海底地貌复杂度的表示与计算
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摘要
海底地貌复杂度表示了海底地貌不同类型的起伏与变化,是人类海洋认知、航海安全、海洋测绘等需要考虑的重要因素。面对网格化的数字深度模型,按照信息熵与坡度相结合的思路,提出了一个新的由信息熵度量的海底地貌复杂度的表示和计算模型。采用三阶有限差分法计算坡度参数,依据给出的坡度分类模型,得到不同坡度类别出现的概率,进而计算出海底地貌复杂度指数。使用渤海湾周围和美国西海岸数字高程模型数据样区作为实验对象,计算海底地貌复杂度指数,并将其与原始数据进行对比,结果表明本方法对地貌复杂的表示准确。
Being the representation for the different types of ups and downs of submarine landforms, the submarine landform complexity is an important factor to consider in human marine cognition, maritime safety, and marine mapping. In the face of grid-based digital depth model, a new representation and calculation model of submarine landform complexity is proposed based on the theory of information entropy and slope. Based on the given slope classification model, the probability of occurrence of different slope categories is obtained, where the slope parameters are calculated by introducing the third-order finite difference method, and the submarine landform complexity index is calculated. Experiments are done on the data around the Bohai Bay and the US West Coast Digital Elevation Model, then the original data and its corresponding landform complexity index are compared. The result shows that the method presented is accurate to represent the complex degree of the geomorphology.
Being the representation for the different types of ups and downs of submarine landforms, the submarine landform complexity is an important factor to consider in human marine cognition, maritime safety, and marine mapping. In the face of grid-based digital depth model, a new representation and calculation model of submarine landform complexity is proposed based on the theory of information entropy and slope. Based on the given slope classification model, the probability of occurrence of different slope categories is obtained, where the slope parameters are calculated by introducing the third-order finite difference method, and the submarine landform complexity index is calculated. Experiments are done on the data around the Bohai Bay and the US West Coast Digital Elevation Model, then the original data and its corresponding landform complexity index are compared. The result shows that the method presented is accurate to represent the complex degree of the geomorphology.
引文
[1] 张伟.渤海海峡南部海域地貌特征及控制因素研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.Zhang Wei.Study on the Geomorphological Characteristic and Controlling Factors in the Southern Bohai Strait[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014.
[2] 里弼东.人类对海底地貌的认识和利用[J].海洋测绘,1999(3):51-54.Li Bi-Dong.Human cognition and utilization of seabed topography[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,1999(3):51-54.
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[4] 汤国安.我国数字高程模型与数字地形分析研究进展[J].地理学报,2014,69(9):1305-1325.Tang Guo-An.Research progress of digital elevation model and digital terrain analysis in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(9):1305-1325.
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[10] 李天文,刘学军,汤国安.地形复杂度对坡度坡向的影响[J].山地学报,2004,22(3):272-277.Li Tian-Wen,Liu Xue-Jun,Tang Guo-An.Influence of terrain complexity on slope and aspect[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2004,22(3):272-277.
[11] 卢华兴,刘学军,汤国安.地形复杂度的多因子综合评价方法[J].山地学报,2012(5):616-621.Li Tian-Wen,Liu Xue-Jun,Tang Guo-An.Terrain complexity assessment based on multivariate analysis[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012(5):616-621.
[12] 何文秀,石云.黄土丘陵沟壑区地形复杂度分析[J].测绘科学,2015,40(10):146-152.He Wen-Xiu,Shi Yun.Analysis of terrain complexity in the hilly and gully area of loess plateau[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2015,40(10):146-152.
[13] 钟义信.面向智能研究的全信息理论:纪念Shannon信息论50周年[J].北京邮电大学学报,1998,21(4):1-6.Zhong Yi-Xin.Intelligence oriented comprehensive information theory一In memory of the 50th anniversary of Shannon information theory[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,1998,21(4):1-6.
[14] 丁有瑚.信息与信息熵[J].现代物理知识,1998(3):15-15.Ding You-Hu.Information and information entropy[J].Modern Physics,1998(3):15-15.
[15] 汤永利,徐国爱,钮心忻,等.基于信息熵的信息安全风险分析模型[J].北京邮电大学学报,2008,31(2):50-53.Tang Yong-Li,Xu Ai-Guo,Niu Xin-Xi,et al.Nformation security risk analysis model using information entropy[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2008,31(2):50-53.
[16] 周薇,李筱菁.基于信息熵理论的综合评价方法[J].科学技术与工程,2010,10(23):5839-5843.Zhou Wei,Li Xiao-Qing.A comprehensive evaluation method based on information eentropy[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2010,10(23):5839-5843.
[2] 里弼东.人类对海底地貌的认识和利用[J].海洋测绘,1999(3):51-54.Li Bi-Dong.Human cognition and utilization of seabed topography[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,1999(3):51-54.
[3] 耿秀山.黄渤海地貌特征及形成因素探讨[J].地理学报,1981(4):423-434.Geng Xiu-Shan.Probing into the characteristics and forming factors of Huang Bohai Sea[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1981(4):423-434.
[4] 汤国安.我国数字高程模型与数字地形分析研究进展[J].地理学报,2014,69(9):1305-1325.Tang Guo-An.Research progress of digital elevation model and digital terrain analysis in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(9):1305-1325.
[5] 李志林.数字高程模型[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.Li Zhi-Lin.Digital Elevation Model[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2003.
[6] Chou Y H,Liu P S,Dezzani R J.Terrain complexity and reduction of topographic data[J].Journal of Geographical Systems,1999,1(2):179-198.
[7] 马锦绢.地形复杂度量化研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2012.Ma Jin-Juan.Research on Quantifying Terrain Complexity[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2012.
[8] 王雷,汤国安,刘学军,等.DEM地形复杂度指数及提取方法研究[J].水土保持通报,2004,24(4):55-58.Wang Lei,Tang Guo-An,Liu Xue-jun,et al.Terrain complexity index and its derivation from DEMs[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,24(4):55-58.
[9] 周侗,龙毅,汤国安,等.面向DEM地形复杂度分析的分形方法研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,22(1):26-30.Zhou Tong.Long Yi.Tang Guo-An.et.A fractal method to describe the terrain complexity reflected by the raster DEM[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2006,22(1):26-30.
[10] 李天文,刘学军,汤国安.地形复杂度对坡度坡向的影响[J].山地学报,2004,22(3):272-277.Li Tian-Wen,Liu Xue-Jun,Tang Guo-An.Influence of terrain complexity on slope and aspect[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2004,22(3):272-277.
[11] 卢华兴,刘学军,汤国安.地形复杂度的多因子综合评价方法[J].山地学报,2012(5):616-621.Li Tian-Wen,Liu Xue-Jun,Tang Guo-An.Terrain complexity assessment based on multivariate analysis[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012(5):616-621.
[12] 何文秀,石云.黄土丘陵沟壑区地形复杂度分析[J].测绘科学,2015,40(10):146-152.He Wen-Xiu,Shi Yun.Analysis of terrain complexity in the hilly and gully area of loess plateau[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2015,40(10):146-152.
[13] 钟义信.面向智能研究的全信息理论:纪念Shannon信息论50周年[J].北京邮电大学学报,1998,21(4):1-6.Zhong Yi-Xin.Intelligence oriented comprehensive information theory一In memory of the 50th anniversary of Shannon information theory[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,1998,21(4):1-6.
[14] 丁有瑚.信息与信息熵[J].现代物理知识,1998(3):15-15.Ding You-Hu.Information and information entropy[J].Modern Physics,1998(3):15-15.
[15] 汤永利,徐国爱,钮心忻,等.基于信息熵的信息安全风险分析模型[J].北京邮电大学学报,2008,31(2):50-53.Tang Yong-Li,Xu Ai-Guo,Niu Xin-Xi,et al.Nformation security risk analysis model using information entropy[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2008,31(2):50-53.
[16] 周薇,李筱菁.基于信息熵理论的综合评价方法[J].科学技术与工程,2010,10(23):5839-5843.Zhou Wei,Li Xiao-Qing.A comprehensive evaluation method based on information eentropy[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2010,10(23):5839-5843.
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