青海藏区传统职业从业特征研究
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摘要
农业自然资源的利用与当地居民从事的传统职业息息相关.传统职业的发展是少数民族地区农业自然资源可持续利用和保护的关键因素之一.不同行业对农业自然资源有着不同的利用方式.在土著地区或少数民族社区,不同类型的传统职业从业者掌握着利用农业自然资源的多种技术与丰富的传统知识,并且维持着当地生物多样性和资源可持续利用.藏族作为青藏高原的主体民族,从事着与农业自然资源利用相关的职业,不仅从自然界中获取了财富,而且掌握了利用自然资源的技术与方法.本文运用数据收集和关键人物访谈等方法对8个县的传统农牧业、藏族医药业、传统手工业、传统语言教育业4个主要行业的从业特征、从业情况及其变化原因进行了系统分析,并且针对面临的危机尝试性提出保护措施和建议.
The customary sustainable use of agricultural natural resources is closely related to the traditional occupations of local residents. The development of traditional occupations is a key factor in the sustainable use of agricultural natural resources. Different industries have different ways of using agricultural natural resources. In minority communities, different types of traditional practitioners possess diverse technologies and traditional knowledge of the use of agricultural natural resources and maintain sustainable use of local biodiversity. As the main ethnic group on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the Tibetans are engaged in occupations related to the use of natural resources in agriculture. By means of data collection and interviews with key figures, this paper systematically analyzes the working characteristics, working conditions and changing reasons of the four major occupations of traditional agriculture and animal husbandry, Tibetan medicine, traditional handicraft industry and traditional language education industry in eight counties, and tentatively puts forward protective measures and suggestions against the crisis.
The customary sustainable use of agricultural natural resources is closely related to the traditional occupations of local residents. The development of traditional occupations is a key factor in the sustainable use of agricultural natural resources. Different industries have different ways of using agricultural natural resources. In minority communities, different types of traditional practitioners possess diverse technologies and traditional knowledge of the use of agricultural natural resources and maintain sustainable use of local biodiversity. As the main ethnic group on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the Tibetans are engaged in occupations related to the use of natural resources in agriculture. By means of data collection and interviews with key figures, this paper systematically analyzes the working characteristics, working conditions and changing reasons of the four major occupations of traditional agriculture and animal husbandry, Tibetan medicine, traditional handicraft industry and traditional language education industry in eight counties, and tentatively puts forward protective measures and suggestions against the crisis.
引文
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[15] 王宇航,于佳宾,徐宏幸.少数民族文化产业发展的路径探析[J].黑龙江民族丛刊,2018,(1):118-123.
[2] 徐海根,丁晖,吴军.2020年全球生物多样性目标解读及其评估指标探讨[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(1):1-9.
[3] 薛达元,郭泺.论传统知识的概念与保护[J].生物多样性,2009,17(2):135-142.
[4] 王志红.少数民族传统医药文化的保护、传承和发展思考[J].云南中医学院学报,2012,32(2):1-5.
[5] 泽郎华尔丹.浅说藏医药学的兴起与发展[J].中医临床研究,2011,3(2):112-113.
[6] 端智.藏医文化的现代解读[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013,35(2):78-81.
[7] 周乙陶,向芯慰.经济转型时期的民族传统手工艺[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,27(2):58-63.
[8] 根秋登子,白玛英珍.藏族手工艺及其开发前景[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2010,(4):7-11.
[9] 土登彭措.藏史纲要[M].北京:民族出版社,2006.
[10] 周娟.藏区民族文化传承的校内外互动机制研究[D].成都:四川师范大学,2013.
[11] 史慧.青海民族地区“失地”农牧民边缘化问题探析—基于海南州农地(草场)流转背景下的实证分析[J].人力资源管理,2012,(8):138-142.
[12] 白海燕.少数民族文化传承现状分析[J].中文信息,2018,(7):252-253.
[13] 马生林,王佐发.青海农牧区传统手工艺产业化发展研究[J].青海社会科学,2012,(5):52-55.
[14] 才吉卓玛.青海藏区农业资源传统可持续利用方式研究[J].中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2018,27(4):60-64.
[15] 王宇航,于佳宾,徐宏幸.少数民族文化产业发展的路径探析[J].黑龙江民族丛刊,2018,(1):118-123.