珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷高热流背景油气类型与成藏时期综合分析
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摘要
白云凹陷位于南海北部珠江口盆地深水区地壳强烈薄化带,快速沉降和高地温背景使得油气生成运聚非常复杂。应用油气地球化学、流体包裹体系统分析和2D盆地模拟相结合的方法,研究了白云凹陷目前已发现油气类型、充注幕次、成藏期次和古压力演化,结果表明:白云凹陷存在5类原油和2类天然气,油气充注具有"油早气晚"的特征。白云凹陷珠江组和珠海组储层油包裹体主要分为3类:成熟油包裹体(黄色荧光)、较高成熟油包裹体(黄绿色荧光)、高成熟油包裹体(蓝白色荧光,与天然气充注关系较为密切)。白云凹陷早期存在油气充注,后期普遍经历气洗作用而使古油藏遭受破坏。应用古压力-埋藏深度投点法确定至少存在2期充注:第1期为13.1～7.3Ma,主要为成熟油充注;第2期为5.5～0Ma,主要为高成熟油和天然气充注。压力演化模拟表明,较明显的生烃增压主要开始于白云运动时期,主要经历3期泄压:第1期成藏意义不大,第2期对早期油运移有重要意义,第3期对油气晚期成藏意义重大。本文成果对白云凹陷油气富集规律研究及下一步油气勘探有重要指导作用。
The Baiyun sag is located in the strongly thinned zones of continental crust in deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth basin(PRMb),and the rapid subsidence and high geothermal gradient made the petroleum migration and accumulation very complicated.Combining the analysis of petroleum geochemistry,fluid inclusion and 2Dbasin modelling,the hydrocarbon types,charging episodes,accumulating periods and paleopressure evolution discovered in the study area of Baiyun sag have been studied.The results reveal that there are five types of oil and two types of natural gas existing in the Baiyun sag,and the charging history is characterized by"oil in the early stage and gas in the late period".Reservoir oil inclusions observed in the Zhujiang Formation and Zhuhai Formation of the Baiyun sag mainly consist of three types:mature oil inclusion(yellow fluorescence),relative higher mature oil inclusion(yellow-green fluorescence),and high mature oil inclusion(blue-white fluorescence,which is closely related to gas charging).The Baiyun sag has undergone early hydrocarbon charging,and the paleo-reservoirs were universally damaged by gas washing occurred in the later stage.By applying the paleopressure-burial depth projection method,at least two periods of hydrocarbon charging were determined.The first period was in the range of13.1～7.3Ma,dominated by mature oil charging,and the second period was in the range of 5.5～0Ma,dominated by high mature oil and natural gas charging.The pressure evolution simulation suggests that the major hydro-carbon-generating pressurization initiated at the period of Baiyun movement,and basically three discharging stages had been experienced.The first one is of little significance to the hydrocarbon accumulation,the second one is of great significance to the early oil migration,and the third one with the longest duration is of great significance to the late oil and gas accumulation.The conclusions of this paper could provide an important guidance for studying the hydrocarbon enrichment laws and the next exploration in the Baiyun sag.
The Baiyun sag is located in the strongly thinned zones of continental crust in deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth basin(PRMb),and the rapid subsidence and high geothermal gradient made the petroleum migration and accumulation very complicated.Combining the analysis of petroleum geochemistry,fluid inclusion and 2Dbasin modelling,the hydrocarbon types,charging episodes,accumulating periods and paleopressure evolution discovered in the study area of Baiyun sag have been studied.The results reveal that there are five types of oil and two types of natural gas existing in the Baiyun sag,and the charging history is characterized by"oil in the early stage and gas in the late period".Reservoir oil inclusions observed in the Zhujiang Formation and Zhuhai Formation of the Baiyun sag mainly consist of three types:mature oil inclusion(yellow fluorescence),relative higher mature oil inclusion(yellow-green fluorescence),and high mature oil inclusion(blue-white fluorescence,which is closely related to gas charging).The Baiyun sag has undergone early hydrocarbon charging,and the paleo-reservoirs were universally damaged by gas washing occurred in the later stage.By applying the paleopressure-burial depth projection method,at least two periods of hydrocarbon charging were determined.The first period was in the range of13.1～7.3Ma,dominated by mature oil charging,and the second period was in the range of 5.5～0Ma,dominated by high mature oil and natural gas charging.The pressure evolution simulation suggests that the major hydro-carbon-generating pressurization initiated at the period of Baiyun movement,and basically three discharging stages had been experienced.The first one is of little significance to the hydrocarbon accumulation,the second one is of great significance to the early oil migration,and the third one with the longest duration is of great significance to the late oil and gas accumulation.The conclusions of this paper could provide an important guidance for studying the hydrocarbon enrichment laws and the next exploration in the Baiyun sag.
引文
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[11]CHEN Honghan,CHEN Changmin,PANG Xiong,et al.Natural gas sources,migration and accumulation in the shallow water area of the Panyu lower uplift:An insight into the deep water prospects of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,89(1):47-52.
[12]郭志峰,刘震,王伟,等.南海北部深水区白云凹陷地温-地压系统特征及其石油地质意义[J].地球科学,2011,36(5):831-836.GUO Zhifeng,LIU Zhen,WANG Wei,et al.Characteristics of geotemperature-pressure systems and their implications for petroleum geology at Baiyun depression,deep-water area of northern South China Sea[J].Earth Science,2011,36(5):831-836.
[13]朱俊章,施和生,庞雄,等.利用流体包裹体方法分析白云凹陷LW3-1-1井油气充注期次和时间[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(1):52-56.ZHU Junzhang,SHI Hesheng,PANG Xiong,et al.Hydrocarbon fluid inclusion in studies of periods and times of hydrocarbon charging in Well LW3-1-1,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2010,15(1):52-56.
[14]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学,2006,31(2):209-213.WANG Jiahao,PANG Xiong,WANG Cunwu,et al.Discovery and recognition of the central diapiric zone in Baiyun depression,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].Earth Science,2006,31(2):209-213.
[15]谢志远,李元平,孙珍,等.白云凹陷断裂活动与油气成藏耦合关系的盆地模拟研究[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(1):30-41.XIE Zhiyuan,LI Yuanping,SUN Zhen,et al.A basin modeling study on the coupling of fault activity and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Baiyun Sag[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2015,34(1):30-41.
[16]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:361.
[17]张云帆,孙珍,庞雄.珠江口盆地白云凹陷下地壳伸展与陆架坡折的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(3):488-496.ZHANG Yunfan,SUN Zhen,PANG Xiong.The relationship between extension of lower crust and displacement of the shelf break[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,57(3):550-557.
[18]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):145-151.PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,SHAO Lei,et al.Baiyun movement:A great tectonic event on the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the northern South China Sea and its implications[J].Geological Review,2007,53(2):145-151.
[19]朱俊章,施和生,庞雄,等.白云凹陷天然气生成与大中型气田形成关系[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):213-221.ZHU Junzhang,SHI Hesheng,PANG Xiong,et al.Discussion on natural gas generation and giant-medium size gas field formation in Baiyun sag[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2012,23(2):213-221.
[20]戴金星.各类烷烃气的鉴别[J].中国科学(B辑化学生命科学地学),1992,18(2):185-193.
[21]GOLDSTEIN R H,REYNOLDS T J.Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals[M].USA:SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology),1994:200.
[22]MUNZ I A.Petroleum inclusions in sedimentary basins:systematics,analytical methods and applications[J].Lithos,2001,55(1-4):195-212.
[23]陈红汉.单个油包裹体显微荧光特性与热成熟度评价[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):584-590.CHEN Honghan.Microspectrofluorimetric characterization and thermal maturity assessment of individual oil inclusion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):584-590.
[24]平宏伟,陈红汉,THIRY R.甲烷摩尔含量约束的石油包裹体捕获压力预测模型[J].地球科学,2014,39(1):79-90.PING Hongwei,CHEN Honghan,THIRY R.Prediction model of petroleum inclusion trapping pressure constrained by methane mole content[J].Earth Science,2014,39(1):79-90.
[25]PING Hongwei,CHEN Honghan,THIRY R.Thermodynamic modeling of petroleum inclusions:Composition modeling and prediction of the trapping pressure of crude oils[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,2013,346:33-44.
[26]翟普强,陈红汉,谢玉洪,等.琼东南盆地深水区超压演化与油气运移模拟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(10):4187-4201.ZHAI Puqiang,CHEN Honghan,XIE Yuhong,et al.Modelling of evolution of overpressure system and hydrocarbon migration in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(10):4187-4201.
[2]陈红汉.油气成藏年代学研究进展[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(2):143-150.CHEN Honghan.Advances in geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(2):143-150.
[3]解习农,成建梅,孟元林.沉积盆地流体活动及其成岩响应[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):863-871.XIE Xinong,CHENG Jianmei,MENG Yuanlin.Basin fluid flow and associated diagenetic processes[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):863-871.
[4]米立军.认识创新推动南海东部海域油气勘探不断取得突破:南海东部海域近年主要勘探进展回顾[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(1):1-10.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.001.MI Lijun.Continuous breakthroughs on petroleum exploration of the eastern South China Sea with innovative understanding:review of recent exploration progress[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(1):1-10.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.01.001.
[5]米立军,柳保军,何敏,等.南海北部陆缘白云深水区油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(2):10-22.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.02.002.MI Lijun,LIU Baojun,HE Min,et al.Petroleum geology characteristics and exploration direction in Baiyun deep water area,northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(2):10-22.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.02.002.
[6]唐晓音,胡圣标,张功成,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地地热特征与油气富集[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(2):572-585.TANG Xiaoyin,HU Shengbiao,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Geothermal characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation of the northern marginal basins,South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(2):572-585.
[7]YUAN Yusong,ZHU Weilin,MI Lijun,et al."Uniform geothermal gradient"and heat flow in the Qiongdongnan and Pearl River Mouth basins of the South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(7):1152-1162.
[8]朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:391.
[9]庞雄,施和生,朱明,等.再论白云深水区油气勘探前景[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):23-29.PANG Xiong,SHI Hesheng,ZHU Ming,et al.A further discussion on the hydrocarbon exploration potential in Baiyun deep water area[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(3):23-29.
[10]庞雄,陈长民,陈红汉,等.白云深水区油气成藏动力条件研究[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(1):9-14.PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,CHEN Honghan,et al.Astudy on hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics in Baiyun deepwater area,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(1):9-14.
[11]CHEN Honghan,CHEN Changmin,PANG Xiong,et al.Natural gas sources,migration and accumulation in the shallow water area of the Panyu lower uplift:An insight into the deep water prospects of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,89(1):47-52.
[12]郭志峰,刘震,王伟,等.南海北部深水区白云凹陷地温-地压系统特征及其石油地质意义[J].地球科学,2011,36(5):831-836.GUO Zhifeng,LIU Zhen,WANG Wei,et al.Characteristics of geotemperature-pressure systems and their implications for petroleum geology at Baiyun depression,deep-water area of northern South China Sea[J].Earth Science,2011,36(5):831-836.
[13]朱俊章,施和生,庞雄,等.利用流体包裹体方法分析白云凹陷LW3-1-1井油气充注期次和时间[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(1):52-56.ZHU Junzhang,SHI Hesheng,PANG Xiong,et al.Hydrocarbon fluid inclusion in studies of periods and times of hydrocarbon charging in Well LW3-1-1,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2010,15(1):52-56.
[14]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学,2006,31(2):209-213.WANG Jiahao,PANG Xiong,WANG Cunwu,et al.Discovery and recognition of the central diapiric zone in Baiyun depression,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].Earth Science,2006,31(2):209-213.
[15]谢志远,李元平,孙珍,等.白云凹陷断裂活动与油气成藏耦合关系的盆地模拟研究[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(1):30-41.XIE Zhiyuan,LI Yuanping,SUN Zhen,et al.A basin modeling study on the coupling of fault activity and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Baiyun Sag[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2015,34(1):30-41.
[16]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:361.
[17]张云帆,孙珍,庞雄.珠江口盆地白云凹陷下地壳伸展与陆架坡折的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(3):488-496.ZHANG Yunfan,SUN Zhen,PANG Xiong.The relationship between extension of lower crust and displacement of the shelf break[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,57(3):550-557.
[18]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):145-151.PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,SHAO Lei,et al.Baiyun movement:A great tectonic event on the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the northern South China Sea and its implications[J].Geological Review,2007,53(2):145-151.
[19]朱俊章,施和生,庞雄,等.白云凹陷天然气生成与大中型气田形成关系[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):213-221.ZHU Junzhang,SHI Hesheng,PANG Xiong,et al.Discussion on natural gas generation and giant-medium size gas field formation in Baiyun sag[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2012,23(2):213-221.
[20]戴金星.各类烷烃气的鉴别[J].中国科学(B辑化学生命科学地学),1992,18(2):185-193.
[21]GOLDSTEIN R H,REYNOLDS T J.Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals[M].USA:SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology),1994:200.
[22]MUNZ I A.Petroleum inclusions in sedimentary basins:systematics,analytical methods and applications[J].Lithos,2001,55(1-4):195-212.
[23]陈红汉.单个油包裹体显微荧光特性与热成熟度评价[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):584-590.CHEN Honghan.Microspectrofluorimetric characterization and thermal maturity assessment of individual oil inclusion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):584-590.
[24]平宏伟,陈红汉,THIRY R.甲烷摩尔含量约束的石油包裹体捕获压力预测模型[J].地球科学,2014,39(1):79-90.PING Hongwei,CHEN Honghan,THIRY R.Prediction model of petroleum inclusion trapping pressure constrained by methane mole content[J].Earth Science,2014,39(1):79-90.
[25]PING Hongwei,CHEN Honghan,THIRY R.Thermodynamic modeling of petroleum inclusions:Composition modeling and prediction of the trapping pressure of crude oils[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,2013,346:33-44.
[26]翟普强,陈红汉,谢玉洪,等.琼东南盆地深水区超压演化与油气运移模拟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(10):4187-4201.ZHAI Puqiang,CHEN Honghan,XIE Yuhong,et al.Modelling of evolution of overpressure system and hydrocarbon migration in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(10):4187-4201.
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