南海东北部深水区泥火山的分布与特征
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摘要
前人在南海东北部发现许多与天然气渗漏相关的规模大小不一的泥火山。受数据类型和分辨率所限,这些泥火山规模大小存在数据断层。利用多波束地形数据,在研究区域新发现了27个直径在300～1 170m、高度在5～120m范围内的泥火山,并且这些泥火山大多发育在海底侵蚀作用强烈的峡谷中。南海东北部海底地层中泥质和烃类来源充足,较快的沉积速率构成的超压体系以及强烈的挤压构造应力作用,使得含气高压泥浆上涌,穿透峡谷较薄的沉积层,这些黏性泥质在海底表面堆积形成了泥火山。
Mud volcanoes in different sizes are found associated with gas seepages in the northeastern South China Sea.Restricted by types and low resolutions of the data,there are gaps in the size of mud volcanoes.Using multi-beam bathymetry data,we find 27 new mud volcanoes in the study area 5～120 min heights with diameters between 300～1 170 m.Most of them are found in the canyons of heavy erosion.There are enough mud and gas as sources,and the overpressure system due to the joint actions of rapid sedimentation rate and tectonic compression forced the gas-rich mud to pierce into the thin canyon deposits and form mud volcanoes.
Mud volcanoes in different sizes are found associated with gas seepages in the northeastern South China Sea.Restricted by types and low resolutions of the data,there are gaps in the size of mud volcanoes.Using multi-beam bathymetry data,we find 27 new mud volcanoes in the study area 5～120 min heights with diameters between 300～1 170 m.Most of them are found in the canyons of heavy erosion.There are enough mud and gas as sources,and the overpressure system due to the joint actions of rapid sedimentation rate and tectonic compression forced the gas-rich mud to pierce into the thin canyon deposits and form mud volcanoes.
引文
[1]吴时国，龚跃华，米立军，等．南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究[J]．现代地质，2010,24(3):433-440.
[2]孙启良．南海北部深水盆地流体逸散系统与沉积物变形[D]．青岛：中国科学院研究生院（海洋研究所），2011.
[3] Liu C S,Schnurle P,Wang Y S,et al.Distribution and characters of gas hydrate offshore of southwestern Taiwan[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,2006,17(4):615-644.
[4] Lin C C,Lin T S,Liu C S,et al.Geological controls on BSR occurrences in the incipient arc-continent collision zone off southwest Taiwan[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(7):1118-1131.
[5] Chen S C,Hsu S K,Tsai C H,et al.Gas seepage,pockmarks and mud volcanoes in the near shore of SW Taiwan[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,2010,31(1/2):133-147.
[6]黄华谷，邸鹏飞，陈多福．泥火山的全球分布和研究进展[J]．矿物岩石地球化学通报，2011,30(2):189-197.
[7] Chiu J K,Liu C S.Comparison of sedimentary processes on adjacent passive and active continental margins offshore of SW Taiwan based on echo character studies[J].Basin Research,2008,20(4):503-518.
[8]邓辉，阎贫，刘海龄．台湾西南海域似海底反射分析[J]．热带海洋学报，2005,24(2):79-85.
[9] Lin A T,Liu C S,Lin C C,et al.Tectonic features associated with the overriding of an accretionary wedge on top of a rifted continental margin:an example from Taiwan[J].Marine Geology,2008,255(3/4):186-203.
[10]何家雄，祝有海，翁荣南，等．南海北部边缘盆地泥底辟及泥火山特征及其与油气运聚关系[J]．地球科学（中国地质大学学报），2010,35(1):75-86.
[11]陈志豪，吴能友，李家彪．马尼拉海沟俯冲带增生楔中天然气水合物的流体运移通道[J]．现代地质，2010,24(3):441-449.
[12]吴能友，张光学，梁金强，等．南海北部陆坡天然气水合物研究进展[J]．新能源进展，2013,1(1):80-94.
[13]张光学，梁金强，陆敬安，等．南海东北部陆坡天然气水合物藏特征[J]．天然气工业，2014,34(11):1-10.
[14] Zhang G X,Yang S X,Zhang M,et al.GMGS2expedition investigates rich and complex gas hydrate environment in the South China Sea[J].NETL,Fire in the Ice(Methane Hydrate Newsletter),2014,14(1):1-5.
[15]何家雄，祝有海，陈胜红，等．天然气水合物成因类型及成矿特征与南海北部资源前景[J]．天然气地球科学，2009,20(2):237-243.
[16]何家雄，崔洁，翁荣南，等．台湾南部泥火山与伴生气地质地球化学特征及其油气地质意义[J]．天然气地球科学，2012,23(2):319-326.
[17]邓辉．台湾西南海域地震数据处理及天然气水合物识别[D]．广州：中国科学院南海海洋研究所，2006.
[18] Lin A T,Yao B C,Hsu S K,et al.Tectonic features of the incipient arc-continent collision zone of Taiwan:implications for seismicity[J].Tectonophysics,2009,479(1/2):28-42.
[19]陈胜红，贺振华，何家雄，等．南海东北部边缘台西南盆地泥火山特征及其与油气运聚关系[J]．天然气地球科学，2009,20(6):872-877.
[20] Chiu J K,Tseng W H,Liu C S.Distribution of gassy sediments and mud volcanoes offshore southwestern Taiwan[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,2006,17(4):703-722.
[21] Chow J,Lee J S,Liu C S.A submarine canyon as the cause of a mud volcano-Liuchieuyu Island in Taiwan[J].Marine Geology,2001,176(1):55-63.
[22] Chen S C,Hsu S K,Wang Y S,et al.Distribution and characters of the mud diapirs and mud volcanoes off southwest Taiwan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,92:201-214.
[2]孙启良．南海北部深水盆地流体逸散系统与沉积物变形[D]．青岛：中国科学院研究生院（海洋研究所），2011.
[3] Liu C S,Schnurle P,Wang Y S,et al.Distribution and characters of gas hydrate offshore of southwestern Taiwan[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,2006,17(4):615-644.
[4] Lin C C,Lin T S,Liu C S,et al.Geological controls on BSR occurrences in the incipient arc-continent collision zone off southwest Taiwan[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(7):1118-1131.
[5] Chen S C,Hsu S K,Tsai C H,et al.Gas seepage,pockmarks and mud volcanoes in the near shore of SW Taiwan[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,2010,31(1/2):133-147.
[6]黄华谷，邸鹏飞，陈多福．泥火山的全球分布和研究进展[J]．矿物岩石地球化学通报，2011,30(2):189-197.
[7] Chiu J K,Liu C S.Comparison of sedimentary processes on adjacent passive and active continental margins offshore of SW Taiwan based on echo character studies[J].Basin Research,2008,20(4):503-518.
[8]邓辉，阎贫，刘海龄．台湾西南海域似海底反射分析[J]．热带海洋学报，2005,24(2):79-85.
[9] Lin A T,Liu C S,Lin C C,et al.Tectonic features associated with the overriding of an accretionary wedge on top of a rifted continental margin:an example from Taiwan[J].Marine Geology,2008,255(3/4):186-203.
[10]何家雄，祝有海，翁荣南，等．南海北部边缘盆地泥底辟及泥火山特征及其与油气运聚关系[J]．地球科学（中国地质大学学报），2010,35(1):75-86.
[11]陈志豪，吴能友，李家彪．马尼拉海沟俯冲带增生楔中天然气水合物的流体运移通道[J]．现代地质，2010,24(3):441-449.
[12]吴能友，张光学，梁金强，等．南海北部陆坡天然气水合物研究进展[J]．新能源进展，2013,1(1):80-94.
[13]张光学，梁金强，陆敬安，等．南海东北部陆坡天然气水合物藏特征[J]．天然气工业，2014,34(11):1-10.
[14] Zhang G X,Yang S X,Zhang M,et al.GMGS2expedition investigates rich and complex gas hydrate environment in the South China Sea[J].NETL,Fire in the Ice(Methane Hydrate Newsletter),2014,14(1):1-5.
[15]何家雄，祝有海，陈胜红，等．天然气水合物成因类型及成矿特征与南海北部资源前景[J]．天然气地球科学，2009,20(2):237-243.
[16]何家雄，崔洁，翁荣南，等．台湾南部泥火山与伴生气地质地球化学特征及其油气地质意义[J]．天然气地球科学，2012,23(2):319-326.
[17]邓辉．台湾西南海域地震数据处理及天然气水合物识别[D]．广州：中国科学院南海海洋研究所，2006.
[18] Lin A T,Yao B C,Hsu S K,et al.Tectonic features of the incipient arc-continent collision zone of Taiwan:implications for seismicity[J].Tectonophysics,2009,479(1/2):28-42.
[19]陈胜红，贺振华，何家雄，等．南海东北部边缘台西南盆地泥火山特征及其与油气运聚关系[J]．天然气地球科学，2009,20(6):872-877.
[20] Chiu J K,Tseng W H,Liu C S.Distribution of gassy sediments and mud volcanoes offshore southwestern Taiwan[J].Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,2006,17(4):703-722.
[21] Chow J,Lee J S,Liu C S.A submarine canyon as the cause of a mud volcano-Liuchieuyu Island in Taiwan[J].Marine Geology,2001,176(1):55-63.
[22] Chen S C,Hsu S K,Wang Y S,et al.Distribution and characters of the mud diapirs and mud volcanoes off southwest Taiwan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,92:201-214.
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