基于动力学监测指标的崩塌早期预警研究进展
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摘要
崩塌灾害的早期预警一直是岩土工程领域研究的热点问题之一.传统的监测预警方法监测指标相对单一,更多关注于加速破坏前兆的识别,使得崩塌的早期预警存在诸多困难.本文首先引入动力学监测指标,对岩土体破坏过程中的动力响应进行综述,得出基于固有振动频率等动力学监测指标可以为危岩体的损伤提供数据支持.随后基于最新的实验研究发现动力学监测指标可以有效反应边坡的物理力学特征的变化,进而可以实现岩体损伤与稳定性的动态识别和定量判断.在对国内外现状进行综述发现,基于分离阶段破坏前兆识别的岩块体崩塌灾害预警思路,具有更好的时效性,是未来崩塌早期预警的发展方向,同时对崩塌的早期预警指标体系进行展望,得出基于动力学指标、静力学指标和环境量指标三位一体的早期监测预警指标体系,必将在工程监测与灾害预警方面发挥更大潜力,为从事应对崩塌等脆性破坏灾害预警预防的研究工作者提供有效参考.
Early warning of rock collapse is one of the hot issues in the field of geotechnical engineering. The traditional monitoring and early warning methods of monitoring indicators are relatively uniform,with more attention being paid to the identification of accelerated damage precursors,which means that the early warning of collapse disasters has many inherent difficulties. In fact,rockblock collapse is caused by the dynamic failure of system instability,so it can be more effective to apply kinetic monitoring indicators to realize more scientific early warnings. In this paper,dynamic monitoring indexes were introduced to summarize the dynamic responses of rock and soil failure processes. A dynamic monitoring index based on natural vibration frequency can provide data for detecting damage in a dangerous rock mass. Based on the latest experimental research,it is concluded that the dynamic monitoring index can effectively reflect changes in physical and mechanical characteristics,and thus,can be used to dynamically and quantitatively analyze the damage and stability of a rock mass. A review of the literature on the current development of this field in China and abroad indicates that the early warning method of rock mass collapse disaster based on precursor failure identification in the detachment phase has better timeliness and will also to prove be more useful in future. Meanwhile,the development of an early warning index system of collapse is forecasted. An early monitoring and early warning index system based on dynamic,static,and environmental quantity indexes has greater potential for effective engineering monitoring and disaster warning. However,this new early warning method and its tripartite early warning indicator system offers a foundation for better responses to rock collapse in high-risk regions,and thus can improve the current passive prevention approach of rock-block monitoring and reduce the casualties and property losses that follow instantaneous rock collapse. This paper provides an effective reference for researchers studying early warning systems and the prevention of brittle damage disasters such as collapse.
Early warning of rock collapse is one of the hot issues in the field of geotechnical engineering. The traditional monitoring and early warning methods of monitoring indicators are relatively uniform,with more attention being paid to the identification of accelerated damage precursors,which means that the early warning of collapse disasters has many inherent difficulties. In fact,rockblock collapse is caused by the dynamic failure of system instability,so it can be more effective to apply kinetic monitoring indicators to realize more scientific early warnings. In this paper,dynamic monitoring indexes were introduced to summarize the dynamic responses of rock and soil failure processes. A dynamic monitoring index based on natural vibration frequency can provide data for detecting damage in a dangerous rock mass. Based on the latest experimental research,it is concluded that the dynamic monitoring index can effectively reflect changes in physical and mechanical characteristics,and thus,can be used to dynamically and quantitatively analyze the damage and stability of a rock mass. A review of the literature on the current development of this field in China and abroad indicates that the early warning method of rock mass collapse disaster based on precursor failure identification in the detachment phase has better timeliness and will also to prove be more useful in future. Meanwhile,the development of an early warning index system of collapse is forecasted. An early monitoring and early warning index system based on dynamic,static,and environmental quantity indexes has greater potential for effective engineering monitoring and disaster warning. However,this new early warning method and its tripartite early warning indicator system offers a foundation for better responses to rock collapse in high-risk regions,and thus can improve the current passive prevention approach of rock-block monitoring and reduce the casualties and property losses that follow instantaneous rock collapse. This paper provides an effective reference for researchers studying early warning systems and the prevention of brittle damage disasters such as collapse.
引文
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[17] Stead D,Eberhardt E,Coggan J S. Developments in the characterization of complex rock slope deformation and failure using numerical modelling techniques. Eng Geol,2006,83(1-3):217
[18] Chen W,Xu Z M,Liu W L. Mechanical model and failure mechanism of unstable cantilevered rock blocks due to differential weathering. Rock Soil Mech,2015,36(1):195(陈维,徐则民,刘文连.差异风化型危岩力学模型及破坏机制研究.岩土力学,2015,36(1):195)
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