一种新型透水铺装对雨水径流污染物的去除试验研究
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摘要
透水铺装路面在城市建设中已被广泛应用,但是对于土壤渗透能力较弱地区,常规透水路面的应用效果并不理想。通过研究含盲管的新型透水铺装,并以弱渗水土质为对象进行模拟试验,对比分析含盲管的新型透水铺装与常规透水铺装对雨水径流污染物的控制作用。结果表明,含盲管的透水铺装对污染物SS、COD、TN和TP的去除率均大于50%,其中对SS、COD去除率超过80%,对重金属Cu的去除率为60. 2%;含盲管的透水铺装路面对雨水径流各污染物的去除效果相比常规透水路面较好,径流污染物SS、COD、TN、TP、Cu质量浓度分别减少了33. 33%、38. 91%、35. 38%、20. 0%和28. 57%。在弱渗水土质地区条件下,含盲管的透水铺装对各项污染物的去除效果优于常规透水路面。
The present paper is concerned about a study on how to improve the rainwater runoff effect through the permeable pavement. It has proposed a method for improving the permeable pavement by inserting a perforated gravel pipe to the areas with the poor soil permeability. What we would like to suggest is to add the structure of permeability promotive layer to the permeable pavement to heighten the permeability of the soil foundation on the basis of the conventional permeable pavement. For the purpose,we would like to install a certain number and proportion of vertical permeability conduits in the permeability promoting layer through the permeability conduit technology. The actual renovated permeable pavement may include the cement concrete surfacelayer,the macadam roadbase,the permeability promoting layer at the original soil base with the conventional permeable pavement building means as a reference. Thus,it can be seen that the given paper has to be made of a new permeable pavement with the blind pipe so as to make a simulation test on the impermeable soil as an object,along with a comparative analysis of the control effect with the renovated type of permeable pavement of such blind pipe for running-off the rainwater. According to the minimum standard of no runoff on the pavement,the paper has chosen a simulated recurrence period of 2 years and the rainfall duration of 60 minutes as the rainfall condition,whereas we have also examined and adopted the removal rule and the impact of the novel permeable pavement on the typical pollutants in the rainwater runoff. The main results of the present study can be illustrated as follows: The removal rates of SS,COD,TN and TP can be illustrated as 84. 4%,83. 9%,61. 6% and 55. 4%,with the removal rate of heavy metals Cu being up to 60. 2%,thus resulting in a much better removal effect as compared with the conventional permeable pavement. And,in contrast,the concentrations of pollutants of SS,COD,TN,TP and Cu on the surface runoff have been made reduced by 33. 33%, 38. 91%,35. 38%,20% and 28. 57%,whereas the new permeable pavement has gained the improved effect with the removal rate getting up to 84. 4% in the process of SS removal. For instance,if the rainfall lasts for from 10 to 40 minutes,the COD removal efficiency in reducing the substances through the rainwater should be the or idealistic by adsorption interception. The proportion of TN removal through the surface layer and the macadam roadbase has to be made relatively stable,though the removal of TN by promoting the surface layer remains weak. In such a condition,the granular phosphorus tends to stay in the system mainly through adsorption,filtration and precipitation of the surface and buttom materials. Or,more statistically speaking,the removal ratio of the heavy metal Cu by the surface layer and macadam roadbase can probably reach over 79%,which constitutes the main structural part of the heavy metal pollutant removal. Thus,the above mentioned research results gained in the paper can demonstrate that in the weakly permeable soil area,compared with the conventional permeable pavement,the permeable pavement with the blind pipe has a luckily nice effect on the removal of the pollutants,which can provide a theoretical support for the subsequent application.
The present paper is concerned about a study on how to improve the rainwater runoff effect through the permeable pavement. It has proposed a method for improving the permeable pavement by inserting a perforated gravel pipe to the areas with the poor soil permeability. What we would like to suggest is to add the structure of permeability promotive layer to the permeable pavement to heighten the permeability of the soil foundation on the basis of the conventional permeable pavement. For the purpose,we would like to install a certain number and proportion of vertical permeability conduits in the permeability promoting layer through the permeability conduit technology. The actual renovated permeable pavement may include the cement concrete surfacelayer,the macadam roadbase,the permeability promoting layer at the original soil base with the conventional permeable pavement building means as a reference. Thus,it can be seen that the given paper has to be made of a new permeable pavement with the blind pipe so as to make a simulation test on the impermeable soil as an object,along with a comparative analysis of the control effect with the renovated type of permeable pavement of such blind pipe for running-off the rainwater. According to the minimum standard of no runoff on the pavement,the paper has chosen a simulated recurrence period of 2 years and the rainfall duration of 60 minutes as the rainfall condition,whereas we have also examined and adopted the removal rule and the impact of the novel permeable pavement on the typical pollutants in the rainwater runoff. The main results of the present study can be illustrated as follows: The removal rates of SS,COD,TN and TP can be illustrated as 84. 4%,83. 9%,61. 6% and 55. 4%,with the removal rate of heavy metals Cu being up to 60. 2%,thus resulting in a much better removal effect as compared with the conventional permeable pavement. And,in contrast,the concentrations of pollutants of SS,COD,TN,TP and Cu on the surface runoff have been made reduced by 33. 33%, 38. 91%,35. 38%,20% and 28. 57%,whereas the new permeable pavement has gained the improved effect with the removal rate getting up to 84. 4% in the process of SS removal. For instance,if the rainfall lasts for from 10 to 40 minutes,the COD removal efficiency in reducing the substances through the rainwater should be the or idealistic by adsorption interception. The proportion of TN removal through the surface layer and the macadam roadbase has to be made relatively stable,though the removal of TN by promoting the surface layer remains weak. In such a condition,the granular phosphorus tends to stay in the system mainly through adsorption,filtration and precipitation of the surface and buttom materials. Or,more statistically speaking,the removal ratio of the heavy metal Cu by the surface layer and macadam roadbase can probably reach over 79%,which constitutes the main structural part of the heavy metal pollutant removal. Thus,the above mentioned research results gained in the paper can demonstrate that in the weakly permeable soil area,compared with the conventional permeable pavement,the permeable pavement with the blind pipe has a luckily nice effect on the removal of the pollutants,which can provide a theoretical support for the subsequent application.
引文
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[2] XU Xiaoting(徐筱婷). SWMM model for evaluating the impact of permeable pavement with permeable conduit on surface runoff(以SWMM模式评估透水性铺面搭配渗透导管对地表径流之影响)[D]. Taizhong:Feng Chia University,2014
[3] XU Shaohua(许少华),ZHANG Yuhuan(张俼瑍),HONG Bifang(洪碧芳). New design of gravel pile and vertical inifltration pipes on low impact development(LID)measures for aquifer recharge in a sponge city[J].Shanghai Land and Resources(上海国土资源),2016,37(2):70-74.
[4] JIANG W,SHA A M,XIAO J J,et al. 1 Experimental study on filtration effect and mechanism of pavement runoff in permeable 2 asphalt pavement[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2015,100:102-110.
[5] KAMALI M,DELKASH M,TAJRISHY M. Evaluation of permeable pavement responses to urban surface runoff[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2017,187:43-53.
[6] ECK B J,WINSTON R J,HUNT W F,et al. Water quality of drainage from permeabe friction course[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,138(2):174-181.
[7] DRAKE J. Winter effluent quality from partial infiltration permeable pavement systems[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,140(11):1-13.
[8] AHIABLAME L M,ENGEL B A,CHAUBEY I. Effectiveness of low impact development practices:literature review and suggestions for future research[J]. Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2012,223(7):4253-4273.
[9] YAO Haibo(幺海博). Study on Flow Control and Contamination Interception Test of Pervious Pavement and Its Design Application(透水铺装控流截污试验及其设计应用研究)[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2013.
[10] ZHANG Jusony(张巨松),ZHANG Tianhua(张添华),ZHAO Yajing(赵雅静),et al. Some problems about pervious pavement design[J]. Northern Traffic(北方交通),2007(1):1-4.
[11] ZHANG Jusong(张巨松),ZHANG Tianhua(张添华),ZHU Guilin(朱桂林),et al. Experimental Study on Performance of Pervious Pavement Subgrade[J]. Journal of Shenyang Architectural University:Natural Science Edition(沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版),2007,23(6):961-964.
[12] Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国住房和城乡建筑部发布),Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国行业标准). Technical specification for pervious cement concrete pavement(透水水泥混凝土路面技术规程)[M]. Beijing:China Construction Industry Publishing House,2010.
[13] DONG Xiang(董祥),SHEN Zheng(沈正). Analysis on site selection and type selection of pervious pavement construction of urban road in China[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University(甘肃农大学报),2010,45(3):145-150.
[14] HE Xin(何鑫),CAO Xia(曹霞),ZHANG Xinhong(张欣红),et al. Design and engineering application of pervious pedestrian structure[J]. Urban Roads Bridges and Flood Control(城市道桥与防洪),2008(6):19-21.
[15] LIU Y,LI T,PENG H. A new structure of permeable pavement for mitigating urban heat island[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,634:1119-1125.
[16] VEYTSKIN Y,BOBKO C,CASTORENA C. Nanoindentation investigation of asphalt binder and mastic viscoelasticity[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2016,17(4):363-376.
[17] WINSTON R,ALRUBAEI A,BLECKEN G T,et al. Maintenance measures for preservation and recovery of permeable pavement surface infiltration rate:the effects of street sweeping,vacuum cleaning,high pressure washing,and milling[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2016,169(2):132-144.
[18] LIU Y,CIBIN R,BRALTS V F,et al. Optimal selection and placement of BMPs and LID practices with a rainfallrunoff model[J]. Environmental Modelling and Software,2016,80:281-296.
[19] BRATTEBO B O,BOOTH D B. Long-term stormwater quantity and quality performance of permeable pavement systems[J]. Water Research, 2003, 37(18):4369-4376.
[20] FWA T F,TAN S A,CHUAI C T,et al. Expedient permeability measurement for porous pavement surface[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2001,2(4):259-270.
[21] Qin Jian(秦健). Design and application of permeable pedestrian pavement structure[J]. Municipal Engineering in China(中国市政工程),2010(5):11-13.
[22] WANG Xianping(王贤萍). Practice and exploration of sponge city construction in Jiaxing City[J]. China Water&Wastewater(中国给水排水),2016(14):33-35.
[23] WANG Zhe(王哲),XIE Jie(谢杰),XIE Qiang(谢强),et al. Advances in research on purification of urban rainwater runoff by impervious pavement surface storage[J]. Environmental Science and Technology(环境科学与技术),2013(S2):138-143.
[24] KAMSLI M,DELKASH M,TAJRISHY M. Evaluation of permeable pavement responses to urban surface runoff[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2017,187:43-53.
[2] XU Xiaoting(徐筱婷). SWMM model for evaluating the impact of permeable pavement with permeable conduit on surface runoff(以SWMM模式评估透水性铺面搭配渗透导管对地表径流之影响)[D]. Taizhong:Feng Chia University,2014
[3] XU Shaohua(许少华),ZHANG Yuhuan(张俼瑍),HONG Bifang(洪碧芳). New design of gravel pile and vertical inifltration pipes on low impact development(LID)measures for aquifer recharge in a sponge city[J].Shanghai Land and Resources(上海国土资源),2016,37(2):70-74.
[4] JIANG W,SHA A M,XIAO J J,et al. 1 Experimental study on filtration effect and mechanism of pavement runoff in permeable 2 asphalt pavement[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2015,100:102-110.
[5] KAMALI M,DELKASH M,TAJRISHY M. Evaluation of permeable pavement responses to urban surface runoff[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2017,187:43-53.
[6] ECK B J,WINSTON R J,HUNT W F,et al. Water quality of drainage from permeabe friction course[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,138(2):174-181.
[7] DRAKE J. Winter effluent quality from partial infiltration permeable pavement systems[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,140(11):1-13.
[8] AHIABLAME L M,ENGEL B A,CHAUBEY I. Effectiveness of low impact development practices:literature review and suggestions for future research[J]. Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2012,223(7):4253-4273.
[9] YAO Haibo(幺海博). Study on Flow Control and Contamination Interception Test of Pervious Pavement and Its Design Application(透水铺装控流截污试验及其设计应用研究)[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2013.
[10] ZHANG Jusony(张巨松),ZHANG Tianhua(张添华),ZHAO Yajing(赵雅静),et al. Some problems about pervious pavement design[J]. Northern Traffic(北方交通),2007(1):1-4.
[11] ZHANG Jusong(张巨松),ZHANG Tianhua(张添华),ZHU Guilin(朱桂林),et al. Experimental Study on Performance of Pervious Pavement Subgrade[J]. Journal of Shenyang Architectural University:Natural Science Edition(沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版),2007,23(6):961-964.
[12] Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国住房和城乡建筑部发布),Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国行业标准). Technical specification for pervious cement concrete pavement(透水水泥混凝土路面技术规程)[M]. Beijing:China Construction Industry Publishing House,2010.
[13] DONG Xiang(董祥),SHEN Zheng(沈正). Analysis on site selection and type selection of pervious pavement construction of urban road in China[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University(甘肃农大学报),2010,45(3):145-150.
[14] HE Xin(何鑫),CAO Xia(曹霞),ZHANG Xinhong(张欣红),et al. Design and engineering application of pervious pedestrian structure[J]. Urban Roads Bridges and Flood Control(城市道桥与防洪),2008(6):19-21.
[15] LIU Y,LI T,PENG H. A new structure of permeable pavement for mitigating urban heat island[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,634:1119-1125.
[16] VEYTSKIN Y,BOBKO C,CASTORENA C. Nanoindentation investigation of asphalt binder and mastic viscoelasticity[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2016,17(4):363-376.
[17] WINSTON R,ALRUBAEI A,BLECKEN G T,et al. Maintenance measures for preservation and recovery of permeable pavement surface infiltration rate:the effects of street sweeping,vacuum cleaning,high pressure washing,and milling[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2016,169(2):132-144.
[18] LIU Y,CIBIN R,BRALTS V F,et al. Optimal selection and placement of BMPs and LID practices with a rainfallrunoff model[J]. Environmental Modelling and Software,2016,80:281-296.
[19] BRATTEBO B O,BOOTH D B. Long-term stormwater quantity and quality performance of permeable pavement systems[J]. Water Research, 2003, 37(18):4369-4376.
[20] FWA T F,TAN S A,CHUAI C T,et al. Expedient permeability measurement for porous pavement surface[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2001,2(4):259-270.
[21] Qin Jian(秦健). Design and application of permeable pedestrian pavement structure[J]. Municipal Engineering in China(中国市政工程),2010(5):11-13.
[22] WANG Xianping(王贤萍). Practice and exploration of sponge city construction in Jiaxing City[J]. China Water&Wastewater(中国给水排水),2016(14):33-35.
[23] WANG Zhe(王哲),XIE Jie(谢杰),XIE Qiang(谢强),et al. Advances in research on purification of urban rainwater runoff by impervious pavement surface storage[J]. Environmental Science and Technology(环境科学与技术),2013(S2):138-143.
[24] KAMSLI M,DELKASH M,TAJRISHY M. Evaluation of permeable pavement responses to urban surface runoff[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2017,187:43-53.
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