鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水特征及对CO_2地质封存的意义
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摘要
CO_2地质封存技术是实现碳减排的有效措施,对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水特征进行研究,是下一步实施工程化CO_2封存的首要前提。本文依据对深部钻井取样的直观观察与实验测试,采用单项指标分类评价和多项指标综合评价的方法深入分析了马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水的物理性质、化学性质、地层水类型和水化学特征参数。结果表明:马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水密度较大、矿化度极高,属于卤水,含量最多的离子是Cl~-,其次是Ca~(2+),地层水是CaCl_2型。钠氯系数、氯镁系数、脱硫系数和镁钙系数的分析表明马五_1亚段地层水封闭性极好,处于较强的还原环境。综合分析认为马家沟组马五_1亚段地层水具备实施CO_2封存的良好条件,非常适宜进行CO_2封存。
Background,aim,and scope Global warming caused by emission of greenhouse gases dominated by CO_2 has become a severe challenge to human being.Many measures have been taken to combat global warming all over the world.What is worth mentioning is the CO_2 geological sequestration,it is an effective and burgeoning measure to achieve carbon emission reduction.The CO_2 sequestration potential is very huge in Ordos Basin.So,in this paper the formation water characteristics in Ma5_1 submember of Majiagou formation are systematically studied,which is the precondition for further engineering design of CO_2 sequestration in Ordos Basin.Materials and methods Based on the direct observations and experimental tests of deep drilling samplings,the method of"single index classification evaluation and multiple index comprehensive evaluation"is adopted.The physical properties,chemical properties,formation water types and hydrochemical characteristic parameters of the Majiagou formation Ma5_1 submember are analyzed in detail.Results The results indicate that the pH of the water ranges from 3.5 to 8.6,mainly from 4.5 to 6.5;the water density ranges from 1.0 g?cm~(-3) to 1.5 g?cm~(-3),mostly 1.1—1.3 g?cm~(-3);the mineralization degree is generally greater than 50 g?L~(-1),and average mineralization degree is 166 g?L~(-1);the highest concentration ion is Cl~-,followed by Ca~(2+);the concentration order of the ions is r Cl~->r Ca~(2+)>r(Na~++K~+)>r Mg~(2+)>r>r,and the formation water is CaCl_2 type.The analysis results of water chemical characteristic parameters show that Na/Cl factor(r Na~+/r Cl~-)ranges from 0.18 to 0.55,0.34 on average;Cl/Mg factor(r Cl~-/r Mg~(2+))ranges from 11.04 to 165.16,32.11 on average;desulfurization factor(100×r/r Cl~-)ranges from 0 to 0.45,0.09 on average;Mg/Ca factor(r Mg~(2+)/r Ca~(2+))range from 0.01to 0.30,0.17 on average.Discussion Most samples have a pH of 4.5—6.5,which does not meet the drinking water standard(6.5—8.5).The density is generally 1.1—1.3 g?cm~(-3),indicating that the salinity may be high.The sample salinity is generally greater than 50 g?L~(-1) and the average salinity is 166 g?L~(-1) further explains that the water is not suitable for drinking.The ion composition and concentration,the"salinity classification"and"Sulin’s classification"together indicate that the water with high salinity is brine and it belongs to the CaCl_2 type.The comprehensive analysis of the Na/Cl factor(r Na~+/r Cl~-),Cl/Mg factor(r Cl~-/r Mg~(2+)),desulfurization factor(100×r/r Cl~-)and Mg/Ca factor(r Mg~(2+)/r Ca~(2+))show that the content of Cl~-and Ca~(2+)is relatively high,and the content of Na~+,Mg~(2+)and is low.Overall,the reduction reaction is complete and the formation water is in a closed environment.Conclusions The conclusions that can be drawn from the above results and discussion are as follows:the water can not serve as drinking water and the implement of CO_2 sequestration in Ma5_1 submember will not cause contamination to fresh water we live on;formation water of Ma5_1 submember is under a very strong reducing environment,which is very good for CO_2 sequestration and can greatly reduces the risk of CO_2 leakage;the ion with the highest content is Cl~-,and the second content is Ca~(2+),which can weaken the chemical reactions and help to generate CaCO_3 precipitation in the end,thus prolonging the CO_2 sequestration time and reducing the risk of CO_2 leaking.Recommendations and perspectives CO_2 sequestration is a comprehensive environment protection issue that involves the combination of geology and engineering.So,only studying the significance of formation water characteristics for CO_2 sequestration is far from enough.The industrial CO_2 sequestration still has many problems to deal with.For example,laboratory tests of CO_2 sequestration mechanisms;analysis on affecting factors of CO_2 geologic sequestration;blocks selection and evaluation for CO_2 sequestration;evaluation on sequestration potential of a region or layer;leakage risk assessment after CO_2 sequestration;improvement in public recognition and research of relevant laws and regulations.The process of CO_2 sequestration still has a long and hard way to go.
Background,aim,and scope Global warming caused by emission of greenhouse gases dominated by CO_2 has become a severe challenge to human being.Many measures have been taken to combat global warming all over the world.What is worth mentioning is the CO_2 geological sequestration,it is an effective and burgeoning measure to achieve carbon emission reduction.The CO_2 sequestration potential is very huge in Ordos Basin.So,in this paper the formation water characteristics in Ma5_1 submember of Majiagou formation are systematically studied,which is the precondition for further engineering design of CO_2 sequestration in Ordos Basin.Materials and methods Based on the direct observations and experimental tests of deep drilling samplings,the method of"single index classification evaluation and multiple index comprehensive evaluation"is adopted.The physical properties,chemical properties,formation water types and hydrochemical characteristic parameters of the Majiagou formation Ma5_1 submember are analyzed in detail.Results The results indicate that the pH of the water ranges from 3.5 to 8.6,mainly from 4.5 to 6.5;the water density ranges from 1.0 g?cm~(-3) to 1.5 g?cm~(-3),mostly 1.1—1.3 g?cm~(-3);the mineralization degree is generally greater than 50 g?L~(-1),and average mineralization degree is 166 g?L~(-1);the highest concentration ion is Cl~-,followed by Ca~(2+);the concentration order of the ions is r Cl~->r Ca~(2+)>r(Na~++K~+)>r Mg~(2+)>r>r,and the formation water is CaCl_2 type.The analysis results of water chemical characteristic parameters show that Na/Cl factor(r Na~+/r Cl~-)ranges from 0.18 to 0.55,0.34 on average;Cl/Mg factor(r Cl~-/r Mg~(2+))ranges from 11.04 to 165.16,32.11 on average;desulfurization factor(100×r/r Cl~-)ranges from 0 to 0.45,0.09 on average;Mg/Ca factor(r Mg~(2+)/r Ca~(2+))range from 0.01to 0.30,0.17 on average.Discussion Most samples have a pH of 4.5—6.5,which does not meet the drinking water standard(6.5—8.5).The density is generally 1.1—1.3 g?cm~(-3),indicating that the salinity may be high.The sample salinity is generally greater than 50 g?L~(-1) and the average salinity is 166 g?L~(-1) further explains that the water is not suitable for drinking.The ion composition and concentration,the"salinity classification"and"Sulin’s classification"together indicate that the water with high salinity is brine and it belongs to the CaCl_2 type.The comprehensive analysis of the Na/Cl factor(r Na~+/r Cl~-),Cl/Mg factor(r Cl~-/r Mg~(2+)),desulfurization factor(100×r/r Cl~-)and Mg/Ca factor(r Mg~(2+)/r Ca~(2+))show that the content of Cl~-and Ca~(2+)is relatively high,and the content of Na~+,Mg~(2+)and is low.Overall,the reduction reaction is complete and the formation water is in a closed environment.Conclusions The conclusions that can be drawn from the above results and discussion are as follows:the water can not serve as drinking water and the implement of CO_2 sequestration in Ma5_1 submember will not cause contamination to fresh water we live on;formation water of Ma5_1 submember is under a very strong reducing environment,which is very good for CO_2 sequestration and can greatly reduces the risk of CO_2 leakage;the ion with the highest content is Cl~-,and the second content is Ca~(2+),which can weaken the chemical reactions and help to generate CaCO_3 precipitation in the end,thus prolonging the CO_2 sequestration time and reducing the risk of CO_2 leaking.Recommendations and perspectives CO_2 sequestration is a comprehensive environment protection issue that involves the combination of geology and engineering.So,only studying the significance of formation water characteristics for CO_2 sequestration is far from enough.The industrial CO_2 sequestration still has many problems to deal with.For example,laboratory tests of CO_2 sequestration mechanisms;analysis on affecting factors of CO_2 geologic sequestration;blocks selection and evaluation for CO_2 sequestration;evaluation on sequestration potential of a region or layer;leakage risk assessment after CO_2 sequestration;improvement in public recognition and research of relevant laws and regulations.The process of CO_2 sequestration still has a long and hard way to go.
引文
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雷卞军,卢涛,王东旭,等.2010.靖边气田马五1-4亚段沉积微相和成岩作用研究[J].沉积学报,28(6):1153-1164.[Lei B J,Lu T,Wang D X,et al.2010.Research on the sedimentary microfacies and diageneses of Ma51-4 submember in Jingbian Gas Field[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(6):1153-1164.]
李贤庆,侯读杰,胡国艺,等.2002a.鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系地层水有机组分特征[J].石油与天然气地质,23(1):26-29.[Li X Q,Hou D J,Hu G Y,et al.2002a.Characteristics of organic compositions in formation waters from central Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,23(1):26-29.]
李贤庆,侯读杰,柳常青,等.2001.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系地层水与水溶气的地球化学特征[J].断块油气田,8(3):1-5.[Li X Q,Hou D J,Liu C Q,et al.2001.The geochemistry characteristics of Ordovician formation water and dissolved gas of central gas field in Erdos Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,8(3):1-5.]
李贤庆,侯读杰,唐友军,等.2002b.地层流体化学成分与天然气藏的关系初探--以鄂尔多斯盆地中部大气田为例[J].断块油气田,9(5):1-4.[Li X Q,Hou D J,Tang Y J,et al.2002b.The preliminary discussion on relationships between chemical compositions of formation fluid and natural gas reservoirs-a case study of central large gas field in Erdos Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,9(5):1-4.]
王起琮,赵淑萍,魏钦廉,等.2012.鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马家沟组海相碳酸盐岩储集层特征[J].古地理学报,14(2):229-242.[Wang Q C,Zhao S P,Wei Q L,et al.2012.Marine carbonate reservoir characteristics of the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,14(2):229-242.]
徐国盛,宋焕荣,周文.2000.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田水化学条件与天然气聚集[J].石油实验地质,22(4):330-335.[Xu G S,Song H R,Zhou W.2000.Hydrochemical conditions and natural gas accumulation in the middle part gasfield of the Ordos Basin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,22(4):330-335.]
于红岩,魏丽,秦晓艳,等.2016.鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系马家沟组气水分布及成因[J].石油勘探与开发,43(3):396-402.[Yu H Y,Wei L,Qin X Y,et al.2016.Gas and water distribution of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in northwest of Ordos Basin,NWChina[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(3):396-402.]
张治波,黄敬,李丽荣,等.2017.油田水分类方法及应用的研究进展[J].能源研究与管理,(2):21-23.[Zhang Z B,Huang J,Li L R,et al.2017.Research progress of oil field water classification method and application[J].Energy Research and Management,(2):21-23.]
赵卫卫,王秀娟,杨兆林,等.2012.苏里格地区下古生界马家沟组地层水化学特征与天然气聚集关系[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),27(1):35-41.[Zhao W W,Wang X J,Yang Z L,et al.2012.Relationship between hydrochemical characteristics of Majiagou formation water in Lower Paleozoic in Sulige region and natural gas accumulation[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),27(1):35-41.]
Aminu M D,Nabavi S A,Rochelle C A,et al.2017.A review of developments in carbon dioxide storage[J].Applied Energy,208:1389-1419.
Bachu S.2000.Sequestration of CO2 in geological media:criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change[J].Energy Conversion&Management,41(9):953-970.
Bachu S.2015.Review of CO2 storage efficiency in deep saline aquifers[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,40:188-202.
Bethke C M,Reed J D,Oltz D F.1991.Long-range petroleum migration in the Illinois Basin[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,75(5):925-945.
Li L,Zhao N,Wei W,et al.2013.A review of research progress on CO2 capture,storage,and utilization in Chinese Academy of Sciences[J].Fuel,108(11):112-130.
Li Q,Wei Y N,Liu G Z,et al.2014.Combination of CO2geological storage with deep saline water recovery in western China:insights from numerical analyses[J].Applied Energy,116(3):101-110.
Underschultz J,Dodds K,Michael K,et al.2016.Carbon capture and storage[M]//Devasahayam S,Dowling K,Mahapatra M K.Sustainability in the mineral and energy sectors.Boca Raton:CRC Press:437-452.
郭刚.2006.鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田陕155井区下奥陶统马家沟组马五储层水体分布规律研究[J].天然气地球科学,17(6):789-793.[Guo G.2006.Study of regularities of distribution of water body in Ma5 reservoir of Majiagou formation of Lower Ordovician in Shan155 well field of Jingbian Gas Field in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,17(6):789-793.]
何小曲,康妮.2017.油田水资料在油气勘探与开发中的应用[J].产业与科技论坛,16(9):93-94.[He X Q,Kang N.2017.The application of water resources in oil and gas exploration and development[J].Industrial&Science Tribune,16(9):93-94.]
侯方浩,方少仙,董兆雄,等.2003.鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马家沟组沉积环境与岩相发育特征[J].沉积学报,21(1):106-112.[Hou F H,Fang S X,Dong Z X,et al.2003.The developmental characters of sedimentary environments and lithofacies of Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,21(1):106-112.]
侯方浩,方少仙,何江,等.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田区中奥陶统马家沟组五1-五4亚段古岩溶型储层分布特征及综合评价[J].海相油气地质,16(1):1-13.[Hou F H,Fang S X,He J,et al.2011.Distribution characters and comprehensive evaluation of Middle Ordovician Majiagou submembers reservoirs in Jingbian gas field area,Ordos Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,16(1):1-13.]
柯林斯A G.1984.油田水地球化学[M].林文庄,王秉忱,译.北京:石油工业出版社.[Gollins A G.1984.Geochemistry of oilfield waters[M].Lin W Z,Wang B C,translated.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.]
雷卞军,卢涛,王东旭,等.2010.靖边气田马五1-4亚段沉积微相和成岩作用研究[J].沉积学报,28(6):1153-1164.[Lei B J,Lu T,Wang D X,et al.2010.Research on the sedimentary microfacies and diageneses of Ma51-4 submember in Jingbian Gas Field[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(6):1153-1164.]
李贤庆,侯读杰,胡国艺,等.2002a.鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系地层水有机组分特征[J].石油与天然气地质,23(1):26-29.[Li X Q,Hou D J,Hu G Y,et al.2002a.Characteristics of organic compositions in formation waters from central Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,23(1):26-29.]
李贤庆,侯读杰,柳常青,等.2001.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系地层水与水溶气的地球化学特征[J].断块油气田,8(3):1-5.[Li X Q,Hou D J,Liu C Q,et al.2001.The geochemistry characteristics of Ordovician formation water and dissolved gas of central gas field in Erdos Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,8(3):1-5.]
李贤庆,侯读杰,唐友军,等.2002b.地层流体化学成分与天然气藏的关系初探--以鄂尔多斯盆地中部大气田为例[J].断块油气田,9(5):1-4.[Li X Q,Hou D J,Tang Y J,et al.2002b.The preliminary discussion on relationships between chemical compositions of formation fluid and natural gas reservoirs-a case study of central large gas field in Erdos Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,9(5):1-4.]
王起琮,赵淑萍,魏钦廉,等.2012.鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马家沟组海相碳酸盐岩储集层特征[J].古地理学报,14(2):229-242.[Wang Q C,Zhao S P,Wei Q L,et al.2012.Marine carbonate reservoir characteristics of the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,14(2):229-242.]
徐国盛,宋焕荣,周文.2000.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田水化学条件与天然气聚集[J].石油实验地质,22(4):330-335.[Xu G S,Song H R,Zhou W.2000.Hydrochemical conditions and natural gas accumulation in the middle part gasfield of the Ordos Basin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,22(4):330-335.]
于红岩,魏丽,秦晓艳,等.2016.鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系马家沟组气水分布及成因[J].石油勘探与开发,43(3):396-402.[Yu H Y,Wei L,Qin X Y,et al.2016.Gas and water distribution of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in northwest of Ordos Basin,NWChina[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(3):396-402.]
张治波,黄敬,李丽荣,等.2017.油田水分类方法及应用的研究进展[J].能源研究与管理,(2):21-23.[Zhang Z B,Huang J,Li L R,et al.2017.Research progress of oil field water classification method and application[J].Energy Research and Management,(2):21-23.]
赵卫卫,王秀娟,杨兆林,等.2012.苏里格地区下古生界马家沟组地层水化学特征与天然气聚集关系[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),27(1):35-41.[Zhao W W,Wang X J,Yang Z L,et al.2012.Relationship between hydrochemical characteristics of Majiagou formation water in Lower Paleozoic in Sulige region and natural gas accumulation[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),27(1):35-41.]
Aminu M D,Nabavi S A,Rochelle C A,et al.2017.A review of developments in carbon dioxide storage[J].Applied Energy,208:1389-1419.
Bachu S.2000.Sequestration of CO2 in geological media:criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change[J].Energy Conversion&Management,41(9):953-970.
Bachu S.2015.Review of CO2 storage efficiency in deep saline aquifers[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,40:188-202.
Bethke C M,Reed J D,Oltz D F.1991.Long-range petroleum migration in the Illinois Basin[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,75(5):925-945.
Li L,Zhao N,Wei W,et al.2013.A review of research progress on CO2 capture,storage,and utilization in Chinese Academy of Sciences[J].Fuel,108(11):112-130.
Li Q,Wei Y N,Liu G Z,et al.2014.Combination of CO2geological storage with deep saline water recovery in western China:insights from numerical analyses[J].Applied Energy,116(3):101-110.
Underschultz J,Dodds K,Michael K,et al.2016.Carbon capture and storage[M]//Devasahayam S,Dowling K,Mahapatra M K.Sustainability in the mineral and energy sectors.Boca Raton:CRC Press:437-452.
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