Dynamic notched semi-circle bend(NSCB) method for measuring fracture properties of rocks:Fundamentals and applications
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摘要
Rocks are increasingly used in extreme environments characterised by high loading rates and high confining pressures.Thus the fracture properties of rocks under dynamic loading and confinements are critical in various rock mechanics and rock engineering problems.Due to the transient nature of dynamic loading,the dynamic fracture tests of rocks are much more challenging than their static counterparts.Understanding the dynamic fracture behaviour of geomaterials relies significantly on suitable and reliable dynamic fracture testing methods.One of such methods is the notched semi-circle bend(NSCB) test combined with the advanced split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) system,which has been recommended by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM) as the standard method for the determination of dynamic fracture toughness.The dynamic NSCB-SHPB method can provide detailed insights into dynamic fracture properties including initiation fracture toughness,fracture energy,propagation fracture toughness and fracture velocity.This review aims to fully describe the detailed principles and state-of-the-art applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques.The history and principles of dynamic NSCB-SHPB tests for rocks are outlined,and then the applications of dynanic NSCB-SHPB method(including the measurements of initiation and propagation fracture toughnesses and the limiting fracture velocity,the size effect and the digital image correlation(DIC) experiments) are discussed.Further,other applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques(i.e.the thermal,moisture and anisotropy effects on the dynamic fracture properties of geomaterials,and dynamic fracture toughness of geomaterials under pre-loading and hydrostatic pressures) are presented.
Rocks are increasingly used in extreme environments characterised by high loading rates and high confining pressures.Thus the fracture properties of rocks under dynamic loading and confinements are critical in various rock mechanics and rock engineering problems.Due to the transient nature of dynamic loading,the dynamic fracture tests of rocks are much more challenging than their static counterparts.Understanding the dynamic fracture behaviour of geomaterials relies significantly on suitable and reliable dynamic fracture testing methods.One of such methods is the notched semi-circle bend(NSCB) test combined with the advanced split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) system,which has been recommended by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM) as the standard method for the determination of dynamic fracture toughness.The dynamic NSCB-SHPB method can provide detailed insights into dynamic fracture properties including initiation fracture toughness,fracture energy,propagation fracture toughness and fracture velocity.This review aims to fully describe the detailed principles and state-of-the-art applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques.The history and principles of dynamic NSCB-SHPB tests for rocks are outlined,and then the applications of dynanic NSCB-SHPB method(including the measurements of initiation and propagation fracture toughnesses and the limiting fracture velocity,the size effect and the digital image correlation(DIC) experiments) are discussed.Further,other applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques(i.e.the thermal,moisture and anisotropy effects on the dynamic fracture properties of geomaterials,and dynamic fracture toughness of geomaterials under pre-loading and hydrostatic pressures) are presented.
Rocks are increasingly used in extreme environments characterised by high loading rates and high confining pressures.Thus the fracture properties of rocks under dynamic loading and confinements are critical in various rock mechanics and rock engineering problems.Due to the transient nature of dynamic loading,the dynamic fracture tests of rocks are much more challenging than their static counterparts.Understanding the dynamic fracture behaviour of geomaterials relies significantly on suitable and reliable dynamic fracture testing methods.One of such methods is the notched semi-circle bend(NSCB) test combined with the advanced split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) system,which has been recommended by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM) as the standard method for the determination of dynamic fracture toughness.The dynamic NSCB-SHPB method can provide detailed insights into dynamic fracture properties including initiation fracture toughness,fracture energy,propagation fracture toughness and fracture velocity.This review aims to fully describe the detailed principles and state-of-the-art applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques.The history and principles of dynamic NSCB-SHPB tests for rocks are outlined,and then the applications of dynanic NSCB-SHPB method(including the measurements of initiation and propagation fracture toughnesses and the limiting fracture velocity,the size effect and the digital image correlation(DIC) experiments) are discussed.Further,other applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques(i.e.the thermal,moisture and anisotropy effects on the dynamic fracture properties of geomaterials,and dynamic fracture toughness of geomaterials under pre-loading and hydrostatic pressures) are presented.
引文
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Bornert M,Doumalin P,Dupre JC,Poilane C,Robert L,Toussaint E,Wattrisse B.Assessment of digital image correlation measurement accuracy in the ultimate error regime:Improved models of systematic and random errors.Experimental Mechanics 2018:58(1):33-48.
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Chen R,Li K,Xia K,Lin Y,Yao W,Lu F.Dynamic fracture properties of rocks subjected to static pre-load using notched semi-circular bend method.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2016;49(10):3865—72.
Chen R,Xia K,Dai F,Lu F,Luo SN.Determination of dynamic fracture parameters using a semi-circular bend technique in split Hopkinson pressure bar testing.Engineering Fracture Mechanics 2009;76(9):1268-76.
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Dai F,Chen R,Iqbal MJ,Xia K.Dynamic cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc method for measuring rock fracture parameters.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2010a;47(4):606-13.
Dai F,Chen R,Xia K.A semi-circular bend technique for determining dynamic fracture toughness.Experimental Mechanics 2010b;50(6):783-91.
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Dai F,Xia K,Zheng H,Wang YX.Determination of dynamic rock mode-1 fracture parameters using cracked chevron notched semi-circular bend specimen.Engineering Fracture Mechanics 2011;78(15):2633-44.
Dai F,Xia KW.Laboratory measurements of the rate dependence of the fracture toughness anisotropy of Barre granite,international Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2013;60:57-65.
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Gao G,Huang S.Xia K.Li Z.Application of digital image correlation(DIC)in dynamic notched semi-circular bend(NSCB)tests.Experimental Mechanics 2015b;55(1):95-104.
Gao G,Yao W,Xia K,Li Z.Investigation of the rate dependence of fracture propagation in rocks using digital image correlation(DIC)method.Engineering Fracture Mechanics 2015a;138:146—55.
Guha Roy D,Singh TN,Kodikara J,Das R.Effect of water saturation on the fracture and mechanical properties of sedimentary rocks.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2017;50(10):2585-600.
Gui YL,Bui HH,Kodikara J,Zhang QB,Zhao J,Rabczuk T.Modelling the dynamic failure of brittle rocks using a hybrid continuum-discrete element method with a mixed-mode cohesive fracture model.International Journal of Impact Engineering 2016;87:146-55.
Haberfield CM,Johnston IW.Determination of the fracture toughness of a saturated soft rock.Canadian Geotechnical Journal 1990;27(3):276-84.
Hopkinson B.A method of measuring the pressure produced in the detonation of high explosives or by the impact of bullets.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences 1914;213:437-56.
Iqbal MJ,Mohanty B.Experimental calibration of stress intensity factors of the ISRM suggested cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disc specimen used for determination of mode-I fracture toughness.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2006;43(8):1270-6.
Iverson RM.Landslide triggering by rain infiltration.Water Resources Research2000;36(7):1897-910.
Kaya AC,Erdogan F.Stress intensity factors and COD in an orthotropic strip.International Journal of Fracture 1980;16(2):171-90.
Ke CC,Chen CS,Tu CH.Determination of fracture toughness of anisotropic rocks by boundary element method.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2008;41(4):509-38.
Klepaczko JR,Bassim MN,Hsu TR.Fracture toughness of coal under quasi-static and impact loading.Engineering Fracture Mechanics 1984;19(2):305-16.
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