民勤绿洲外围不同立地类型黑果枸杞种群分布格局
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摘要
通过测定石羊河下游民勤绿洲外围4个不同立地类型黑果枸杞群落植被特征和黑果枸杞株数、株高、冠幅等生物学特征,以及黑果枸杞分布格局的点坐标,采用空间点格局分析方法中的Ripley’s K函数,分析了民勤绿洲外围不同立地类型上黑果枸杞空间分布格局。结果表明:(1) 4个不同立地类型中植被物种数为:砾石地﹥盐碱地﹥固定或半固定沙丘地、覆沙地,植物群落结构比较简单,存在多个科单属单种现象。(2)黑果枸杞株数在盐碱地中最多,覆沙地次之,固定或半固定沙丘地和砾石地中最少;而平均株高由高到低依次是固定或半固定沙丘地、盐碱地、覆沙地、砾石地;平均冠幅分布与平均株高类似。(3)在4个样地中,固定或半固定沙丘地和砾石地中的黑果枸杞呈现聚集分布;覆沙地中,黑果枸杞在较小尺度(0. 2～0. 5 m)呈现聚集分布,在较大尺度(1. 5～2. 5 m)呈现随机分布;盐碱地中,黑果枸杞种群表现为完全的随机分布。
The purposes of this study were to investigate the community characteristics and biological characteristics of Lycium ruthenicum in different site types in periphery of the Minqin Oasis. The biological characteristics of L.ruthenicum community included the plant number,height,canopy and distribution pattern in four different site types,and the Ripley's K function in the spatial point pattern analysis method was used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of L. ruthenicum. The results are as follows:(1) Number of plant species in the four site types was in an order of gravel land > saline and alkaline land > fixed or semi-fixed desert and sandy land. Structure of the plant community was relatively simple;(2) Number of L. ruthenicum plants was the most in the saline and alkaline land,then in the sandy land,and that in the gravel land and fixed or semi-fixed desert were the least. The average plant height was in an order of the fixed or semi-fixed desert > saline and alkaline land > sandy and gravel land,and the distribution of average canopy was similar to that of average plant height;(3) In the four plots,L. ruthenicum plants were distributed in a clustering way in the fixed or semi-fixed desert and gravel land; in the sandy desert,however,they were distributed in a clustering way on a small scale( 0. 2-0. 5 m) but in a random way on a larger scale( 1. 5-2. 5 m); in saline and alkaline land,they were distributed in a completely random way.
The purposes of this study were to investigate the community characteristics and biological characteristics of Lycium ruthenicum in different site types in periphery of the Minqin Oasis. The biological characteristics of L.ruthenicum community included the plant number,height,canopy and distribution pattern in four different site types,and the Ripley's K function in the spatial point pattern analysis method was used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of L. ruthenicum. The results are as follows:(1) Number of plant species in the four site types was in an order of gravel land > saline and alkaline land > fixed or semi-fixed desert and sandy land. Structure of the plant community was relatively simple;(2) Number of L. ruthenicum plants was the most in the saline and alkaline land,then in the sandy land,and that in the gravel land and fixed or semi-fixed desert were the least. The average plant height was in an order of the fixed or semi-fixed desert > saline and alkaline land > sandy and gravel land,and the distribution of average canopy was similar to that of average plant height;(3) In the four plots,L. ruthenicum plants were distributed in a clustering way in the fixed or semi-fixed desert and gravel land; in the sandy desert,however,they were distributed in a clustering way on a small scale( 0. 2-0. 5 m) but in a random way on a larger scale( 1. 5-2. 5 m); in saline and alkaline land,they were distributed in a completely random way.
引文
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[4]可静,李进,吕海英,等.不同条件下黑果枸杞叶片气孔开度和超微结构的变化[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1 362-1 370.[Ke Jing,Li Jin,Lv Haiying,et al.Change of stomatal aperture and ultrastructure on Lycium ruthenicum Murr.leaves under different conditions[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(6):1 362-1 370.]
[5]夏园园,莫仁楠,曲玮.黑果枸杞化学成分研究进展[J].药学研究,2015(5):1 599-1 601.[Xia Yuanyuan,Mo Rennan,Qu Wei.Research progress in chemical constituents of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[J].Progress in Pharmaceutical Sciences,2015(5):1 599-1 601.]
[6]罗华,林丽,晋玲,等.UV法测定黑河流域不同产地黑果枸杞中花青素的含量[J].现代中药研究与实践,2015,29(3):24-27.[Luo Hua,Lin Li,Jin Ling,et al.Determination of anthocyanin in Lycium ruthenicum Murr.from different producing area in Hei River Basin by UV[J].Research and Practice on Chinese Medicines,2015,29(3):24-27.]
[7]Tao W,Lv H,Wang F,et al.Characterization of polyphenols from Lycium ruthenicum fruit by UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE and their antioxidant activity in Caco-2 Cells[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2016,64(11):2 280-2 288.
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[12]杨洪晓,张金屯,吴波,等.毛乌素沙地油蒿种群点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(4):563-570.[Yang Hongxiao,Zhang Jintun,Wu Bo,et al.Point pattern analysis of Artemisia ordosica population in Mu US Sandy Land[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(4):563-570.]
[13]张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.[Zhang Jintun.Analysis of spatial point pattern for plant species[J].Acta Phyloecologica Sinica,1998,22(4):344-349.]
[14]Ripley B D.Modelling spatial pattern[J].Journal of the Royal statistical Society(Series B),1977,39:17-212.
[15]周俊菊,张恒玮,张利利,等.综合治理前后民勤绿洲景观格局时空演变特征[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):79-87.[Zhou Junju,Zhang Hengwei,Zhang Lili,et al.Spatiotemporal evolution of landscape pattern in the Minqin Oasis before and after implementing the comprehensive management[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):79-87.]
[16]张莹花,刘世增,纪永福,等.石羊河中游河岸芦苇(Phragmiles auslralis)群落空间格局[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):342-348.[Zhang Yinghua,Liu Shizeng,Ji Yongfu,et al.Spatial distribution pattern and spatial association of Phragmites australis in the middle reaches of Shiyanghe River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(2):342-348.]
[17]冯玉婷,常禹,胡远满,等.大兴安岭呼中森林景观的空间点格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):1 016-1 021.[Feng Yuting,Chang Yu,Hu Yuanman,et al.Spatial point pattern analysis on forest landscapes in Huzhong of Great Xing’an Mountains,Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(4):1 016-1 021.]
[18]于春堂,杨晓晖,尹伟伦,等.鄂尔多斯高原北缘唐古特白刺灌丛沙包的空间分布格局分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(5):39-45.[Yu Chuntang,Yang Xiaohui,Yin Weilun,et al.The spatial pattern of Nitraria tangutorum shrub islands in the North of Ordos Plateau[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(5):39-45.]
[19]杨帆,王雪芹,何清,等.绿洲-沙漠过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆形态特征及空间分布格局[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):556-563.[Yang Fan,Wang Xueqin,He Qing et al.Morphological features and spatial distribution pattern of Tamarix ramosissima Nebkhas in an Oasis-desert Ecoton[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(3):556-563.]
[20]高万林,曾新德,马存世,等.民勤荒漠草地退化原因及治理对策[J].甘肃林业科技,2011,36(4):24-27.[Gao Wanlin,Zeng Xinde,Ma Cunshi,et al.Degradation causes and control countermeasures of desert grassland in Minqin[J].Joural of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,2011,36(4):24-27.]
[21]Curtis J T,Mcintosh R P.An upland forest continuum in the prairie:Forest border region of Wisconsin[J].Ecology,1951,32(3):476-496.
[22]Shannon C E.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].ACM,1963.
[23]Kempton R A,Pielou E C.Ecological diversity[J].Applied Statistics,1976,25(3):306.
[24]Adrian B,Rolf T.Spatstat:An R package for analyzing spatial point patterns[J].Journal of Statistical Software,2005,12(6):1-42.
[25]Everitt B S,Hothorn T.A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using R[M].New York:Chapman&Hall,2006.
[26]傅星,南寅镐.科尔沁沙地盐生草甸主要植物群落种群格局的研究[J].应用生态学报,1992,3(4):313-320.[Fu Xing,Nan Yinghao.Population patterns of main communities on halomorphic meadow of Keerqin Sandy Land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied E-cology,1992,3(4):313-320.]
[27]刘振国,李镇清.不同放牧强度下冷蒿种群小尺度空间格局[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):227-234.[Liu Zhenguo,Li Zhenqing.Fine-scale spatial pattern of Artemisia frigida population under different grazing intensities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(2):227-234.]
[28]王本洋,余世孝.种群分布格局的多尺度分析[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(2):35-241.[Wang Benyang,Yu Shixiao.Multiscale analyses of population distribution patterns[J].Acta Phytecologica Sinica,2005,29(2):35-241.]
[29]Klaas B A,Danielson B J.The tempo and mode of gopher mound production in a tallgrass prairie remnant[J].Ecography,2010,23(2):246-256.
[30]赵成章,高福元,石福习,等.高寒退化草地甘肃臭草种群分布格局及其对土壤水分的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6 688-6 695.[Zhao Chengzhang,Gao Fuyuan,Shi Fuxi,et al.Melica przewalskyi population spatial pattern and response to soil moisture in degraded alpine grassland[J].Acta Phytoecologica,2011,31(22):6 688-6 695.]
[31]张元恺,张杰,姚泽.民勤沙区绿洲-荒漠过渡带典型植被群落物种多样性特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(28):1-7.[Zhang Yuankai,Zhang Jie,Yao Ze.Analysis on the species diversity characteristics of typical plant communities at Desert-Oasis Ecotone in Minqin Desert[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(28):1-7.]
[32]何文革,那松曹克图,吾其尔,等.新疆焉耆盆地黑果枸杞自然分布特点及其生物特性[J].中国野生植物资源,2015(4):59-63.[He Wenge,Nasongcaoketu,Wuqier,et al.Natural distribution and biological characteristics of Lycium ruthenicum in Yanqi Basin of Xinjiang[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2015(4):59-63.]
[33]Nobel P.Root distribution and seasonal production in the northwestern Sonoran Desert for a C3subshrub,a C4bunchgrass,and a CAM leaf succulent[J].American Journal of Botany,1997,84(7):949-955.
[34]蔡飞.杭州西湖山区青冈种群结构和动态的研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(3):67-72.[Cai Fei.A study on the structure and dynamics of Cyclobalanopsis glauca population at hills around wes lake in Hangzhou[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2000,36(3):67-72.]
[35]张兰,张华,赵传燕.黑河下游胡杨种群的点格局分析[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3 407-3 412.[Zhang Lan,Zhang Hua,Zhao Chuanyan,et al.Point pattern analysis of Populus euphratica population in the lower reaches of Heihe River[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(12):3 407-3 412.]
[2]杨建民,黄万荣.经济林栽培学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.[Yang Jianmin,Huang Wanrong.Economic Forest Culture[M].Beijing:China Forestry Press,2004.]
[3]王桔红,陈文.黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长对盐胁迫的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):804-810.[Wang Juhong,Cheng Wen.Responses of seed germination and seedling growth of Lycium ruthenicum to salt stress[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(4):804-810.]
[4]可静,李进,吕海英,等.不同条件下黑果枸杞叶片气孔开度和超微结构的变化[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1 362-1 370.[Ke Jing,Li Jin,Lv Haiying,et al.Change of stomatal aperture and ultrastructure on Lycium ruthenicum Murr.leaves under different conditions[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(6):1 362-1 370.]
[5]夏园园,莫仁楠,曲玮.黑果枸杞化学成分研究进展[J].药学研究,2015(5):1 599-1 601.[Xia Yuanyuan,Mo Rennan,Qu Wei.Research progress in chemical constituents of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[J].Progress in Pharmaceutical Sciences,2015(5):1 599-1 601.]
[6]罗华,林丽,晋玲,等.UV法测定黑河流域不同产地黑果枸杞中花青素的含量[J].现代中药研究与实践,2015,29(3):24-27.[Luo Hua,Lin Li,Jin Ling,et al.Determination of anthocyanin in Lycium ruthenicum Murr.from different producing area in Hei River Basin by UV[J].Research and Practice on Chinese Medicines,2015,29(3):24-27.]
[7]Tao W,Lv H,Wang F,et al.Characterization of polyphenols from Lycium ruthenicum fruit by UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE and their antioxidant activity in Caco-2 Cells[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2016,64(11):2 280-2 288.
[8]Liu Y,Hou L Y,Li Q W,et al.The effects of exogenous antioxidant germanium(Ge)on seed germination and growth of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.subjected to Na Cl stress[J].Environmental Technology,2016,37(8):909-919.
[9]彭飞,黄翠华,尤全刚,等.种植黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)对盐渍土盐分分布的影响[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1 406-1 412.[Peng Fei,Huang Cuihua,You Quangang,et al.Effects of plantation of Lycium ruthenicum on the soil salt distribution in the Minqin Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(5):1 406-1 412.]
[10]Zilic'S,Serpen A,Ak1ll1oglu G,et al.Phenolic compounds,carotenoids,anthocyanins,and antioxidant capacity of colored maize(Zea mays L.)kernels[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2012,60(5):1 224-1 231.
[11]郭春秀,姚拓,马俊梅,等.石羊河下游不同类型荒漠草地黑果枸杞群落结构及物种多样性特征[J].草地学报,2017,25(3):529-537.[Guo Chunxiu,Yao Tuo,Ma Junmei,et al.Characteristics and species diversity of Lycium ruthenicum on different types of desert grassland in Shiyang River[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(3):529-537.]
[12]杨洪晓,张金屯,吴波,等.毛乌素沙地油蒿种群点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(4):563-570.[Yang Hongxiao,Zhang Jintun,Wu Bo,et al.Point pattern analysis of Artemisia ordosica population in Mu US Sandy Land[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(4):563-570.]
[13]张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.[Zhang Jintun.Analysis of spatial point pattern for plant species[J].Acta Phyloecologica Sinica,1998,22(4):344-349.]
[14]Ripley B D.Modelling spatial pattern[J].Journal of the Royal statistical Society(Series B),1977,39:17-212.
[15]周俊菊,张恒玮,张利利,等.综合治理前后民勤绿洲景观格局时空演变特征[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):79-87.[Zhou Junju,Zhang Hengwei,Zhang Lili,et al.Spatiotemporal evolution of landscape pattern in the Minqin Oasis before and after implementing the comprehensive management[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):79-87.]
[16]张莹花,刘世增,纪永福,等.石羊河中游河岸芦苇(Phragmiles auslralis)群落空间格局[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):342-348.[Zhang Yinghua,Liu Shizeng,Ji Yongfu,et al.Spatial distribution pattern and spatial association of Phragmites australis in the middle reaches of Shiyanghe River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(2):342-348.]
[17]冯玉婷,常禹,胡远满,等.大兴安岭呼中森林景观的空间点格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):1 016-1 021.[Feng Yuting,Chang Yu,Hu Yuanman,et al.Spatial point pattern analysis on forest landscapes in Huzhong of Great Xing’an Mountains,Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(4):1 016-1 021.]
[18]于春堂,杨晓晖,尹伟伦,等.鄂尔多斯高原北缘唐古特白刺灌丛沙包的空间分布格局分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(5):39-45.[Yu Chuntang,Yang Xiaohui,Yin Weilun,et al.The spatial pattern of Nitraria tangutorum shrub islands in the North of Ordos Plateau[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(5):39-45.]
[19]杨帆,王雪芹,何清,等.绿洲-沙漠过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆形态特征及空间分布格局[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):556-563.[Yang Fan,Wang Xueqin,He Qing et al.Morphological features and spatial distribution pattern of Tamarix ramosissima Nebkhas in an Oasis-desert Ecoton[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(3):556-563.]
[20]高万林,曾新德,马存世,等.民勤荒漠草地退化原因及治理对策[J].甘肃林业科技,2011,36(4):24-27.[Gao Wanlin,Zeng Xinde,Ma Cunshi,et al.Degradation causes and control countermeasures of desert grassland in Minqin[J].Joural of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,2011,36(4):24-27.]
[21]Curtis J T,Mcintosh R P.An upland forest continuum in the prairie:Forest border region of Wisconsin[J].Ecology,1951,32(3):476-496.
[22]Shannon C E.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].ACM,1963.
[23]Kempton R A,Pielou E C.Ecological diversity[J].Applied Statistics,1976,25(3):306.
[24]Adrian B,Rolf T.Spatstat:An R package for analyzing spatial point patterns[J].Journal of Statistical Software,2005,12(6):1-42.
[25]Everitt B S,Hothorn T.A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using R[M].New York:Chapman&Hall,2006.
[26]傅星,南寅镐.科尔沁沙地盐生草甸主要植物群落种群格局的研究[J].应用生态学报,1992,3(4):313-320.[Fu Xing,Nan Yinghao.Population patterns of main communities on halomorphic meadow of Keerqin Sandy Land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied E-cology,1992,3(4):313-320.]
[27]刘振国,李镇清.不同放牧强度下冷蒿种群小尺度空间格局[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):227-234.[Liu Zhenguo,Li Zhenqing.Fine-scale spatial pattern of Artemisia frigida population under different grazing intensities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(2):227-234.]
[28]王本洋,余世孝.种群分布格局的多尺度分析[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(2):35-241.[Wang Benyang,Yu Shixiao.Multiscale analyses of population distribution patterns[J].Acta Phytecologica Sinica,2005,29(2):35-241.]
[29]Klaas B A,Danielson B J.The tempo and mode of gopher mound production in a tallgrass prairie remnant[J].Ecography,2010,23(2):246-256.
[30]赵成章,高福元,石福习,等.高寒退化草地甘肃臭草种群分布格局及其对土壤水分的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6 688-6 695.[Zhao Chengzhang,Gao Fuyuan,Shi Fuxi,et al.Melica przewalskyi population spatial pattern and response to soil moisture in degraded alpine grassland[J].Acta Phytoecologica,2011,31(22):6 688-6 695.]
[31]张元恺,张杰,姚泽.民勤沙区绿洲-荒漠过渡带典型植被群落物种多样性特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(28):1-7.[Zhang Yuankai,Zhang Jie,Yao Ze.Analysis on the species diversity characteristics of typical plant communities at Desert-Oasis Ecotone in Minqin Desert[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(28):1-7.]
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