基于景观格局的草海流域生态风险评价
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摘要
喀斯特高原景观生态风险变化研究,对建立生态风险预警机制、降低生态风险概率和促进喀斯特高原地区景观格局优化具有重要意义.以2009、2014和2017年的3个时期高分辨率遥感影像为景观格局分析主要数据源,构建景观生态风险评价模型,研究了草海流域景观生态风险时空变化及其空间模式.结果表明,2009—2017年间,研究区景观结构变化较大,耕地和灌草地景观类型面积均呈减少趋势,林地、沼泽地、建设用地和水域景观类型面积呈增加趋势.2009—2017年间,高和较高生态风险主要分布在流域北部、东北部,中生态风险主要分布在流域东部、西南部,较低生态风险主要分布在流域南部-西部-西北部段,低生态风险主要集中在湖泊及其周围.2009—2017年间,研究区生态风险以低和较低生态风险为主,占流域面积的72.38%以上;2009—2014年间,高生态风险、较高生态风险和中生态风险的面积呈不同程度增加;2014—2017年间,高生态风险、较高生态风险和中生态风险的面积明显减少.2009—2017年期间,研究区景观生态风险存在显著空间正相关,"高-高"和"低-低"聚集是主要的生态风险集聚模式,"低-高"或"高-低"零散分布.
Studies on the changes in spatial pattern of landscape ecological risk on karst plateau zone play important roles in establishing the ecological risk warning mechanisms, minimizing the risk of ecological environment and optimizing the landscape pattern of karst plateau zone. Based on the high-resolution remote sensing images obtained in 2009,2014 and 2017, this work constructed an evolution model of landscape ecological risk pattern to analyze the temporal and spatial changes and spatial mode of landscape ecological risk on Caohai watershed. The results showed that the landscape structure in the study area significantly changed during 2009 to 2017. The areas of cultivated land and shrub land showed a decreasing trend, while the areas of forest land, marsh land, construction land and waters showed an increasing trend. During 2009 to 2017, high ecological risk and relatively high ecological risk were mainly distributed in the north and northeast of the watershed. Moderate ecological risk was mainly distributed in the eastern and southwestern of the watershed. Relatively low ecological risks was mainly distributed in the south-west-northwest of the watershed and low ecological risks was mainly concentrated around the lake area of the watershed. During 2009 to 2017, the ecological risks of the study area were at low and extremely low level, which accountd for more than 72.38% of the study area. During 2009 to 2014, the area of high ecological risk, relatively high ecological risk and moderate ecological risk increased to some extent, but they significantly decreased during 2014 to 2017. There was significant spatial positive correlation between the landscape ecological risks of the watershed during 2009 to 2017, the "high-high" and "low-low" accumulations were the main ecological risk accumulation mode, the "low-high" or "high-low" scattered distribution.
Studies on the changes in spatial pattern of landscape ecological risk on karst plateau zone play important roles in establishing the ecological risk warning mechanisms, minimizing the risk of ecological environment and optimizing the landscape pattern of karst plateau zone. Based on the high-resolution remote sensing images obtained in 2009,2014 and 2017, this work constructed an evolution model of landscape ecological risk pattern to analyze the temporal and spatial changes and spatial mode of landscape ecological risk on Caohai watershed. The results showed that the landscape structure in the study area significantly changed during 2009 to 2017. The areas of cultivated land and shrub land showed a decreasing trend, while the areas of forest land, marsh land, construction land and waters showed an increasing trend. During 2009 to 2017, high ecological risk and relatively high ecological risk were mainly distributed in the north and northeast of the watershed. Moderate ecological risk was mainly distributed in the eastern and southwestern of the watershed. Relatively low ecological risks was mainly distributed in the south-west-northwest of the watershed and low ecological risks was mainly concentrated around the lake area of the watershed. During 2009 to 2017, the ecological risks of the study area were at low and extremely low level, which accountd for more than 72.38% of the study area. During 2009 to 2014, the area of high ecological risk, relatively high ecological risk and moderate ecological risk increased to some extent, but they significantly decreased during 2014 to 2017. There was significant spatial positive correlation between the landscape ecological risks of the watershed during 2009 to 2017, the "high-high" and "low-low" accumulations were the main ecological risk accumulation mode, the "low-high" or "high-low" scattered distribution.
引文
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[16] 刘剑锋,张可慧,马文才.基于高分一号卫星遥感影像的矿区生态安全评价研究——以井陉矿区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(5):121-126.LIU J F,ZHANG K H,MA W C.Research on evaluation of mining area ecological security based on Gaofen-1satellite imagery:Take Jingxing mining area for example[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2015,31(5):121-126(in Chinese).
[17] 高宾,李小玉,李志刚,等.基于景观格局的锦州湾沿海经济开发区生态风险分析[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3441-3450.GAO B,LI X Y,LI Z G,et al.Assessment of ecological risk of coastal economic developing zone in Jinzhou Bay based on landscape patter[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(12):3441-3450(in Chinese).
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[19] 田颖,李冰,王水.江苏沿海地区景观格局的生态风险研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):241-245.TIAN Y,LI B,WANG S.Study on landscape ecological risk of the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(1):241-245(in Chinese).
[20] 巩杰,谢余初,赵彩霞,等.甘肃白龙江流域景观生态风险评价及其时空分异[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2153-2160.GONG J,XIE Y C,ZHAO C X,et al.Landscape ecological risk assessment and its spatiotemporal variation of the Bailongjiang watershed,Gansu[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(8):2153-2160(in Chinese).
[21] ANSELIN L.Local indicators of spatial association-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[22] LEE S II.Spatial association measures for an ESDA-GIS framework:developments significance tests and applications to spatio-temporal income dynamics of united states labor market areas,1969-1999[D].Ohio:Ohio State University,2001.
[23] SHRESTHA M K,YORK A M,BOONE C G,et al.Land fragmentation due to rapid urbanization in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area:Analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers[J].Applied Geography,2012,32(2):522-531.
[24] 潘竟虎,刘晓.疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):791-799.PAN J H,LIU X.Landscape ecological risk assessment and landscape security pattern optimization in Shule River basin[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology 2016,35(3):791-799(in Chinese).
[2] 陈辉,刘劲松,曹宇,等.生态风险评价研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1558-1566.CHEN H,LIU J S,CAO Y,et al.Progresses of ecological risk assessment[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(5):1558-1566(in Chinese).
[3] 刘焱序,王仰麟,彭建,等.基于生态适应性循环三维框架的城市景观生态风险评价[J].地理学报,2015,70(7):1052-1067.LIU Y X,WANG Y L,PENG J,et al.Urban landscape ecological risk assessment based on the 3D framework of adaptive cycle[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(7):1052-1067(in Chinese).
[4] 巩杰,赵彩霞,谢余初,等.基于景观格局的甘肃白龙江流域生态风险评价与管理[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):2041-2048.GONG J,ZHAO C X,XIE Y C,et al.Ecological risk assessment and its management of Bailongjiang watershed,southern Gansu based on landscape pattern[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25 (7):2041-2048(in Chinese).
[5] 李乔,王淑芬,曹有智,等.准东煤田周边农田土壤重金属污染生态风险评估与来源分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1537-1543.LI Q,WANG S F,CAO Y Z,et al.Ecological risk assessment and source analysis of heavy-metal pollution in farmland soils surrounding the coal mine of East Junggar Basin,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(8):1537-1543(in Chinese).
[6] 刘世梁,刘琦,张兆苓,等.云南省红河流域景观生态风险及驱动力分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(13):3728-3734.LIU S L,LIU Q,ZHANG Z L,et al.Landscape ecological risk and driving force analysis in Red River Basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(13):3728-3734(in Chinese).
[7] 彭建,党威雄,刘焱序,等.景观生态风险评价研究进展与展望[J].地理学报,2015,70(4):664-677.PENG J,DANG W X,LIU Y X,et al.Review on landscape ecological risk assessment[J].Acta Geographica Sinic,2015,70(4):664-677(in Chinese).
[8] 谢小平,陈芝聪,王芳,等.基于景观格局的太湖流域生态风险评估[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3369-3377.XIE X P,CHEN Z C,WANG F,et al.Ecological risk assessment of Taihu Lake basin based on landscape pattern[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(10):3316-3324(in Chinese).
[9] FAN J,WANG Y,ZHOU Z,et al.Dynamic ecological risk assessment and management of land use in the middle reaches of the Heihe river based on landscape patterns and spatial statistics[J].Sustainability Basel,2016,8(6):536-550.
[10] LI Y,HUANG S.landscape ecological risk responses to land use change in the Luanhe river basin,China[J].Sustainability Basel,2015,7(12):16631-16652.
[11] 张学斌,石培基,罗君,等.基于景观格局的干旱内陆河流域生态风险分析——以石羊河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(3):410-419.ZHANG X B,SHI P J,LUO J,et al.The ecological risk assessment of arid inland river basin at the landscape scale:A case study on Shiyang River basin[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(3):410-419(in Chinese).
[12] WANG Y,YANG L,KONG L,et al.Spatial distribution,ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments from Dongping Lake,Shandong,East China[J].Catena,2015,125(2):200-205.
[13] 叶长盛,冯艳芬.基于土地利用变化的珠江三角洲生态风险评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):224-232.YE C S,FENG Y F.Ecological risk assessment for Pearl River Delta based on land use change[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,19(10):224-232(in Chinese).
[14] 宋珂,宋喧,韩涛.基于景观结构的经济发达地区生态风险评价——以昆山市为例[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(1):104-109.SONG K,SONG X,HAN T.Evaluation of ecological risk in developed regions based on landscape structure:A case study of Kunshan City[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2015,27(1):104-109(in Chinese).
[15] 李加林,徐谅慧,杨磊,等.浙江省海岸带景观生态风险格局演变研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):293-299.LI J L,XU L H,YANG L,et al.Study on spatial pattern changes of landscape ecological risk on coastal zone of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(1):293-299(in Chinese).
[16] 刘剑锋,张可慧,马文才.基于高分一号卫星遥感影像的矿区生态安全评价研究——以井陉矿区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(5):121-126.LIU J F,ZHANG K H,MA W C.Research on evaluation of mining area ecological security based on Gaofen-1satellite imagery:Take Jingxing mining area for example[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2015,31(5):121-126(in Chinese).
[17] 高宾,李小玉,李志刚,等.基于景观格局的锦州湾沿海经济开发区生态风险分析[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3441-3450.GAO B,LI X Y,LI Z G,et al.Assessment of ecological risk of coastal economic developing zone in Jinzhou Bay based on landscape patter[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(12):3441-3450(in Chinese).
[18] 肖琳,田光进.天津市土地利用生态风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(2):469-476.XIAO L,TIAN G J.Eco-risk assessment of land use in Tianjin City[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(2):469-476(in Chinese).
[19] 田颖,李冰,王水.江苏沿海地区景观格局的生态风险研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):241-245.TIAN Y,LI B,WANG S.Study on landscape ecological risk of the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(1):241-245(in Chinese).
[20] 巩杰,谢余初,赵彩霞,等.甘肃白龙江流域景观生态风险评价及其时空分异[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2153-2160.GONG J,XIE Y C,ZHAO C X,et al.Landscape ecological risk assessment and its spatiotemporal variation of the Bailongjiang watershed,Gansu[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(8):2153-2160(in Chinese).
[21] ANSELIN L.Local indicators of spatial association-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[22] LEE S II.Spatial association measures for an ESDA-GIS framework:developments significance tests and applications to spatio-temporal income dynamics of united states labor market areas,1969-1999[D].Ohio:Ohio State University,2001.
[23] SHRESTHA M K,YORK A M,BOONE C G,et al.Land fragmentation due to rapid urbanization in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area:Analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers[J].Applied Geography,2012,32(2):522-531.
[24] 潘竟虎,刘晓.疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):791-799.PAN J H,LIU X.Landscape ecological risk assessment and landscape security pattern optimization in Shule River basin[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology 2016,35(3):791-799(in Chinese).
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