新疆北山早二叠世岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床综合信息勘查模式
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摘要
新疆北山发育有20～30个产于晚古生代北山裂谷带中的早二叠世超基性岩岩体。自2008年以来在坡北基性-超基性杂岩体中发现坡一大型镍矿床和坡十中型镍矿床。利用本项目资料结合前人研究成果,文章从构造、岩体基本特征、围岩条件、矿物学特征、化探异常特征、地球物理参数等多个方面总结了含矿岩体(相)与非含矿岩体(相)的区别。研究发现新疆北山铜镍矿矿床受深大断裂控制,多产于深大断裂一侧的次级断裂中。在预查阶段或预查以前,可以首先利用1∶20万和1∶5万勘查地球化学数据,对Cu、Ni、Co、Cr异常区进行调查研究,同时辅以ETM遥感线环解译、1∶5万航磁资料的化极和向上延拓图(关注高磁异常)和1∶5万重力资料的布格重力异常(关注△GB>-142×10 g.u的区域)来圈定区域上的基性超基性岩体。地表的孔雀石蚀变、黄钾铁矾和镍华是寻找铜镍矿的重要线索。在普查阶段,若存在纯橄岩且岩相分异良好的杂岩体,则更有可能发现铜镍矿。同一地区,具有高Cr尖晶石且尖晶石Fe3+/∑Fe<0.3的基性-超基性杂岩体,成铜镍矿的潜力更大;含最超基性或接近最超基性的岩相的岩体成铜镍矿的可能性更大;含有高Fo、高NiO、低FeO*、低CaO、低TiO2的橄榄石且低Fe、Ca含量辉石的岩相是铜镍矿勘查的优选岩相。围岩有硫化物、硫酸盐或石墨层的超基性岩体的成矿潜力要大于围岩为无硫化物方解石大理岩的超基性岩体的成矿潜力。在此基础上,瞬变电磁(TEM)方法获得的瞬变响应感应电动势的垂直分量DBz/Dt(>1.2)数据和可控源声频大地电磁可以用来推断深部超基性岩体的分布,是深部验证的重要依据。三维磁化率反演可以为矿区的定位预测或确定超基性岩体的延伸情况提供一定的依据。井中磁测可以作为防止漏矿的一种补充方法。在详查阶段,通过精细钻孔编录和三维软件查明矿体的空间展布趋势规律可为定位预测提供依据。文章总结了针对新疆北山地区铜镍硫化物矿床的综合信息勘查模型和勘查策略,并对硫化物饱和机制进行了探讨。
The Pobei ultrabasic rock belt is located in the northeast of the Tarim plate along the Beishan rift zone,where nearly 30 early Permian ultrabasic rocks have been found; among them, Poyi is a large nickel deposit. The summary of exploration regularity for the known deposits will benefit the evaluation of surrounding ultramafic rock masses. Deep fault is the necessary condition for copper and nickel deposits; nevertheless, the large orebodies are not located in the deep fault, but lie on one side of the fault. 1∶20 000 and 1∶50 000 exploration geochemistry data can be used to find the Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr anomalies and, in addition, wire-ring interpretation by ETM remote sensing, 1∶50 000 aeromagnetic anomaly diagrams that have been transformed to geomagnetic pole(focus on high magnetic anomaly), Bouguer 1∶50 000 gravity anomaly(focus on △GB>-142×10 g.u area) and upward continuation diagram of 1∶50 000 gravity and magnetic data can be used to outline the regional metallogenic targets. Malachite alteration, annabergite, and jarosite are important clues to copper-nickel ore deposits. During the general investigation stage, the complex with dunite and well-differentiated lithofacies has better potential in Cu-Ni mineralization. In the working area, the mafic-ultramafic complexes with high Cr spinel and with the spinel whose Fe3+/∑Fe is lower than 0.3 have greater potential for copper-nickel ore deposits. The lithofacies with olivine that has higher MgO, NiO and low FeO, MnO, CaO content and with pyroxene that has lower Ca and Fe content is favorable for Cu-Ni mineralization. The sulfide, sulfate or graphite in the surrounding rocks could promote sulfide saturation in the mafic-ultramafic rocks, whereas the calcareous-marble without sulfide will hinder sulfide saturation. According to the above information, the vertical component of the transient electromotive force response(DBz/Dt>1.2) and controllable source audio frequency magnetotelluric(CSAMT)methods could be used to infer the distribution of ultramafic lithofacies. Three-dimensional magnetic data inversion can guide the positioning prediction for ore or ultramafic lithofacies in the mining area in some degrees. Magnetic measurement in drilling core can be used as a supplementary method to prevent missing of ore. At the detailed investigation stage, based on the detailed drilling cataloging and 3 D software(Voxler3.0 or Surpac), researchers can find out the spatial distribution trend of the ore body. Finally, this paper provides a comprehensive information prospecting model for magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits in Beishan area of Xinjiang.
The Pobei ultrabasic rock belt is located in the northeast of the Tarim plate along the Beishan rift zone,where nearly 30 early Permian ultrabasic rocks have been found; among them, Poyi is a large nickel deposit. The summary of exploration regularity for the known deposits will benefit the evaluation of surrounding ultramafic rock masses. Deep fault is the necessary condition for copper and nickel deposits; nevertheless, the large orebodies are not located in the deep fault, but lie on one side of the fault. 1∶20 000 and 1∶50 000 exploration geochemistry data can be used to find the Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr anomalies and, in addition, wire-ring interpretation by ETM remote sensing, 1∶50 000 aeromagnetic anomaly diagrams that have been transformed to geomagnetic pole(focus on high magnetic anomaly), Bouguer 1∶50 000 gravity anomaly(focus on △GB>-142×10 g.u area) and upward continuation diagram of 1∶50 000 gravity and magnetic data can be used to outline the regional metallogenic targets. Malachite alteration, annabergite, and jarosite are important clues to copper-nickel ore deposits. During the general investigation stage, the complex with dunite and well-differentiated lithofacies has better potential in Cu-Ni mineralization. In the working area, the mafic-ultramafic complexes with high Cr spinel and with the spinel whose Fe3+/∑Fe is lower than 0.3 have greater potential for copper-nickel ore deposits. The lithofacies with olivine that has higher MgO, NiO and low FeO, MnO, CaO content and with pyroxene that has lower Ca and Fe content is favorable for Cu-Ni mineralization. The sulfide, sulfate or graphite in the surrounding rocks could promote sulfide saturation in the mafic-ultramafic rocks, whereas the calcareous-marble without sulfide will hinder sulfide saturation. According to the above information, the vertical component of the transient electromotive force response(DBz/Dt>1.2) and controllable source audio frequency magnetotelluric(CSAMT)methods could be used to infer the distribution of ultramafic lithofacies. Three-dimensional magnetic data inversion can guide the positioning prediction for ore or ultramafic lithofacies in the mining area in some degrees. Magnetic measurement in drilling core can be used as a supplementary method to prevent missing of ore. At the detailed investigation stage, based on the detailed drilling cataloging and 3 D software(Voxler3.0 or Surpac), researchers can find out the spatial distribution trend of the ore body. Finally, this paper provides a comprehensive information prospecting model for magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits in Beishan area of Xinjiang.
引文
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