川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩纹层特征及其储集意义
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摘要
以四川盆地南部长宁双河剖面五峰组—龙马溪组为例,通过常规标准薄片及大薄片镜下观察、X射线衍射全岩分析、TOC及物性测试等方法,对黑色页岩纹层特征及储层物性和可压裂性进行了研究。结果表明,五峰组—龙马溪组纹层具有富硅质纹层、富钙质纹层及富黏土纹层三种类型,主要呈板状、断续、平行等几何形态,以毫米级纹层为主,富硅质纹层发育大量天然微裂缝。通过组合叠置可形成硅质—黏土纹层组合和碳酸盐—黏土纹层组合,其中硅质—黏土纹层组合物性和可压裂性均优于碳酸盐—黏土纹层组合。五峰组以碳酸盐—黏土纹层组合为主,天然裂缝整体不发育,由底至顶, TOC值逐渐增加,至观音桥段TOC值下降,物性变差;龙马溪组LM1-LM5以硅质—黏土纹层组合为主,低角度裂缝发育,由底至顶,逐渐过渡为碳酸盐—黏土纹层组合, TOC值降低,物性变差。
Taking the black shale of the Wufeng to Longmaxi formations in the Changning-shuanghe section as an example, the laminae features, reservoir properties and the fracability are researched through petrological methods such as petrographic microscopic observations on standard-size thin sections(48 mm × 26 mm) and larger polished thin sections(76 mm × 48 mm), X-ray diffraction whole rock mineral analysis, TOC contents test and the property analysis of porosity and permeability. The results of the study show that Wufeng-Longmaxi shale develops three types of lamina: silica-rich lamina, carbonate-rich lamina and clay-rich lamina. Within their relatively small lateral extent, laminae mainly present as planar, discontinuous and parallel.The thickness of laminae ranges from 0.08 mm to 2.2 mm. Silica-rich laminae develop natural fracture. There are two types of laminaset: silica-clay laminaset and carbonate-clay laminaset, the reservoir property and fracability of silica-clay laminasets are better than carbonate-clay laminasets. From the bottom to the top,Wufeng Formation mainly consists of carbonate-clay laminasets, lacks of natural fracture and has the decreasing TOC contents and worsening reservoir property. LM1-LM5 mainly consists of silica-clay laminasets, develops dip-angle fractures, gradually transits from silica-clay laminasets to carbonate-clay laminasets and has decreasing TOC contents and worsening reservoir property.
Taking the black shale of the Wufeng to Longmaxi formations in the Changning-shuanghe section as an example, the laminae features, reservoir properties and the fracability are researched through petrological methods such as petrographic microscopic observations on standard-size thin sections(48 mm × 26 mm) and larger polished thin sections(76 mm × 48 mm), X-ray diffraction whole rock mineral analysis, TOC contents test and the property analysis of porosity and permeability. The results of the study show that Wufeng-Longmaxi shale develops three types of lamina: silica-rich lamina, carbonate-rich lamina and clay-rich lamina. Within their relatively small lateral extent, laminae mainly present as planar, discontinuous and parallel.The thickness of laminae ranges from 0.08 mm to 2.2 mm. Silica-rich laminae develop natural fracture. There are two types of laminaset: silica-clay laminaset and carbonate-clay laminaset, the reservoir property and fracability of silica-clay laminasets are better than carbonate-clay laminasets. From the bottom to the top,Wufeng Formation mainly consists of carbonate-clay laminasets, lacks of natural fracture and has the decreasing TOC contents and worsening reservoir property. LM1-LM5 mainly consists of silica-clay laminasets, develops dip-angle fractures, gradually transits from silica-clay laminasets to carbonate-clay laminasets and has decreasing TOC contents and worsening reservoir property.
引文
程明,罗晓容,雷裕红,王香增,俞雨溪,张丽霞,姜呈馥,孙兵华,张立宽.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地张家滩页岩粉砂质夹层/纹层分布、分形特征和估算方法研究.天然气地球科学,26(5):845-854.
陈世悦,张顺,刘惠民,鄢继华.2017.湖相深水细粒物质的混合沉积作用探讨.古地理学报,19(2):271-284.
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郭岭,封从军,郭峰.2016.细粒岩储层沉积环境与沉积相-以四川盆地东南部龙马溪组为例.北京:中国石化出版社.1-213.
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姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,张建国,张文昭,王永诗,刘惠民,陈祥.2013.含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题.石油学报,34(6):1031-1039.
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李婷婷,朱如凯,白斌,王崇孝,李铁峰.2015.酒泉盆地青西凹陷下沟组湖相细粒沉积岩纹层特征及研究意义.中国石油勘探,20(1):38-47.
李亚丁.2017.长宁区块下古生界龙马溪及筇竹寺组页岩储层特征研究及评价[硕士学位论文].成都:西南石油大学.1-89.
刘传联,徐金鲤,汪品先.2001.藻类勃发-湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制.地质论评,47(2):207-210.
刘国恒,黄志龙,姜振学,陈践发,陈常超,高潇玉.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖相页岩纹层发育特征及储集意义.天然气地球科学,26(3):408-417.
柳波,吕延防,孟元林,李新宁,郭小波,马强,赵万春.2015.湖相纹层状细粒岩特征、成因模式及其页岩油意义--以三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例.石油勘探与开发,42(5):598-607.
施振生,邱振,董大忠,卢斌,梁萍萍,张梦琪.2018.四川盆地巫溪2井龙马溪组含气页岩细粒沉积纹层特征.石油勘探与开发,45(2):339-348.
时志强,曾德勇,熊兆军,张华,赵安坤.2010.三叠纪巨型季风在上扬子地区的沉积学记录.矿物岩石地球化学通报,29(2):164-172.
唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,张滨海,蒋时馨.2012.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法.地学前缘,19(5):356-363.
王超,石万忠,张晓明,徐壮,袁琪,肖丹.2017.页岩储层裂缝系统综合评价及其对页岩气渗流和聚集的影响.油气地质与采收率,24(1):50-56.
王冠民,钟建华.2004.湖泊纹层的沉积机理研究评述与展望.岩石矿物学杂志,23(1):43-48.
王冠民.2012.济阳坳陷古近系页岩的纹层组合及成因分类.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),242(3):666-680.
王慧中,梅洪明.1998.东营凹陷沙三下亚段油页岩中古湖泊学信息.同济大学学报,26(3):315-318.
王适择.2014.川南长宁地区构造特征及志留系龙马溪组裂缝特征研究(硕士学位论文).成都:成都理工大学.1-88.
杨潇,姜呈馥,孙兵华,宋海强.2015.砂质纹层的发育特征及对页岩储层物性的影响--以鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界延长组为例.延安大学学报(自然科学版),34(2):18-23.
赵建华,金之钧,金振奎,温馨,耿一凯,颜彩娜.2016.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组含气页岩中石英成因研究.天然气地球科学,27(2):377-386.
赵金洲,任岚,沈骋,李勇明.2018.页岩气储层缝网压裂理论与技术研究新进展.天然气工业,38(3):1-14.
张磊,张义平,陈奕羲,杨梓梁,许云飞.2017.压裂裂缝对页岩储层压力影响模拟研究.煤炭技术,36(6):69-71.
曾维特,张金川,丁文龙,王香增,久凯,付景龙.2014.延长组页岩储层纳米级孔隙特征及影响因素--以鄂尔多斯盆地柳坪171井为例.煤炭学报,39(6):1118-1126.
Anderson R V.1988.Lacustrine varve formation through time.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,62(1-4):215-235.
Campbell.1976.Lamina,laminaset,bed and bedset.Sedimentology,8:7-26.
Lazar O R,Bohacs K M,Macquaker J H S,Schieber J&Demko T M.2015.Capturing key attributes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in outcrops,cores,and thin sections:Nomenclature and description guidelines.Journal of Sedimentary Research,85:230-246.
Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C&Jarvie D M.2009.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale.Journal of Sedimentary Research,79(12):848-861.
Mitchel J M.1976.An overview of climatic variability and its casual mechanisms.Quaternary Research,6:481-493.
Nichols G.2009.Sedimentology and stratigraphy.2nd ed.Chichester:John Wiley&Sons.1-419.
Schieber J.1998.Possible indicators of microbial mat deposits in shales and sandstones:examples from the Mid-Proterozoic Belt Supergroup,Montana,USA.Sedimentary Geology,120:105-124.
陈世悦,张顺,刘惠民,鄢继华.2017.湖相深水细粒物质的混合沉积作用探讨.古地理学报,19(2):271-284.
陈旭,樊隽轩,张元动,王红岩,陈清,王文卉,梁峰,郭伟,赵群,聂海宽,文治东,孙宗元.2015.五峰组及龙马溪组黑色页岩在扬子覆盖区内的划分与圈定.地层学杂志,39(4):351-358.
郭岭,封从军,郭峰.2016.细粒岩储层沉积环境与沉积相-以四川盆地东南部龙马溪组为例.北京:中国石化出版社.1-213.
韩超,吴明昊,吝文,孔祥鑫,姜在兴,高丽华,韩作振.2017.川南地区五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩储层特征.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),41(3):14-22.
姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,张建国,张文昭,王永诗,刘惠民,陈祥.2013.含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题.石油学报,34(6):1031-1039.
姜在兴.2010.沉积学.北京:石油工业出版社.1-424.
李婷婷,朱如凯,白斌,王崇孝,李铁峰.2015.酒泉盆地青西凹陷下沟组湖相细粒沉积岩纹层特征及研究意义.中国石油勘探,20(1):38-47.
李亚丁.2017.长宁区块下古生界龙马溪及筇竹寺组页岩储层特征研究及评价[硕士学位论文].成都:西南石油大学.1-89.
刘传联,徐金鲤,汪品先.2001.藻类勃发-湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制.地质论评,47(2):207-210.
刘国恒,黄志龙,姜振学,陈践发,陈常超,高潇玉.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖相页岩纹层发育特征及储集意义.天然气地球科学,26(3):408-417.
柳波,吕延防,孟元林,李新宁,郭小波,马强,赵万春.2015.湖相纹层状细粒岩特征、成因模式及其页岩油意义--以三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例.石油勘探与开发,42(5):598-607.
施振生,邱振,董大忠,卢斌,梁萍萍,张梦琪.2018.四川盆地巫溪2井龙马溪组含气页岩细粒沉积纹层特征.石油勘探与开发,45(2):339-348.
时志强,曾德勇,熊兆军,张华,赵安坤.2010.三叠纪巨型季风在上扬子地区的沉积学记录.矿物岩石地球化学通报,29(2):164-172.
唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,张滨海,蒋时馨.2012.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法.地学前缘,19(5):356-363.
王超,石万忠,张晓明,徐壮,袁琪,肖丹.2017.页岩储层裂缝系统综合评价及其对页岩气渗流和聚集的影响.油气地质与采收率,24(1):50-56.
王冠民,钟建华.2004.湖泊纹层的沉积机理研究评述与展望.岩石矿物学杂志,23(1):43-48.
王冠民.2012.济阳坳陷古近系页岩的纹层组合及成因分类.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),242(3):666-680.
王慧中,梅洪明.1998.东营凹陷沙三下亚段油页岩中古湖泊学信息.同济大学学报,26(3):315-318.
王适择.2014.川南长宁地区构造特征及志留系龙马溪组裂缝特征研究(硕士学位论文).成都:成都理工大学.1-88.
杨潇,姜呈馥,孙兵华,宋海强.2015.砂质纹层的发育特征及对页岩储层物性的影响--以鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界延长组为例.延安大学学报(自然科学版),34(2):18-23.
赵建华,金之钧,金振奎,温馨,耿一凯,颜彩娜.2016.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组含气页岩中石英成因研究.天然气地球科学,27(2):377-386.
赵金洲,任岚,沈骋,李勇明.2018.页岩气储层缝网压裂理论与技术研究新进展.天然气工业,38(3):1-14.
张磊,张义平,陈奕羲,杨梓梁,许云飞.2017.压裂裂缝对页岩储层压力影响模拟研究.煤炭技术,36(6):69-71.
曾维特,张金川,丁文龙,王香增,久凯,付景龙.2014.延长组页岩储层纳米级孔隙特征及影响因素--以鄂尔多斯盆地柳坪171井为例.煤炭学报,39(6):1118-1126.
Anderson R V.1988.Lacustrine varve formation through time.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,62(1-4):215-235.
Campbell.1976.Lamina,laminaset,bed and bedset.Sedimentology,8:7-26.
Lazar O R,Bohacs K M,Macquaker J H S,Schieber J&Demko T M.2015.Capturing key attributes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in outcrops,cores,and thin sections:Nomenclature and description guidelines.Journal of Sedimentary Research,85:230-246.
Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C&Jarvie D M.2009.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale.Journal of Sedimentary Research,79(12):848-861.
Mitchel J M.1976.An overview of climatic variability and its casual mechanisms.Quaternary Research,6:481-493.
Nichols G.2009.Sedimentology and stratigraphy.2nd ed.Chichester:John Wiley&Sons.1-419.
Schieber J.1998.Possible indicators of microbial mat deposits in shales and sandstones:examples from the Mid-Proterozoic Belt Supergroup,Montana,USA.Sedimentary Geology,120:105-124.
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