深层页岩气开发工程技术进展
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摘要
深层页岩气储层埋藏深、地应力大、岩石强度高、塑性强,导致钻井速度低、周期长,压裂复杂裂缝程度低,改造体积小,极大制约了深层页岩气的经济有效开发。鉴于此,针对我国特殊的页岩储层地质条件,围绕深层页岩气的有效开发重大工程技术难题,开展了基础理论方法探索、核心工具研发、液体材料体系开发以及关键工艺技术研究等攻关,并取得了重大技术进展,初步形成了3500～4500 m深层页岩气开发工程技术体系。在四川盆地涪陵江东和平桥区块、威荣、永川、丁山等地区应用了近80口井,钻井周期缩短了29.8%,测试产量达到(10～25)×104 m3/d,基本实现了深层页岩气的经济有效开发。
The pay zone of deep shale gas usually has high strength and strong plasticity due to the large burial depth and the high level of in-situ geostress. Such geological conditions result in not only a low rate of penetration(ROP) and long drilling period for the drilling engineering, but also a low complexity of the fracture network and a small stimulated reservoir volume(SRV) from the fracturing. These greatly limit the economical and effective development of deep shale gas. Concerning the major engineering technical problems of the effective development of deep shale gas, research focusing on basic theory and methods, essential tools, liquid material system, and key techniques was carried out considering the special geological conditions of shale gas in China. Through this technical research, great technology progress has been achieved, and the engineering technical system for deep shale gas at the depth of 3500～4500 m has initially formed. These technologies were adopted for nearly eighty wells in the Fuling Jiangdong and Pingqiao blocks in the Sichuan basin, Rongwei, Yongchuan, Dingshan and other areas. The drilling time decreased by 30%, and the test production reaches(10～25)×104 m3 per day, which basically realizes the economical and effective development of deep shale gas.
The pay zone of deep shale gas usually has high strength and strong plasticity due to the large burial depth and the high level of in-situ geostress. Such geological conditions result in not only a low rate of penetration(ROP) and long drilling period for the drilling engineering, but also a low complexity of the fracture network and a small stimulated reservoir volume(SRV) from the fracturing. These greatly limit the economical and effective development of deep shale gas. Concerning the major engineering technical problems of the effective development of deep shale gas, research focusing on basic theory and methods, essential tools, liquid material system, and key techniques was carried out considering the special geological conditions of shale gas in China. Through this technical research, great technology progress has been achieved, and the engineering technical system for deep shale gas at the depth of 3500～4500 m has initially formed. These technologies were adopted for nearly eighty wells in the Fuling Jiangdong and Pingqiao blocks in the Sichuan basin, Rongwei, Yongchuan, Dingshan and other areas. The drilling time decreased by 30%, and the test production reaches(10～25)×104 m3 per day, which basically realizes the economical and effective development of deep shale gas.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准. DZ/T0254-2014页岩气资源储量计算与评价技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社.[People’s Republic of China Geological and Mineral Industry Standard. Regulation of shale gas resources/reserves estimation[S], DZ/T0254-2014. Regulation of shale gas resources/reserves estimation[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press.]
[2]蒋廷学,卞晓冰,王海涛,等.深层页岩气水平井体积压裂技术[J].天然气工业, 2017, 37(1):90-96[JIANG T X, BIAN X B,WANGH T, et al. Volume fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal wells[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017, 37(1):90-96.]
[3]路保平.中国石化页岩气工程技术进步及展望[J].石油钻探技术, 2013, 41(5):1-8.[LU B P.. Sinopec engineering technical advance and its developing tendency in shale gas[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2013, 41(5):1-8.]
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[5]臧艳彬.川东南地区深层页岩气钻井关键技术[J].石油钻探技术, 2018, 46(3):7-12.[ZANG Y B. Key drilling technology for deep shale gas reservoirs in the southeastern Sichuan Region[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2018, 46(3):7-12]
[6]艾军,张金成,臧艳彬,等.涪陵页岩气田钻井关键技术[J].石油钻探技术.2014, 42(5)9-14.[AI J, ZHANG J C, ZANG Y B, et al.The key drilling technologies in Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014, 42(5):9-15.]
[7] POPE C, PETERS B, BENTON T, PALISCH T. Haynesville shale-one operator’s approach to well completions in this evolving play[C]//SPE 125079-MS, 4-7 October, 2009, Louisiana, USA.
[8] WOOD D D, SCHMIT B E, RIGGINS L, JOHNSON B J, TALLEY C A. Cana Woodford stimulation practices-A case history[C]//SPE143960-MS, 14-16 June, 2011, Texas, USA.
[9]杨金华,田洪亮,郭晓霞,等.美国页岩气水平井钻井提速提效案例与启示[J].石油科技论坛.2013, 32(6):44-48.[YANG J H,TIAN H L, GUO X X, et al. Improvement of drilling speed and efficiency of US shale gas horizontal well[J]. Oil Forum. 2013, 32(6):44-48]
[10]许京国,陶瑞东,郑智冬,等.牙轮-PDC混合钻头在迪北103井的应用试验[J].天然气工业, 2014, 34(10):71-74.[XU J G, GUO R D, ZHENG Z D, et al. Pilot test of a roll-PDC hybrid bit in Well Dibei 103, Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(10):71-74]
[11]王显光,李雄,林永学.页岩水平井用高性能油基钻井液研究与应用[J].石油钻探技术, 2013, 41(2):17-22.[WANG X G, LI X, LIN Y T. Research and application of high performance oil base drilling fluid for shale horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2013, 41(2):17-22].
[12]刘伟,陶谦,丁士东.页岩气水平井固井技术难点分析与对策[J].石油钻采工艺, 2012, 34(3):40-43.[LIU W, TAO Q, DING S D.Difficulties and countermeasures for cementing technology of salle gas horizontal well[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2012,34(3):40-43.]
[13]肖京南,刘建,桑来玉,等.充气泡沫水泥浆固井技术在焦页9井的应用[J].断块油气田, 2016, 23(6):835-837.[XIAO J N, LIU J,SANG L Y, et al. Application of foamed cement slurry to Jiaoye-9 well[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2016, 23(6):835-837]
[14]蒋廷学,卞晓冰.页岩气储层评价新技术—甜度评价方法[J].石油钻探技术, 2016, 44(04):1-6.[JIANG T X, BIAN X B. The novel technology of shale gas play evaluation——sweetness calculation method[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2016, 44(4):1-6]
[15] JIANG T X, ZHOU D H, JIA C G, et al. The study and application of multi-stage fracturing technology of horizontal wells to maximize ESRV in the exploration&development of fuling shale gas play[C]. SPE 181797, 22-26 October, 2017, Beijing, China.
[2]蒋廷学,卞晓冰,王海涛,等.深层页岩气水平井体积压裂技术[J].天然气工业, 2017, 37(1):90-96[JIANG T X, BIAN X B,WANGH T, et al. Volume fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal wells[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017, 37(1):90-96.]
[3]路保平.中国石化页岩气工程技术进步及展望[J].石油钻探技术, 2013, 41(5):1-8.[LU B P.. Sinopec engineering technical advance and its developing tendency in shale gas[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2013, 41(5):1-8.]
[4]曾义金.页岩气开发的地质与工程一体化技术[J].石油钻探技术, 2014, 42(1):1-6.[ZENG Y J. Integration technology of geology&engineering for shale gas development[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014, 42(1):1-6.]
[5]臧艳彬.川东南地区深层页岩气钻井关键技术[J].石油钻探技术, 2018, 46(3):7-12.[ZANG Y B. Key drilling technology for deep shale gas reservoirs in the southeastern Sichuan Region[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2018, 46(3):7-12]
[6]艾军,张金成,臧艳彬,等.涪陵页岩气田钻井关键技术[J].石油钻探技术.2014, 42(5)9-14.[AI J, ZHANG J C, ZANG Y B, et al.The key drilling technologies in Fuling Shale Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014, 42(5):9-15.]
[7] POPE C, PETERS B, BENTON T, PALISCH T. Haynesville shale-one operator’s approach to well completions in this evolving play[C]//SPE 125079-MS, 4-7 October, 2009, Louisiana, USA.
[8] WOOD D D, SCHMIT B E, RIGGINS L, JOHNSON B J, TALLEY C A. Cana Woodford stimulation practices-A case history[C]//SPE143960-MS, 14-16 June, 2011, Texas, USA.
[9]杨金华,田洪亮,郭晓霞,等.美国页岩气水平井钻井提速提效案例与启示[J].石油科技论坛.2013, 32(6):44-48.[YANG J H,TIAN H L, GUO X X, et al. Improvement of drilling speed and efficiency of US shale gas horizontal well[J]. Oil Forum. 2013, 32(6):44-48]
[10]许京国,陶瑞东,郑智冬,等.牙轮-PDC混合钻头在迪北103井的应用试验[J].天然气工业, 2014, 34(10):71-74.[XU J G, GUO R D, ZHENG Z D, et al. Pilot test of a roll-PDC hybrid bit in Well Dibei 103, Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(10):71-74]
[11]王显光,李雄,林永学.页岩水平井用高性能油基钻井液研究与应用[J].石油钻探技术, 2013, 41(2):17-22.[WANG X G, LI X, LIN Y T. Research and application of high performance oil base drilling fluid for shale horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2013, 41(2):17-22].
[12]刘伟,陶谦,丁士东.页岩气水平井固井技术难点分析与对策[J].石油钻采工艺, 2012, 34(3):40-43.[LIU W, TAO Q, DING S D.Difficulties and countermeasures for cementing technology of salle gas horizontal well[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2012,34(3):40-43.]
[13]肖京南,刘建,桑来玉,等.充气泡沫水泥浆固井技术在焦页9井的应用[J].断块油气田, 2016, 23(6):835-837.[XIAO J N, LIU J,SANG L Y, et al. Application of foamed cement slurry to Jiaoye-9 well[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2016, 23(6):835-837]
[14]蒋廷学,卞晓冰.页岩气储层评价新技术—甜度评价方法[J].石油钻探技术, 2016, 44(04):1-6.[JIANG T X, BIAN X B. The novel technology of shale gas play evaluation——sweetness calculation method[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2016, 44(4):1-6]
[15] JIANG T X, ZHOU D H, JIA C G, et al. The study and application of multi-stage fracturing technology of horizontal wells to maximize ESRV in the exploration&development of fuling shale gas play[C]. SPE 181797, 22-26 October, 2017, Beijing, China.
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