高山不同土地利用类型土壤容重与根系生物量的比较研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(5):1961-1963.XU Ning,WU Zhao-lu,LI Zheng-ling.Comparative studies on soil bulk density and underground roots biomass under different land use types in northwesternYunnan Province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(5):1961-1963.
[31]潘金梅,张立新,吴浩然,等.土壤有机物质对土壤介电常数的影响[J].遥感学报,2012,16(1):1-24.PAN Jin-mei,ZHANG Li-xin,WU Hao-ran,et al.Effects of soil organic matter on soil dielectric constant[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,16(1):1-24.
[32]单梦颖,杨永刚,吴兆录.云南省中部3种森林土壤含水率、容重和细根重及其垂直分布[J].云南地理环境研究,2013,25(4):38-44.SHAN Meng-ying,YANG Yong-gang,WU Zhao-lu.Soil moisture content,bulk density and fine root weight and their vertical distribution of three forests in central Yunnan Province[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,2013,25(4):38-44.
[33]伍敏.探地雷达在沥青路面检测中的应用研究[D].西安:长安大学,2014.WU Min.Application of ground penetrating radar in asphalt pavement detection[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2014.
[34]隋吉东,李天和,史拓,等.土壤紧实度对电磁波衰减的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1991(1):51-54.SUI Ji-dong,LI Tian-he,SHI Tuo,et al.The effect of different soil solidity on the attenuation of electromagnetic waves[J].Journal of Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University,1991(1):51-54.
[35]张建.土质路基含水性与介电性的关系研究[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学,2014.ZHANG Jian.Study on the relationship between the dielectric properties and water content of soil subgurde[D].Xiangtan:Hunan University of Science and Technology,2014.
[36]周立刚.高频探地雷达测定土壤含水量研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.ZHOU Li-gang.Study on determination of soil water content by high frequency ground penetrating radar[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[37]Lunt I A,Hubbard S S,Rubin Y.Soil moisture content estimation using ground-penetrating radar reflection data[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,307(1/2/3/4):254-269.
[38]Jackson T J.Effect of soil properties on microwave dielectric constants[J].Transportation Research Record,1987,1119:126-131.
[39]王萍.探地雷达检测土壤紧实性的实验研究和信号反演[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.WANG Ping.The experimental study and signal inversion of ground penetrating radar for soil compaction detection[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2010.
[40]Cao Y G,Bai Z K,Zhou W,et al.Characteristic analysis and pattern evolution on landscape types in typical compound area of mine agriculture urban in Shanxi Province,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):585-599.
[41]Wang J M,Yang R X,Feng Y.Spatial variability of reconstructed soil properties and the optimization of sampling number for reclaimed land monitoring in an opencast coal mine[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2017,10:46-58.
[42]白哲.基于探地雷达的路基土压实度确定[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(2):58-62.BAI Zhe.Compactness determination of subgrade soil based on GPR[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2015,34(2):58-62.
[43]李成方.探地雷达信息处理算法与信息管理系统研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.LI Cheng-fang.Research on GPR information processing arithmetic&information management system[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2006.
[44]Wang P,Hu Z,Zhao Y,et al.Experimental study of soil compaction effects on GPR signals[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2016,126:128-137.
[45]Raper R L,Asmussen L E,Powell J B.Sensing hard pan depth with ground-penetrating radar[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1990,33(1):41-46.
[2]Cao Y G,Bai Z K,Sun Q,et al.Rural settlement changes in compound land use areas:Characteristics and reasons of changes in a mixed mining-rural-settlement area in Shanxi Province,China[J].Habitat International,2017,61:9-21.
[3]马小强,毕海良,孙莹,等.青海省矿山环境地质问题及防治建议[J].青海环境,2012(3):135-137.MA Xiao-qiang,BI Hai-liang,SUN Ying,et al.Environmental geological problems and prevention and control suggestions for mines in Qinghai Province[J].Journal of Qinghai Environment,2012(3):135-137.
[4]Cao Y G,Dallimer M,Stringer L,et al.Land expropriation compensation among multiple stakeholders in a mining area:Explaining"skeleton house"compensation[J].Land Use Policy,2018,74:97-110.
[5]王金满,郭凌俐,白中科,等.基于CT分析露天煤矿复垦年限对土壤有效孔隙数量和孔隙度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(12):229-236.WANG Jin-man,GUO Ling-li,BAI Zhong-ke,et al.Effects of land reclamation time on soil pore number and porosity based on computed tomography(CT)images in opencast coal mine dump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(12):229-236.
[6]曹银贵,白中科,张耿杰,等.山西平朔露天矿区复垦农用地表层土壤质量差异对比[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(12):2422-2428.CAO Yin-gui,BAI Zhong-ke,ZHANG Geng-jie,et al.Soil quality of surface reclaimed farmland in large open-cast mining area of Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(12):2422-2428.
[7]Pan J,Bai Z K,Cao Y G,et al.Influence of soil physical properties and vegetation coverage at different slope aspects in a reclaimed dump[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(30):23953-23965.
[8]吴永波,刘爽.土壤压实对土壤性质及植物生长的影响[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(1):15-17.WU Yong-bo,LIU Shuang.Advance in impacts of soil compaction research on the soil properties and plant growth[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2010,24(1):15-17.
[9]Hamza M A,Anderson W K.Soil compaction in cropping systems:Areview of the nature,causes and possible solutions[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2005,82(2):121-145.
[10]Liu X Y,Cao Y G,Bai Z K,et al.Evaluating relationships between soil chemical properties and vegetation cover at different slope aspects in a reclaimed dump[J].Environmental Earth Science,2017,76(23):508-560.
[11]黄昌勇,徐建明.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:112-113.HUANG Chang-yong,XU Jian-ming.Soil science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2010:112-113.
[12]刘美英,高永,汪季,等.矿区复垦地土壤碳氮含量变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):94-97.LIU Mei-ying,GAO Yong,WANG Ji,et al.Variation of soil carbon and nitrogen contents in the reclamation of coal mine area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(1):94-97.
[13]徐良骥,黄璨,章如芹,等.煤矸石充填复垦地理化特性与重金属分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):211-219.XU Liang-ji,HUANG Can,ZHANG Ru-qin,et al.Physical and chemical properties and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in reclaimed land filled with coal gangue[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(5):211-219.
[14]曹银贵,程烨,白中科.安太堡露天矿区土地景观格局变化及土地复垦的原则[J].资源与产业,2006,8(5):7-11.CAO Yin-gui,CHENG Ye,BAI Zhong-ke.The changes of landscape structure and principles of land reclamation in the Antaibao opencast area[J].Resources&Industries,2006,8(5):7-11
[15]Kuchenbuch R O,Ingram K T.Effects of soil bulk density on seminal and lateral roots of young maize plants(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition&Soil Science,2004,167(2):229-235.
[16]白中科,胡振华.露天矿排土场人为加速侵蚀及分类研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(1):34-40.BAI Zhong-ke,HU Zhen-hua.Artificial accelerated erosion and classification of the dump in surface mine[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation,1998,4(1):34-40.
[17]于亚军,任珊珊,郭李凯,等.两种利用类型煤矸山复垦重构土壤贮水特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):44-48.YU Ya-jun,REN Shan-shan,GUO Li-kai,et al.Study on soil waterholding capacity between two types of reclaimation agroforestry land on a coal waste pile[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):44-48.
[18]田大伦,陈书军.樟树人工林土壤水文-物理性质特征分析[J].中南林学院学报,2005,25(2):1-6.TIAN Da-lun,CHEN Shu-jun.Analysis of soil hydrology-physic properties in the artificial forest of Cinnamomum camphora(L.)presl[J].Journal of Central South Forestry University,2005,25(2):1-6.
[19]Hubbard S.Mapping the volumetric soil water content of California vineyard using high-frequency GPR ground wave data[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(6):552-559.
[20]雷少刚,卞正富.探地雷达测定土壤含水率研究综述[J].土壤通报,2008,39(5):1179-1183.LEI Shao-gang,BIAN Zheng-fu.Review on soil water content measurement with ground penetrating radar[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(5):1179-1183.
[21]王前锋,周可法,孙莉,等.基于探地雷达快速测定土壤含水量试验研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(5):881-887.WANG Qian-feng,ZHOU Ke-fa,SUN Li,et al.A study of fast estimating soil water content by ground penetrating radar[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(5):881-887.
[22]Ratto C R,Morton K D,Collins L M,et al.Analysis of linear prediction for soil characterization in GPR data for countermine applications[J].Sensing&Imaging,2014,15(1):86-93.
[23]Wang J M,Wang H D,Cao Y G,et al.Effects of soil and topographic factors on vegetation restoration in opencast coal mine dumps located in a loess area[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:22058.
[24]郭淑丽.基于GPR的复垦土壤压实探测模型研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.GUO Shu-li.The soil compaction detection model based on ground penetrating radar in reclamation area[D].Tai′an:Shandong Agricultural University,2013.
[25]马锐,韩武波,白中科.黄土区大型露天矿排土场水土流失致灾因子的确定--以安太堡露天煤矿南排土场为例[J].能源环境保护,2006,20(2):50-53.MA Rui,HAN Wu-bo,BAI Zhong-ke.Research of ravaged indexes of water and soil loss of dumping site of lareg opencast coal mine in loess area:Example for the south dumping site of Antaibao opencast coal mine[J].Energy Environmental Protection,2006,20(2):50-53.
[26]白中科,王治国,赵景逵,等.安太堡露天煤矿水土流失特征与控制[J].煤炭学报,1997(5):542-547.BAI Zhong-ke,WANG Zhi-guo,ZHAO Jing-kui,et al.Characteristics of soil erosion and its control in Antaibao open-pit coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997(5):542-547.
[27]冯强,段宝玲,姜硕.小流域尺度土壤容重及其影响因素的空间变异[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(1):39-45.FENG Qiang,DUAN Bao-ling,JIANG Shuo.Spatial heterogeneity of bulk density and its influencing factors at small watershed scale[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2016,36(1):39-45.
[28]Cao Y G,Wang J M,Bai Z K,et al.Differentiation and mechanisms on physical properties of reconstructed soils on open-cast mine dump of loess area[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(8):6367-6380.
[29]甄庆.新构土体土壤质量及水分与溶质运移研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.ZHEN Qing.Soil quality and water and solute transport in new soils[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[30]徐宁,吴兆录,李正玲.滇西北亚高山不同土地利用类型土壤容重与根系生物量的比较研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(5):1961-1963.XU Ning,WU Zhao-lu,LI Zheng-ling.Comparative studies on soil bulk density and underground roots biomass under different land use types in northwesternYunnan Province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(5):1961-1963.
[31]潘金梅,张立新,吴浩然,等.土壤有机物质对土壤介电常数的影响[J].遥感学报,2012,16(1):1-24.PAN Jin-mei,ZHANG Li-xin,WU Hao-ran,et al.Effects of soil organic matter on soil dielectric constant[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,16(1):1-24.
[32]单梦颖,杨永刚,吴兆录.云南省中部3种森林土壤含水率、容重和细根重及其垂直分布[J].云南地理环境研究,2013,25(4):38-44.SHAN Meng-ying,YANG Yong-gang,WU Zhao-lu.Soil moisture content,bulk density and fine root weight and their vertical distribution of three forests in central Yunnan Province[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,2013,25(4):38-44.
[33]伍敏.探地雷达在沥青路面检测中的应用研究[D].西安:长安大学,2014.WU Min.Application of ground penetrating radar in asphalt pavement detection[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2014.
[34]隋吉东,李天和,史拓,等.土壤紧实度对电磁波衰减的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1991(1):51-54.SUI Ji-dong,LI Tian-he,SHI Tuo,et al.The effect of different soil solidity on the attenuation of electromagnetic waves[J].Journal of Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University,1991(1):51-54.
[35]张建.土质路基含水性与介电性的关系研究[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学,2014.ZHANG Jian.Study on the relationship between the dielectric properties and water content of soil subgurde[D].Xiangtan:Hunan University of Science and Technology,2014.
[36]周立刚.高频探地雷达测定土壤含水量研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.ZHOU Li-gang.Study on determination of soil water content by high frequency ground penetrating radar[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[37]Lunt I A,Hubbard S S,Rubin Y.Soil moisture content estimation using ground-penetrating radar reflection data[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,307(1/2/3/4):254-269.
[38]Jackson T J.Effect of soil properties on microwave dielectric constants[J].Transportation Research Record,1987,1119:126-131.
[39]王萍.探地雷达检测土壤紧实性的实验研究和信号反演[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.WANG Ping.The experimental study and signal inversion of ground penetrating radar for soil compaction detection[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2010.
[40]Cao Y G,Bai Z K,Zhou W,et al.Characteristic analysis and pattern evolution on landscape types in typical compound area of mine agriculture urban in Shanxi Province,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):585-599.
[41]Wang J M,Yang R X,Feng Y.Spatial variability of reconstructed soil properties and the optimization of sampling number for reclaimed land monitoring in an opencast coal mine[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2017,10:46-58.
[42]白哲.基于探地雷达的路基土压实度确定[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(2):58-62.BAI Zhe.Compactness determination of subgrade soil based on GPR[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2015,34(2):58-62.
[43]李成方.探地雷达信息处理算法与信息管理系统研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.LI Cheng-fang.Research on GPR information processing arithmetic&information management system[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2006.
[44]Wang P,Hu Z,Zhao Y,et al.Experimental study of soil compaction effects on GPR signals[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2016,126:128-137.
[45]Raper R L,Asmussen L E,Powell J B.Sensing hard pan depth with ground-penetrating radar[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1990,33(1):41-46.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |